Chrysanthenyl Acetate Research Articles

In Vitro Antiviral and Anticancer Effects of Tanacetum sinaicum Essential Oil on Human Cervical and Breast Cancer.

Cervical cancer has been linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. Essential oils (EOs) are vital natural products of plants with various therapeutic and biological properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate and assess Tanacetum sinaicum essential oil's possible antiviral and anticancer properties, with a focus on its in vitro effects on human cervical cancer and human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Tanacetum sinaicum EO was extracted via hydrodistillation (HD) and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability of Hela (a human epithelial cervical cancer) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to assess the antiviral efficacy of EO against HPV-16 and 18, and anti-metastatic characteristics. The biological activity of EO was assessed using Autophage and Cell genotoxicity via the comet assay. EO is mostly composed of chrysanthenyl acetate, thujone, and verbenol. The cell viability was reduced after 24 hours of incubation at doses from 100 to 400 µg/ml. Concentrations of 800 to 3,200 µg/ml significantly inhibit cell growth. After a 24-hour incubation period, doses ranging from 100 to 400 µg/ml reduced cell viability from 62 to 72%. Concentrations of 800 to 3,200 µg/ml significantly suppress cell growth by over 95%. In MCF7 and HeLa cell lines, EO lowered virus copy numbers in a dose-dependent manner, with higher concentrations of the oil inhibiting virus replication more effectively. EO treatment increased the number of autophagosomes/autolysosomes and acidic vesicular organelles in both cell lines. On the HeLa and MCF7 cell lines, EO demonstrated antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects. The results demonstrated that EO had dose-dependent genotoxic effects on both cancer cell lines, as evidenced by DNA damage. Tanacetum sinaicum EO is a prospective source of natural bioactive compounds that can be employed in pharmaceutical and medicinal applications due to its antiviral, antiproliferative, anti-metastatic and genotoxic properties.

Moroccan Endemic Artemisia herba-alba Essential Oil: GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial and Antifungal Investigation

In Morocco, the endemic Artemisia herba-alba is well known by its traditional uses and health benefits. The search for natural, safe, and effective antibacterial and antifungal agents from plants is in high demand due to microbial and fungal resistance to conventional synthetic antibiotics and antifungal drugs. In this study, the A. herba-alba was collected from the region of Fez-Boulemane during the periods of March, June, and September. Essential oils (EOs) were extracted from the aerial part of the plant by the hydrodistillation method. The chemical constituents were determined using GC-MS as analytical tools. The antimicrobial activities of different oils were tested using the macrodilution method. The results showed the difference in the yields between the three EOs (0.49, 1.74, 1.30% (mL/100 g)), respectively, as well as in their corresponding chemical compositions. The main constituents revealed by GC-MS are higher contents of oxygenated monoterpenes (84.7, 84.4, 81%), such as cis chrysanthenyl acetate (30, 26.7, 27.6%), β-thujone (23.2, 12.9, 15.4%), camphor (9.76, 14.3, 15.8%), chrysanthenone (2.4, 1, 14%), 1,8-cineole (1.5, 11.7, 11.8%), trans β-dihydroterpineol (7.8, 7.2, 6.9%), α-thujone (4.8, 3, 5.4%), and sesquiterpenic davanone (3.9, 1.5, 1.4%), respectively. The three EOs biological activities’ results showed significant antimicrobial effects against four bacteria tested (E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, M. luteus), with the MIC values ranging from 0.1 to 0.03% (v/v), as well as interesting antifungal effects on both wood rot fungi against four fungi examined (G. trabeum, P. placenta, C. puteana, C. versicolor) and molds against three microorganisms tested (A. niger, P. digitatum, P. expansum), with MIC values ranging from 0.2 to 0.03% (v/v) and 0.4 to 0.03% (v/v), respectively. The June and September EO samples showed more potent activities than those collected during March. Our research findings showed quantitative variability in both EO contents and chemical compositions, which could be due to the phenological stages, climatic conditions of growth, and harvesting periods. The potent results of the antimicrobial/antifungal activities were provided by the EOs of June and September and might be correlated to the contribution and synergism effect of all oxygenated monoterpenes. These results support the possible application of A. herba-alba EOs as natural and safe antibacterial agents, and an effective alternative to synthetic drugs, enabling the prevention and treatment of certain pathogenic infections in food and health, and the preservation of wood alteration against fungi.

