Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Research Articles

The dynamics of provision of population of the Russian Federation with otorhinolaryngologists in 2018-2023

The most acute problem of state health care system is shortage of medical personnel, both physicians and paramedics. The purpose of the study is to assess dynamics of personnel support with otolaryngologists in medical organizations of the Russian Federation for 2018-2023. The retrospective analytical descriptive study was carried out using continuous method based on studying dynamics of personnel support with otolaryngologists in the Russian Federation in general, Federal Okrugs and particular Subjects of the Russian Federation for 2018-2023. The calculation of dynamics of population provision with otolaryngologists per 10 thousand of population and dynamics of the number of otolaryngologists in medical organizations of state and non-state ownership was carried out. In the Russian Federation, level of population provision with otolaryngologists in 2018-2023 decreased from 0.62 to 0.61 per 10 thousand of population/ In some Subjects this indicator increased and in others decreased that testifies existence of internal labor migration of specialists. The largest increase in the number of otolaryngologists was established in Moscow, Moscow Region, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad Oblast and Sakhalin Oblast and some other Subjects, the most attractive ones in terms of salaries, work conditions, social guarantees and other privileges. Besides, taking into account the number of otolaryngologists working in both state and non-state medical organizations, their number in the Russian Federation in 2018-2023 increased from 13,222 to 14,548 specialists. At the same time, there is significant outflow of otolaryngologists into non-state medical organizations. In 2018, the percentage of otolaryngologists working in non-state medical organizations made up to 20.8% and in 2023 28.3%. The three regions with the lowest level population of provision with otolaryngologists in 2023 were the Jewish Autonomous Region (0.2 per 10 thousand of population), the Republic of Khakassia (0.36 per 10 thousand of population) and the Kurgan Oblast (0.39 per 10 thousand of population). The three Oblasts with highest level of population provision with otolaryngologists are the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (1.09 per 10 thousand of population), the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (1.05 per 10 thousand of population) and St. Petersburg (1.03 per 10 thousand of population). It is established that, despite slight decrease in population provision with otolaryngologists in 2018-2023, their labor migration to regions with higher level of social economic development, as well as outflow to non-governmental medical organizations within the region continued to take place. The manpower policy currently implemented in the Russian Federation regarding medical workers brought no expected results. The results demonstrated imbalance in provision with otolaryngologists and different levels of their deficiency in particular regions that emphasizes importance of individualized and comprehensive approach to personnel provision in each region.

Global earthquakes in the first half of 2024 according to the GS RAS

Description of the Earth seismicity at the level of mb (MS)≥6.0 in the first half of 2024 is pro-vided. А total of 60 earthquakes are included in the list with such magnitudes. Also information on 77 earthquakes felt on the territory of the Russian Federation according to the Alert Service of the Geophysical Survey RAS is given. For the eight strongest events, information messages were published within one to two days after their occurrence, and parameters of their focal mecha-nisms were calculated. During the period under review, the strongest global earthquake with MS=7.7 (Mw=7.3) occurred on April 2 on the northeast coast of Taiwan Island. As a result, twelve people died and about a thousand were injured. The greatest human casualties and materi-al damage were caused by the catastrophic earthquake on January 1 with MS=7.3 (Mw=7.3) on the west coast of Honshu Island, Japan, which caused 240 deaths and 1,036 injuries. On the terri-tory of Russia, the most noticeable (intensity Ii=5 in the nearest settlements) were two earth-quakes: on January 15 with mb=5.5 (Mw=5.2) in the area of Lake Baikal in Buryatia and on May 6 with MS=5.0 (Mw=5.3) in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The seismic energy released on the globe for the first half of 2024 (sum(E0.5)=1.29≥∙1017 J) increased compared to that in the 2023 second half, but remained below the average semi-annual value for the period of 2010–2023 (sum(E0.5)=2.24≥∙1017 J).

Современные тенденции репродуктивных потерь в Хабаровском крае

Abstract The relevance of the problem. Demographic processes are an urgent problem for the Far East and the Khabarovsk Krai. The objective of this study was to examine current trends in reproductive losses in Khabarovsk Krai in comparison with data for the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District. Material and research methods. The comparative analysis method is used in the article. The source of information was publications in Russian scientific journals and monographs, the data obtained from the official web sites of Rossstat of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk Krai, as well as statistical materials published by the Medical Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai for 2019–2022. For the period of preparation of the material, the data of Russia's Rosstat for 2023 on maternal and infant mortality in the official access was not available. Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of maternal, perinatal and infant mortality, as well as stillbirth in the context of federal districts, subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Khabarovsk Krai in 2019–2022 has shown that in all 4 indicators the most disadvantaged in the Russian Federation are the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, as well as the North-West Federal District (except for the infant mortality rate). In the Far Eastern Federal District, the most disadvantaged subjects in terms of all indicators were the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and the Trans -Baikal Territory, as well as the Kamchatka Oblast (with the exception of an indicator of stillbirth). The Khabarovsk Krai in all aspects has got the middle position. In the Khabarovsk Krai, special attention is required in terms of stillborn and perinatal mortality of Okhotsk and Nikolaevsky-on-Amur municipal areas. Conclusions. The study of reproductive losses in Khabarovsk Krai allows us to determine the risks and priorities for the development of demographic processes. The analysis has shown that the region took a middle position in terms of maternal, perinatal and infant mortality rates in 2019–2022 compared to data for the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District. At the same time, during the study period, there was a sharp increase in maternal mortality from 6.93 cases in 2019 to 15.5 cases in 2022 per 100,000 births, which indicates the insufficient effectiveness of health authorities and medical organizations in preventing it.

ОЦЕНКА ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ОЛЕНЕЙ ЧУКОТСКОЙ И ЭВЕНСКОЙ ПОРОД КРАЙНЕГО СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА РОССИИ

The preservation of the allelofund and increasing the productivity of domestic reindeer in the Far North-East of Russia is currently an urgent problem against the background of a decrease in the number of livestock in agricultural populations. The research work was carried out during 2014-2023 in the reindeer herding farms of the Magadan region - Agricultural complex "Irbychan" and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - breeding farms of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise agricultural complex "Khatyrskoye", "Amguema". The total number of deer involved in the work was 17,356. The aim is to study the genetic structure of populations of Even and Chukchi breeds in domestic reindeer husbandry in the Far North-East of Russia. The plucked ears of deer served as the material for molecular genetic studies. The most common genotypes of the Even breed are those with loci in their composition №3 (240-330), №5 (350-430), №6 (440-520), №7 (520-570) and No. 9 (700-770). 99% of the Chukchi deer breed has a fragment with a length of 240-330 bp (locus No. 3). Loci No. 6 (440-520) and No. 7 (520-570) were found in 93% of individuals, locus No. 5 (350-430) – in 95%. The frequency of ISSR markers made it possible to determine the parameters of the general population for the Even and Chukchi rocks, which are characterized by polymorphism of all detected loci. Since individual DNA fragments were present in deer of all populations, it can be concluded that for the Even breed the spectrum consists of 3 amplicons No. 3, 5, 6, and for the Chukchi breed it consists of 4 amplicons: №3, №5, №6, №7 it is typical. The genetic variability of ISSR markers in populations indicates a significant similarity between them in most allelic frequencies, which confirms the common origin, economic and breeding use of Even and Chukchi deer. For the first time, long-term, long-term monitoring of the genetic characteristics of the populations of domestic reindeer of the Magadan region and Chukotka was carried out in a comparative aspect, which has urgent scientific and practical significance for further improvement of breeding work in reindeer husbandry.