Changes of Essential Oil Compositions and Biological Activities of Different Phenological Stage and Part of Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss

Ducrosia anethifolia L., an aromatic plant of the Apiaceae family, is traditionally used in Iran to improve the odor of foods and drinks. Different biological activities have been reported for this plant such as antibacterial, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antianxiety, and sedative. The essential oil profile of D. anethifolia was investigated in different plant situations (phenological stages, stalks and fresh aerial parts in seed stage, and powdered and non-powdered seeds in 2018 and 2019). The essential oil was isolated by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus and was analyzed by gas chromatography. Decanal was the main compound of essential oil in floral-budding stage (40.26%). However, through plant growth and development, its amount decreased and the amount of 2-dodecenal-E increased (up to 64.51% in fresh seed stages). In the seeds, chrysanthenyl acetate was the major ingredient of the essential oil (49.11%), especially in aged and powdered seeds. The maximum and minimum essential oil content (w/v) was obtained from powdered seeds of 2019 (1.95%) and floral-budding stage (0.34%), respectively. Interestingly, principle component analyses (PCA) based on 15 main combinations of the essential oil scattered the studied samples in ordered arrangement from the floral-budding stage to the aged seeds. Briefly, obvious fluctuations were observed in the essential oil of D. anethifolia under various circumstances; flavorous decanal in floral budding, anticonvulsant 2-dodecenal-E in stems, and sedative chrysanthenyl acetate in powdered seeds. It seems this overlooked plant is proving worthy as a new nutraceutical, in any situations.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antibacterial activities of the essential oil of Prangospabularia

The essential oil composition of the shoot parts of Prangos pabularia, growing in Drass area of Ladakh, India, along with its antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activity, is reported for the first time. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of 31 constituents, representing 97.342% of the total essential oil. The major constituents of essential oil were Durylaldehyde (62.161%), Bicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-en-4-ol (8.846%), Chrysanthenyl acetate (5.120%) followed by unknown (3.420%), (−)-Spathulenol (3.028%), Mesityl aldehyde (2.402%) and Hexahydro farnesyl acetone (1.683%. Cytotoxic activity of the essential oil by MTT assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human breast (HBL-100), human cervical cancer (HELA) and human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells, at four different concentrations (20, 30, 50 & 100 μg/mL) revealed that the activity of 56.12% against A549 (human lung) cell line at 20 μg/mL concentration was the highest. The Essential oil displayed a significant free radical scavenging activity with DPPH. Antibacterial activity was carried out against 3 g positive and 2-g negative bacteria at four different concentrations using Agar Well Diffusion Method taking streptomycin sulphate as reference. The essential oil displayed significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against different bacteria used. The MIC of the oil ranged from 2.06 to 5.00 μg/mL. The zones of inhibition were lesser for Micrococcus and Escherichia coli compared to other strains of bacteria.

Study of the variability of the component composition of the essential oil of Artemisia vulgaris L. from the place of collection of raw materials in the territory of Dagestan