Модернизация технологий месторождений оловянных руд с учетом ретроспективной оценки опыта восстановления потенциала предприятий

The article describes the experience of restoring the potential of enterprises in the tin industry of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in difficult mining and geological conditions. The purpose of the study is a retrospective assessment of the experience of improving the technology of mining tin ores in stable rocks. Materials and methods. The goal is achieved through comprehensive research, including analysis and synthesis, comparison of calculated and experimental data, calculations of mass control parameters and measures to improve the quality of ores. Results. The characteristics of the deposits and the features of their location and ore extraction are given. The parameters of the applied development systems with differentiation into variants are detailed. A scheme of options is given with a critical analysis of their advantages and disadvantages so that they can be reproduced in similar conditions. Discussion. The effectiveness of the integration of ore mining processes and equipment for their implementation is shown. The experience of using an arsenal of systems for the development of shallow and inclined deposits in stable host rocks is described. The experimentally obtained dependences of the size of the pillars on the fall of the ore body and the spans of the mine are given. The variants of a promising chamber development system with the delivery of ore by the force of an explosion are detailed. Conclusion. It is shown that the development of tin deposits with the integration of the capabilities of technological processes and equipment ensures effective development of the field while improving the safety of mining operations and extraction of minerals from the subsurface. Resume. It is concluded that the integration of mining processes and equipment for their implementation is a reserve for the implementation of the production program, and the experience of developing tin deposits can be in demand when modernizing existing technologies and designing new deposits of solid minerals. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. Future research will be aimed at addressing issues related to reducing ore losses and dilution, improving the rock pressure management system and increasing the environmental and economic efficiency of the enterprise.

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ЖЕНЩИНАМ В ЧУКОТСКОМ АВТОНОМНОМ ОКРУГЕ

Relevance. Breast cancer is one of the first places among all types of oncological pathology both in the Russian Federation and around the world. At the same time, over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the incidence of this pathology; the average annual growth rate in the Russian Federation reached up to 1.72%, which is a very worrying sign. The aim of the study is analysis of the morbidity and mortality rates from breast cancer in the female population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as well as identification of the features of medical care and prevention of identified malignant neoplasms of the breast in the study area. Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out on the basis of information materials from the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System, the Federal State Statistics Service, and documents from regional executive authorities in the field of healthcare. Statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality from malignant breast diseases in women from 2011 to 2021 (per 100,000 population) were studied; the results obtained in the region were compared with those in the Russian Federation as a whole. To assess the general and annual trend, its degree of reliability, a trend line was constructed and the value of the approximation coefficient R2 was calculated, which in all cases turned out to be acceptable. The results of the study. Morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the breast in women living in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug differed significantly from the national average. The annual changes in the region had quite sharp fluctuations. However, in general, the trend line did not have sufficient positive characteristics. In addition, higher morbidity and mortality rates in the region, compared with the national average, can be considered a negative point.

Developing urban agglomerations in the Far North-East of Russia

Subject. This article discusses the issues of formation of agglomerations as a result of urbanization processes and effective element of spatial development, and the specifics of the northern resource economy. Objectives. The article aims to determine the role and prospects for the development of agglomerations in the Far North-East of Russia. Methods. For the study, I used historical, comparative, statistical, and systems analyses. Results. The article considers the basic conditions for the formation of agglomerations in the Magadan Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and proposes several variants of the spatial transformation of the Far North-East of Russia. As well, the article clarifies the definition of the Northern Agglomeration concept. Conclusions. The geostrategic importance of the territories, the observance of the interests of the indigenous peoples of the North, the prospects for the development of new deposits, and the improvement of living standards through the development of urban kernels are specific factors in the formation of northern agglomerations.