The genus Artemisia L. is represented in the natural flora of Dagestan (Russia) by 21 species. For the first time, data are presented on the release of essential oil and its component composition in the aerial part of Artemisia vulgaris L., collected in different geographical points during the flowering period in 2014. The aim of the work was to assess the dependence of the accumulation and variability of the component composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of A. vulgaris on the place of collection of raw materials. The collected raw materials were dried to an air-dry state, ground in a laboratory mill and subjected to extraction by the Clevenger method (hydrodistillation method). The studied samples of wormwood showed a low content of essential oil, and one sample was colored dark blue, which differs from the literature data. The resulting essential oils were further analyzed on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (Shimadzu). As a result, 51 compounds were found in the essential oil of the aerial part of A. vulgaris (a sample collected in the vicinity of the village of Charoda, 1490 m above sea level, Dagestan, Russia), 56 compounds in a sample collected in the vicinity of the village of Kurush, 2460 m above sea level, Dagestan, Russia. Pinene beta, sabinene, myrcene, eucalyptol, terpinene gamma, thujone –beta, Verbenol trans, terpinen –4 –ol, chrysanthenyl acetate – trans, Isogermacrene D, muurolene epsylon, Humulene alpha, Cadinene gamma, Selyptol –Beta, Bulnesene alpha, Caryophyllene oxide, Humulene epoxide II, Chamazulene. Bulnesene alpha, Caryophyllene oxide, Humulene epoxide II, Chamazulene. Two samples of A. vulgaris essential oil differ in general both in qualitative and quantitative composition of components, both major and minor. The results obtained give us grounds to recommend these samples as sources of valuable components, chamazulene, Chrysanthenyl acetate, cubebene beta and others.

Composition and antifungal mechanism of essential oil from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju

• Components of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju essential oil (CMF-EO) were characterized. • CMF-EO showed excellent antifungal activities against six common fungus. • Antifungal targets were cell membrane, mitochondrial membrane, and DNA. • Multiple antifungal mechanisms make fungi difficult to develop drug resistance. Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju (CMF) has been used as a dietary herb in East Asia for centuries. The chemical composition and antifungal activity of CMF essential oil (CMF-EO) were investigated in this study. We have found that CMF-EO was a light-yellow, transparent liquid (0.61% yield, w/w) and majorly contain 31 volatile components with a total of 98.41% determined by GS and GC/MS. Camphor was the major compound (16.87%), followed by 1,8-cineole (10.62%), β -curcumene (9.51%), bornyl acetate (7.43%), α -zingiberene (6.97%), β-elemene (6.47%), α -bisabolol (4.74%), borneol (4.24%) and eugenol (4.23%). In addition, contents with more than 2% of the total CMF-EO were 1-caryophyllene (3.92%), chrysanthenyl acetate (3.29%), caryophyllene oxide (2.28%), and chamazulene (2.23%). Six fungal strains were used to study the antifungal activities and mechanisms of CMF-EO using fluorescence probe–membrane integrity assay, analysis of cytoplasmic membrane permeability, electron microscopy, monitoring of the effect of the mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA binding assay. CMF-EO effectively inhibited the growth of C. albicans , C. glabrata , C. tropicalis , S. cerevisiae , D. hansenii , and Z. parabailii with minimum inhibition concentrations of 31.25, 31.25, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625, and 15.625 μg/mL, respectively, and minimum fungicidal concentrations of 62.5, 125.0, 125.0, 62.5, 31.25, and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. The elucidated antifungal mechanisms of CMF-EO included the destruction of cytoplasmic membrane and the damage of mitochondria and DNA. The multiple antifungal mechanisms made it difficult for fungi to develop drug resistance, and this finding might shed new light on the development of new fungal agents.

PROSPECTS OF STUDYING OF VOLATILE OILS OF TANACETUM PARTHENIUM (L.) SCHULTZ BIP. FOR ISSUES IN CHEMOSYSTEMATICS OF TANACETUM GENUS