Особенности цифровизации арктических регионов России

The article discusses the features of digitalization in the Arctic regions of Russia. The authors pose broad questions: why is it important to develop the Arctic now; what economic interests are behind this; what difficulties are associated with this process; and how can we assess the current level of digital transformation in the Russian part of the Arctic? Based on an analysis of data from the Federal State Statistics Service and forecast indicators for the socio-economic development of regions, the authors assess the current level of digitalization of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation as uneven. The issue of digitalization requires increased attention in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Karelia. The authors concluded that the digitalization of the Arctic repeats the features of the digitalization of the country: the digitalization of business and industry lags the public sector and households. The main problems are associated with the large financial costs of laying fiber optic cables in remote, hard-to-reach areas with few residents. The authors believe that the most relevant tool for solving existing problems could be joint investments of public and private raw materials companies in laying a fiber-optic cable along the bottom of the Arctic Ocean for the digitalization of the Northern Sea Route (hereinafter referred to as the NSR), as well as across the territory of coastal Arctic subjects. The authors assess the digitalization of the NSR as vital for the development of this logistics route and as the main and most economically beneficial for the development of trade relations with China.

Материалы к флоре зеленых водорослей (Chlorophyta) Чукотки

The article presents the results of processing three algae samples collected in the valley of the river Apapelgin (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) in the summer of 2023. All discovered species belong to the order Chlorophyta. Three species of algae, capable to withstand significant water salinity (Ulva prolifera, Cladophora glomerata, and Percursaria percursa), were found on laida spills. In the fouling of stones in the river Apapelgin, the freshwater algae Draparnaldia mutabilis has been found. The first three species have been indicated in Russia's Far North for the first time.

Reindeer herding of Chukotka ethnicities in the end of the 20th — first quarter of 21st century

In Chukotka, reindeer herding is the most important element of traditional subsistence for the Chukchi, Koryak, Even and Yukaghir peoples. Despite substantial changes in reindeer herding, associated with modernization and commercialization of the industry, the herders of Chukotka were able to preserve their traditions, rituals and ethnic celebrations, associated with nomadic culture. The purpose of this work is to characterize contemporary reindeer herding as the most important component of ethnic culture in Chukotka. The article is based on the authors’ field materials collected in 1999–2023 among the reindeer herders of Anadyr, Bilibinsky, Iultinsky, Chaunsky and Chukotsky districts of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, interviews with agricultural specialists, statistical and analytical documents, scientific literature on the history and ethnography of reindeer herding. Chukchi reindeer herding developed on traditional basis until the first third of the 20th century. Then, under the influence of political and economic changes, a sharp transformation and breakdown of traditional management occurred among the indigenous peoples of the Northeast. Such intervention into the centuries-old system of nature management resulted in significant changes in the lifestyle of the Chukchi reindeer herders, system of their values, and brought significant social consequences. Nowadays, rein-deer herding in Chukotka is vital and the most important agricultural sector that provides food security for the region; it is also the element of traditional subsistence management, which preserves and develops the ethnic culture of the indigenous minority peoples of the North. Together with all the positive changes in reindeer herding during the Soviet era, it is worth emphasizing that during the crises periods of the 1990s and early 2000s, the herding enterprises with strong cultural traditions, such as social organization of camps, preservation of a nomadic family, development of riding reindeer husbandry, preference for the “old” nomadic way of life and its attributes – dwelling, fur clothing, vehicles – proved to be the most stable.

Comparative Analysis of Regional Socioeconomic Heterogeneous Indicators in the Subjects of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Their Integral Assessment

The Arctic Zone of Russian Federation (AZRF) is a unique geography with diverse socioeconomic factors playing significant roles in its stability and progress. In order to accurately assess and evaluate the overall socioeconomic progress of AZRF, the heterogeneous factors should be considered in an integrated manner, which will give a holistic view of the socioeconomic stability and development of the region. The available literature on socioeconomic development of Russian Arctic region however suffers from lack of integrated analysis of heterogeneous indicators. In this article, the authors have selected five heterogeneous indicators which best describe the socioeconomic condition of a given region, which in this case is AZRF and performed integral analysis for the time period 2014–2019. The indicators refer to socioeconomic aspects such as gross regional product and amount of investments received by the region, which in turn leads to changes in employment opportunities and income level of the population along with social benefits available to them. The mathematical instrument used for the analysis is the theory of fuzzy logic in the framework of determination of the subdirect image of a fuzzy set. This method is scalable and can be extended to any number of indicators of diverse nature since the final score will be in the range of [0, 1] making comparison of regions and ranking possible. Using this method, the subjects were ranked at individual indicator level and at holistic level as a result of which the advantages and disadvantages of each subject and the AZRF as a whole were determined. At holistic level, the subjects were ranked as Krasnayarsky Krai, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Republic of Komi, Murmansk Oblast, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Karelia Republic, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug based on the integral scores obtained. JEL Code: R11

Выявление причин оттока населения из успешного дальневосточного арктического региона (1990–2020 гг.)