The search for new sources of biologically active substances is an actual issue of pharmaceutical science. Feverfew is a prospective member of the Tanacetum genus. Recently an interest to this plant has grown. Sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds are known to be cause its anti-inflammatory and antimigraine activity. The study of volatile compounds and chemosystematics of the feverfew in this group of BAS has not been conducted before. The aim of the research was to obtain the volatile oil from the feverfew herb, studying of the component composition, an identification of compounds, that can be used for chemosystematics of the genus and establishing of the pharmacological activity according to the chemical content of volatile oil. Materials and methods. The object of research was the samples of the feverfew herb grown and collected in the period of its mass flowering. The volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the feverfew herb was studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results. The comparative characteristic of the representatives of the genus Tanacetum according to chemosystematic features was carried out. As a result of the research of the volatile oil 44 compounds were found, from which 40 were identified. According to the research, the raw material contained 34.71 % of camphor, this is a typical feature of all species of the genus Tanacetum. Fenchyl acetate was identified in a high enough content – 7,44 % in the domestic raw material, but this compound was not identified in the foreign samples. Chrysanthenyl acetate is accumulated in representatives of the genus Tanacetum in the form of a cis or trans isomer. In our study, the content of trans-chrysanthene acetate was 23.30 %. In the domestic raw materials, monoterpenes – α- and β- thujone – were not identified, which are associated with the toxicity of the raw material. Conclusions. In the volatile oil 44 compounds were found, from which 40 were identified. Monoterpenes prevailed among terpenes, namely camphor, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate and fenchyl acetate, which are typical and can be used for chemosystematic issues of the genus Tanacetum. The identified compounds require anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, analgesic activities of the volatile oil, therefore creation of the medicinal herbal remedy based on the volatile oil of the feverfew herb is prospective.

Variation of Chemical Composition of Essential Oils in Wild Populations of Ferulago cassia Boiss. From Turkey

The present study was carried out to investigate the essential oil yield and chemical composition of essential oils from the fruits of Ferulago cassia Boiss. The fruits of F. cassia, a native plant of Turkish flora, were collected at the seed maturing stage from different localities and the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical components of the oils were identified by GC and GC-MS. The oil yields on a dry weight basis ranged between 5.0 % to 7.8 %. The number of essential oil components was between 44 to 64 for different locations and a total of 78 compounds were identified. Major qualitative and quantitative variations of some compounds were determined for localities. The major components were chrysanthenyl acetate (13.54 % - 24.49 %), 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (5.94 % - 25.52 %), L-limonene (4.69 % - 27.44 %), α-pinene (7.64 % - 12.43 %), β-myrcene (3.44 % - 10.38 %) and L-phellandrene (2.90 % - 9.75 %). Results showed that plants collected from different localities had different chemical compositions. Collection, selection and cultivation of different genotypes based on reported results could allow breeders to develop chemotypes for oil extraction and use.

Isolation of extracts of wormwood - effective natural insecticides of the terpenoid group

Extracts of wormwood (Artemísia absínthium) grown in the greenhouse complex of the Institute of Phytopathology were obtained. The resulting extracts were isolated from the dried ground parts of this plant (leaves and flowering tops) by subsequent extractions with a mixture of dichloroethane, acetone and petroleum ether, as well as a mixture of methanol, chloroform and water with the addition of water and chloroform to separate the chloroform layer and purification on activated carbon. By further separation of the obtained extracts by preparative column chromatography, biologically active fractions with different contents of natural insecticides from the group of terpenoids were isolated. The content of biologically active components in various fractions was determined by the methods of chromatomass-spectrometry. It was found that a mixture of low-polarity chloroform with a minimum amount of polar methanol most fully extracts chrysanthenone and chrysanthenyl acetate, cineole and borneol, and the minimum extraction of terpenoids is observed with an increase in the content of polar methanol in the eluent containing chloroform. The insecticidal effect of the isolated fractions on the large cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae) was studied. It was found that the maximum insecticidal effect (100% death of insects) was exhibited by the fraction of terpenoids isolated during extraction with a low-polarity eluent containing chloroform with a minimum amount of methanol. It was found that the fraction of terpenoids containing a high amount of chamazulene exhibited a moderate insecticidal effect (31% of insect mortality), while fractions with a low content of this compound exhibited low insecticidal activity. It was shown that extracts of wormwood have an insecticidal effect against the pest of cereal crops, large cereal aphid and can be used as environmentally friendly natural insecticidal additives to commercial preparations.

Phytochemical investigation of saponifiable matter & volatile oils and antibacterial activity of Moluccella laevis L., family Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

Abstract The current study was aimed to evaluate some parts of Moluccella laevis viz., phytochemical and antibacterial. Regarding to GC/MS of the saponifiable matters of petroleum ether fraction of total ethanolic extract of the aerial parts (TEE), the main recognized unsaturated fatty acids were methyl linolenate (25.58%) and methyl linoleate (15.87%). Whereas, the major saturated fatty acids were, palmitic (25.4%) followed by stearic acid (10.48). A comparative analysis of the volatile constituents of M. laevis flowers and leaves was performed by Head Space GC/MS. The volatile mixtures of both plant parts displayed comparable amounts of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, with a noticeable greater contribution of the latter in the leaves.Besides, a-pinene (40.84%), chrysanthenyl acetate (17.89%) and isobornyl acetate (10.64%), were identified as the major volatile components in the flowers. While, isobornyl acetate (35.09%) was characterized as the major constituent followed by, 2-methyl-4-butanolide (22.12%), 1-heptene oxide (7.47%) and benzoic acid, methyl ester (4.05%) of the volatile oil composition of the leaves. Moreover, this study included the antibacterial activity of TEE and its different fractions against Gram positive and negative bacteria. TEE exhibited MIC values of 326 476, and 541 µg/mL against E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa, respectively, while the aqueous fraction showed MICs of 410, 633, 748 and 10713 µg/mL against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Finally, the EtOAc fraction displayed MICs 449, 541 and 1085 µg/mL against K. pneumonia, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively.

(+)-(E)-Chrysanthenyl Acetate: A Molecule with Interesting Biological Properties Contained in the Anthemis secundiramea (Asteraceae) Flowers

Anthemis secundiramea is a perennial herb native widespread throughout the Mediterranean basin. The oil obtained from the flowers of this plant has antimicrobial properties against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and inhibits the biofilm formation. The extract of A. secundiramea also has antioxidant activity—increasing the activity of different enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx). Surprisingly, in the oil extracted from the flowers, there is a single molecule, called (+)-(E)-chrysanthenyl acetate: This makes the A. secundiramea flowers extract extremely interesting for future topical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical applications.

In-depth study of phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory and antiproliferative properties of Achillea filipendulina: a good candidate for designing biologically-active food products

Achillea species (Asteraceae) are important medicinal foods widely used as traditional medicine, herbal tea, and food additives. In the present study, the chemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and enzyme inhibitory activities (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, cholinesterase, and tyrosinase) of the essential oils (EOs) and ethanolic (EtOH) extracts from flowers and leaves of Achillea filipendulina were investigated. The EOs were characterized by the presence of 35 and 38 volatile constituents, representing 98.88% and 97.26% of the flowers and leaves oils, respectively. Chrysanthenyl acetate (19.11% and 16.26%), 1,8-cineole (17.18% and 12.01%), borneol (9.70% and 7.66%), and α-pinene (9.60% and 8.77%) were identified as the major compounds. Phenolics profiling showed 11 phenolic acid and flavonoids are presented in this herb flower and leaves EtOH extracts of which chlorogenic acid (214.95 and 154.54 mg/100 g extract), cinnamic acid (116.67 and 90.41 mg/100 g extract), and apigenin (204.89 and 228.28 mg/100 g extract) were the major ingredients. Moreover, the extracts contained significant amounts of total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponin compounds. All samples showed moderate to high inhibitory effects against key enzyme linked to Alzheimer’s and diabetes diseases. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited promising antityrosinase activity. Evaluation of antiproliferative activity exerted that flower of the plant had the highest effect on MCF-7 and Hep-G2 cell lines, while the plant essential oil didn’t have significant effect. Overall, our findings indicated that A. filipendulina has great potential for designing novel industrial formulations including pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.

Mosquitocidal and repellent activities of essential oils againstCulex pipiensL.

AbstractPlants are a prospective source of novel natural insect repellents and botanical insecticides. This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils of three plants growing in Saudi Arabia, namelyDucrosia anethifolia,Achillea fragrantissima, andTeucrium polium; and to evaluate their potential mosquitocidal and repellent activities against adult femaleCulex pipiensL. The main components of the three oils were found to be decanal (28.9%) and chrysanthenyl acetate (10.04%), (D. anethifolia); sabinyl acetate (35.79) and artemesia ketone (18.28%) (A. fragrantissima);α‐cadinol (49.53%) andδ‐cadinene (10.23%) (T. polium). The oil ofA. fragrantissimawas the most toxic (LC50 = 0.11 μL/L air) followed byD. anethifoliaandT. poliumwith LC50values of 5.22 and 25.98 μL/L air, respectively.T. poliumoil was the most repellent (292 min at 2 μL/cm2), followed byD. anethifoliaandA. fragrantissima. The results indicate that the essential oils have a potential fumigant insecticidal and repellent activities for mosquito control.