The problem of the Far Eastern macroregion after the transition to a market economy is the population outflow. Since 1990, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the easternmost Arctic region of Russia, has lost the largest share of the population (70 %). The external success of the okrug’s socio-economic development, as evidenced by the primary industry growth and its leading places among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in a number of key per capita indicators, does not contribute to the influx of labour resources, since this region is one of the smallest in Russia. The 30-year dynamics of socio-economic processes in Chukotka were examined to clarify the reasons for this paradox. To this end, main quantitative and qualitative indicators of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the economic and social sphere were compared in the context of a planned economy (1990), when the region was attractive for living, and market one (2020), characterised by a massive population outflow. To assess living standards, the authors’ methodology was used to compare the purchasing power of income in different economic conditions. Living standards significantly decreased: in a planned economy, they exceeded the national average by 3 times, while in market conditions, there is only a slight excess (22 %). The population outflow from the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug resulted from a combination of two factors: a change in the economic paradigm and specificity of the Arctic region. Accordingly, the population of the northern and Arctic regions can be maintained only by providing a better living standard relative to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The findings can be used to improve the socio-economic policy of the Russian North and Arctic.

Российская Арктика-2035: полимасштабный прогноз

The subject of the study is the forecast of the development of the Arctic territories of Russia at the zonal, regional and municipal levels based on the concept of technical and economic (structural) dynamics of N. Kondratiev – S. Glazyev – С. Peres. The object of study is the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to describe the technical and economic dynamics of the Arctic territories until 2035. This goal determined the solution of three tasks: 1) identifying the features of new resource development of the Russian Arctic based on the mineral resources and fuel and energy potential of the Arctic territories of Russia; 2) justification of the current situation in the regions of the Russian Arctic, such as the dynamics of technological structures and calculated positions on the volume of GRP in 2035; 3) compiling a list of Arctic municipalities (49) with limited delivery times for cargo and their typology based on the speed of technical and economic dynamics. Results of the study: I. The resource potential of the Russian Arctic from the point of view of technological structures can be strengthened through the commissioning of deposits of graphite, antimony, and bauxite, the global demand for which is characterized by favorable conditions in the forecast period; II. The regions of the Russian Arctic are differentiated based on the analysis of greenfield projects carried out during the forecast period into three groups of technological renewal: a) maximum; b) partial; c) minimal. The forecast of the GRP of the Arctic territories based on resource production indicators in 2035 determined their rank: 1) Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; 2) Murmansk region; 3-4) Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Arctic of the Krasnoyarsk Territory; 5) Arctic of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); 6) Arctic of the Komi Republic; 7) Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; 8) Arctic of the Arkhangelsk region; 9) Arctic of the Republic of Karelia. III. Arctic municipalities with limited delivery times are separated into four groups from the point of view of the prospects for the formation of a new technological structure based on new projects: 1) maximum potential (12); 2) average potential (9); 3) without new mining projects, but with prospects for completing the development of previously started ones and technological modernization of old projects (12); 4) without prospects for the deployment of new projects for the development of non-renewable resources, but with prospects for the development of biological resources (16). Possible application of the results can be documents of strategic planning of the Russian Arctic at the zonal, regional and municipal levels.

Resource potential of recycling materials for blasting in North and Arctic regions with diesel power operations

This article hereby represents the study results of production parameters for a waste motor oil at remote northern areas where electricity is generated by diesel power plants without centralized energy distribution. Production of this secondary resource has been compared with the «northern delivery» volumes of energy resources to the northern and arctic areas of Russia. Characteristics of territorial distribution of the gold deposits, reserves and resources are given for the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Yakutia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and Murmansk Oblast where possible production volumes of the cheap explosives with a waste motor oil as the combustible component for gold ore mining using are shown.

Staffing of the hematology service of the Russian Federation

Introduction. As part of the implementation of the federal project Development of a network of national medical research centers and the introduction of innovative medical technologies, one of the activities of the National Medical Research Center for Hematology (Center) is the analysis of the staffi ng of medical organizations (MO) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF) by hematologists.Aim — to analyze the dynamics of staffi ng by hematologists of MO in the RF.Materials and methods. Data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) — Federal Statistical Observation Form No. 30 “Information about a medical organization” of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2012–2020, reference books of the Central Research Institute of Organization and Informatization Health of the Russian Ministry of Health in the Russian Federation, information obtained from the results of on-site events of the National Medical Research Center for Hematology, including expert assessments were used.Results. The hematological service is organized in all subjects of the RF, with the exception of the Chukotka and Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Republic of Kalmykia and Altai, as well as the Jewish Autonomous Region. As of December 31, 2021, 1,594 hematologists work in the constituent entities of the RF, of which 460 specialists are in outpatient care and 1133 specialists in hospital settings. Analysis of the availability of full-time positions of hematologists per 10,000 populations in the Russian Federation in dynamics for 2012–2020 revealed fl uctuations in the values of this indicator from 0.06 to 0.17. The largest “failure” in the provision of hematologists occurred in 2014 in almost all federal districts (FD) of the Russian Federation. Only the Urals FD maintains the stability of the indicator of availability of these specialists. Over the past 3 years, there has been an increase in the number of full-time positions of hematologists, while the staffi ng of individuals reduced due to the lack (increase) of new employees and slightly offset by an increase in the coeffi cient of internal part-time work. Thus, the highest combination coeffi cient was noted in 2020 in the Ural (1.49) and Siberian (1.45) FD, the lowest in the North-Western FD (1.09). In accordance with the legal act regulating the activities of the hematology service, the standard for calculating the positions of outpatient hematologists is 1 doctor per 200 thousand of the population, however, the provision of full-time positions for the outpatient stage of care remains not achieved (2021 — 0.92 per 200 thousand); at least 731 doctors are needed against the existing 456 specialists. The staffi ng standard of the department of hematology corresponds to one medical position per 10 beds. Compliance with regulations regarding the formation of the staffi ng table of the inpatient unit was noted in 95% of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The issues of personnel shortage of hematologists are relevant. The shortage of hematologists in the Russian Federation indicates the lack of attractiveness of remuneration and indicates the need for management decisions to be made by the Government of the Russian Federation and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at developing mechanisms for maintaining the human resource of hematologists in the healthcare system.

Стоимость жизни в регионах Арктической зоны России

Active efforts to develop all elements of socio-economic systems of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Rus-sian Federation are the key to the effective development of their resources. The main element of territorial sys-tems of the Russian Arctic is labor potential, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of which are deter-mined by the standard of living of the population. One of the main indicators of living standards in Russian sta-tistics is the cost of living. The aim of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, is to analyze the values of this indicator for the population of the regions referred to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It was determined that the highest cost of living is in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. A significant level of dif-ferentiation of consumer expenditures on the purchase of food products by population groups with the lowest and the highest disposable resources was revealed. The imperfection of the methodology of formation of the main tool used for interregional comparisons of the cost of living assessment is substantiated. The practical significance of the study lies in their complex analysis within the framework of spatial development of the entire Russian Arctic. The prospect of further research is associated with the development of conceptual foundations for assessing the cost of living in order to improve state policy in relation to the population of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

Где в Арктике лучшие условия для реализации мер региональной промышленной политики?