Morphophysiological and Phytochemical Variability in Some Wild Populations of Ducrosia anethifolia from Iran.

In order to determine the morphophysiological and phytochemical properties of various Ducrosia anethifolia populations, the plant samples were collected from 20 locations in native regions. Current study indicated significant differences in the morphophysiological and phytochemical characteristics of D. anethifolia populations collected from 20 locations in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. The highest value of plant height and the number of lateral stems, node per plant, umbellate per umbel, seeds per umbellate and the roots fresh and dry weight were related to the location with relatively high rainfall (130-161 mm) and low altitude (up to 1165 m) compared with others. Based on the essential oil components, D. anethifolia populations were divided into five different chemotypes. Chemotypes I, II and III were characterized by high amounts of methyl chavicol, chrysanthenyl acetate and decanal, respectively. Moreover, the populations with high amounts of decanal, anethole and dodecanal were placed in chemotype IV. Chemotype V was attributed to the Naserabad population with 1-decanol as the major compound.

Chemical composition of essential oil of Jatropha curcas L. leaves and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

Jatropha curcas L. is a perennial energy crop in the Euphorbiaceae family that received much attention for its bio-oil multiple uses. This study was designed to determine the composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of jatropha’s essential oil grown under Moroccan ecological conditions. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that the oil contains 39 compounds, with dominant the δ-cadinene (9.6%), α-epi-cadinol (7.38%), pulegone (5.95%), chrysanthenyl acetate (5.26%), α-cadinol (4.32%), thymol (4.03%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by radical 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and by reducing power test. The result showed a moderate activity with the concentration providing 50% inhibition (IC50) 314 μg/mL and 298 μg/mL, respectively. The essential oil was used for antimicrobial activity against six bacteria and three yeasts. The yeasts strains were the most sensitive among the microorganisms tests, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.3 mg/mL and 0.6 mg/mL, followed by Gram-positive strains (0.3 mg/mL–1.2 mg/mL) and Gram-negative (0.6 mg/mL–2.4 mg/mL) apart from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was a resistant strain to J. curcas L. essential oil. The results of this study showed that essential oil of J. curcas L. contains compounds with an antioxidant and antimicrobial power against several pathogenic strains and these properties may be employed in the management of microbial infections.

Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil and Cytotoxic Activity of Ducrosia asadi Alva. from Iran

Hydro distillated oil of the aerial parts of Ducrosia assadi Alva. (Umbelliferae ) , has been analyzed by GC/MS with two different capillary columns, HP-5MS and HP-Wax. Thirty-four compounds were identified, 94.3% of the total oils. The concentration of citronellol, chrysanthenyl acetate, decanoic acid, decanol and linalool was high in analysis of the oil with both columns . Cytotoxic activity studied on two human cancer cell lines (LS180 and MCF-7) represented moderate cytotoxic activity.

Hippocratic medicinal flora on the Greek Island of Kos: Spatial distribution, assessment of soil conditions, essential oil content and chemotype analysis

In recent years, interest in traditional medicine has significantly increased worldwide. Our research focused on an extended survey conducted in Kos Island in order to determine the distribution of Hippocratic Medicinal Flora, to evaluate the composition of their essential oils and the relationship between their occurrence and the soil environment. Cistus salviifolius, Hypericum empetrifolium and Teucrium capitatum were mostly observed at higher altitudes, whereas Hypericum hircinum, Crithmum maritimum, Anthemis arvensis, Ferula communis and Artemisia arborescens at lower ones. Canonical correspondence analysis served to quantify the relationship among soil variables and the occurrence and density of the studied plant species. The most important variables according to CCA were in decreasing order Na, soil organic content (%) and pH. Three species exhibited high essential oil yields, namely A. arborescens (3.4%), H. empetrifolium (3%) and C. maritimum (2.3%). Germacrene D was the main constituent of the essential oil of C. salviifolius and T. capitatum, while (cis)-chrysanthenyl acetate was for A. arvensis. For C. maritimum, the main constituent was sabinene, E-caryophyllene for H. hircinum, α-pinene for H. empetrifolium, δ-cadinene for F. communis, and chamazulene for A. arborescens. The domestication feasibility of the aforementioned plant species is also discussed.