This article addresses the research question concerning the assessment of current prerequisites for implementing industrial policy within the Arctic territories of Russia through the efforts of local and regional authorities. The research goal required solving methodological problems, including how to evaluate these prerequisites, analytical problems encompassing individual and integrated scoring, and practical problems such as the differentiation of Arctic territories into responsive,neutral, or conservative regarding regional industrial policy measures. The study is based on regional and municipal statistical indicators, legal documents outlining industrial policy within Arctic regions, and data from the monthly monitoring of the Arctic conducted by the Institute of Regional Consulting. To perform an integrated assessment of the conditions, we employed 17 indicators grouped into five categories: 1) material factors (four indicators reflecting the volume and weight of the industrial sector in the regional economy); 2) spatial factors (four indicators assessing the degree of dispersion or concentration of regional industry locations); 3) technological factors (three indicators measuring the Arctic territory's readiness for the fifth Kondratieff wave); 4) institutional factors (three indicators evaluating the involvement of key actors in industrial activities, the effectiveness of industrial partnerships, and the presence of established regional industrial policy institutions); 5) natural resource factors (three indicators offering a qualitative assessment of the region's key resource assets). Upon integrating individual scores for five categories, which were derived as the arithmetic mean of normalized scores, four distinct groups of regions were identified. The first group, represented by the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) and the Krasnoyarsk Arctic, has the most favorable conditions for the deployment of new industrial policy measures. The second group, consisting of the well-established industrial region of Murmansk and the Arctic territories of the Arkhangelsk region, has relatively favorable conditions. The third group, comprising the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and the Arctic territories of the Komi Republic, is characterized by less favorable conditions. The fourth group, which includes the Arctic territories of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Republic of Karelia, ranks as the least favorable in terms of implementing regional industrial policy measures.

Статистическая оценка достижения стратегической цели по продолжительности жизни населения арктических регионов России

Increasing the life expectancy of the Russian population is the most important goal of the country’s national policy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this indicator has decreased in most countries worldwide, including Russia, which necessitates research in this domain. Life expectancy levels greatly vary across Russian regions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the extent to which the targeted life expectancy goals have been attained in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The study relies on the systems approach, the critical approach, content analysis, and demographic analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the conclusion that the life expectancy target outlined in the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Provision of National Security for the Period up to 2035, aimed at reaching the level of 78 years by 2024, will not be met. This assertion is substantiated by an analysis of long-term trends. The Arctic regions are categorized based on their progress toward the strategic life expectancy goal: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District has come closest to achieving it, while the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Karelia, and the Arkhangelsk Region face the most challenging circumstances. We have identified key avenues for increasing life expectancy in each Arctic region, with measures to prevent mortality from external causes showing significant potential for reducing premature deaths. A comparative analysis shows that at the current state of healthcare infrastructure development in Russia, regional differences do not exert a decisive impact on life expectancy. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen efforts to encourage regular medical check-ups, making them an annual practice for all age groups. This approach would facilitate the early diagnosis of critical illnesses and reduce premature mortality. As a rule, the availability of medical services in the Russian Arctic is higher than the average around the country, as evidenced by statistical data on the development of a network of medical institutions and their medical staffing. Also, most Arctic regions have a lower proportion of the rural population than the national average, with the exception of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Telemedicine and mobile healthcare services should be used more actively, particularly in locations such as remote settlements, onshore and offshore oil platforms, and nomadic routes. There is a need for an effective mechanism of government support for corporate employee wellness programs that make a real contribution to reducing the loss of work time due to sick leaves. It is also vital to promote a healthy lifestyle, engaging the population in physical activities and sports, as the Russian Arctic already has the necessary facilities and conditions.

Социокультурная ситуация в селах Провиденского городского округа Чукотки глазами их жителей по полевым материалам 2021 г. Часть 2

Introduction. Due to remoteness, limited accessibility and ethnocultural uniqueness, Chukotka used to be — and still is — a particular region of Russia. In Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the nationwide and specifically ‘northern’ political, economic, social and cultural processes are paralleled by vivid local specifics manifested in all life spheres. The work introduces accounts of the current sociocultural situation articulated by rural residents of Providensky Urban Okrug. Goals. The paper aims to deliver native inhabitants’ opinions on village life, including which realms of social agenda they tend to view as promising, their actual challenges, controversies, and threats. Materials and methods. The study focuses on field materials collected in the town of Provideniya, villages of Enmelen, Nunligran, Sireniki, Novoye Chaplino, and Yanrakynnot in 2021. Special attention is paid to publications characterizing the socioeconomic situation of Chukotka’s indigenous peoples. The problems identified in the article have been approached by a number of ethnographers, sociologists and anthropologists of different generations from a variety of angles. So, the latter serve a ‘starting point’ for understanding and analyzing the current sociocultural situation in Providensky Urban Okrug of (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug). Part One of the article reviewed publications, summarized results of expeditions to Providensky District, briefly described traditional occupations of rural dwellers, and characterized the sociocultural situation in the villages of Enmelen, Sireniki and Nunligran. Part Two deals with the sociocultural situation in the villages of Novoye Chaplino and Yanrakynnot. Conclusions. According to the Russian Census of 2020, the population of Providensky Urban Okrug is 3,707 people, of which 2,140 live in urban areas and 1,567 — in rural ones. About half of the residents are ethnic Chukchis (36.7%) and Eskimos (Siberian Yupiks; 19,1 %). The last ten years have witnessed a minor population growth only in two settlements — town of Provideniya and village of Novoye Chaplino. The main reasons of rural depopulation are low living standards, deterioration of housing facilities, underdevelopment of rural infrastructure, poor educational and medical services, under- and unemployment, low wages, isolation and limited leisure time opportunities. All the interviewed residents stress the importance of sea-hunting industry as a basis of present-day life in the villages. Elders still hope for further development of reindeer breeding and related sectors. The language situation is characterized by a virtually complete displacement of native languages in family and everyday communicative practices.

Социокультурная ситуация в селах Провиденского городского округа Чукотки глазами их жителей по полевым материалам 2021 г. Часть 1

Introduction. Due to remoteness, limited accessibility and ethnocultural uniqueness, Chukotka used to be — and still is — a particular region of Russia. In Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the nationwide and specifically ‘northern’ political, economic, social and cultural processes are paralleled by vivid local specifics manifested in all life spheres. The work introduces accounts of the current sociocultural situation articulated by rural residents of Providensky Urban Okrug. Goals. The paper aims to deliver native inhabitants’ opinions on village life, including which realms of social agenda they tend to view as promising, their actual challenges, controversies, and threats. Materials and methods. The study focuses on field materials collected in the town of Provideniya, villages of Enmelen, Nunligran, Sireniki, Novoye Chaplino, and Yanrakynnot in 2021. Special attention is paid to publications characterizing the socioeconomic situation of Chukotka’s indigenous peoples. Part One of the article reviews publications summarizing results of expeditions to Providensky District, briefly describes traditional occupations of rural dwellers, characterizes the sociocultural situation in the villages of Enmelen, Sireniki and Nunligran. Part Two shall deal with the sociocultural situation in the villages of Novoye Chaplino and Yanrakynnot. Conclusions. According to the Russian Census of 2020, the population of Providensky Urban Okrug is 3,707 people, of which 2,140 live in urban areas and 1,567 — in rural ones. About half of the residents are ethnic Chukchis (36.7%) and Eskimos (Siberian Yupiks; 19,1 %). The last ten years have witnessed a minor population growth only in two settlements — town of Provideniya and village of Novoye Chaplino. The main reasons of rural depopulation are low living standards, deterioration of housing facilities, underdevelopment of rural infrastructure, poor educational and medical services, under- and unemployment, low wages, isolation and limited leisure time opportunities. All the interviewed residents stress the importance of sea-hunting industry as a basis of present-day life in the villages. Elders still hope for further development of reindeer breeding and related sectors. The language situation is characterized by a virtually complete displacement of native languages in family and everyday communicative practices.