Volatile Chemical Constituents of the Chilean Bryophytes

The aim of this study is to increase the phytochemical knowledge of South American bryophytes, particularly from those of the southern tip of the continent, due to the uniqueness of its poorly known bryoflora. Thirty-two specimens were analyzed using GC-MS technique. Most of the molecules found in the present bryophyte species belong to sesquiterpenes. In general, liverworts resulted to be richer in terpenoid compounds, while mosses in n-alkanes. Oplopanone, trans- chrysanthenyl acetate and 6,7-secoeudesm-7(11)-en-6-al are compounds here newly reported to the bryophytes. α-Ylangene and α-herbertenol are new to hornworts, while α-herbertenol and n-heneicosane are new to mosses.

Variation in morphological characters, chemical composition, and anthocyanin content of different Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars from Iran

The morphological traits, essential oil composition, and anthocyanin content of 17 Iranian C. morifolium cultivars were evaluated. Based on Shannon diversity index (I), such morphological characters as flower head diameter, ray floret, shape of apex, and main color of ray floret revealed more variability than the other traits. Significant genotypic variations were also observed in essential oil content (ranging from 0.1 to 0.56% (w/w)) and composition. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil was conducted to identify 47 compounds in which camphor (0–44.6%), chrysanthenone (0–48.96%), chrysanthenyl acetate (0–16.22%), verbenol (0–11.78%), (+)-5-epi-neointermedeol (0–25.41%), and aromadendrene (0–14.98%) were the main constituents. Results of cluster analysis of essential oil compositions divided the cultivars into four groups. Hybridization among cultivars of divergent clusters led to heterotic effects for flower quality and phytochemical characters. The relationships established between the components revealed high correlations of anthocyanin with the two major aroma compounds of verbenol and chrysanthenyl acetate while they also provided a clue to the association between aroma compounds and color pigmentation. Moreover, a correlation was established between chrysanthenone and flower head diameter (r = −0.502). Based on the results obtained, it might be suggested that smaller flowers are capable of accumulating higher amounts of chrysanthenone. Clearly, the associations between morphological traits and essential oil components provide new insights for improved breeding programs in chrysanthemum.

Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Aerial Parts of Iranian Tanacetum parthenium

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the essential oil, fatty acid, flavonoid, phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of oil from Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) wild grown and collected from north of Iran. Methods: The essential oil of aerial parts was analyzed by spectroscopy method (GC/MS using HP-5MS column) while the fatty acid content was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC/FID). Phenolic contents of the oil were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV) technique while total phenols and flavonoids were determined colorimetrically. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique. Results: In the essential oil thirteen compounds were characterized with camphor (43.97 %), chrysanthenyl acetate (12.46 %) and farnesol (7.54%) as the major components. Principal fatty acid components of the herb were palmitic acid (57.27%) and myristic acid (14.7%). HPLC analysis revealed that the cinnamic acid derivatives were the major compounds, with sinapic (3.86 ± 0.1 mg/g dw) and ferulic (2.59 ± 0.1 mg/g dw) acids being the predominant ones. Also, evaluation the bioactivity of the oil showed considerable antioxidant capacity (TPC = 152.8 ± 0.8 mg/g and DPPH = 73.8 ± 1.3 %). Conclusion: This study revealed that the essential oil was rich in camphor/chrysanthenyl acetate chemotype and different polyphenols in the category of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. In addition, this research demonstrated that the aerial parts of this aromatic herb were various sources of oily components, especially essential fatty acids.