Chronological Line Research Articles

Merv khans (using the materials of the 19th c.)

The article attempts to construct a chronology of the successive rule of the Merv khans. The authors briefly touch upon the nature of the khans’ electivity, since the very institution of this phenomenon is very extensive and its study is the subject of a separate study. A wide range of sources provided a clear look at the peculiarity of local government. The example of the Teke of Merv shows that the power as such remained in the hands of the heads of the tribal tribes. Difficult times united the local population and demanded nominating a single ruler capable of leading them, providing protection and stability. 19th c. is a difficult period in the history of Merv, when one ruler succeeded another. Sometimes, the power remained in the hands of the khans of the four Teke tribes, and the general decision was made during joint meetings — maslahat. Considering the sequence of the khan’s administration, a clear chronological line provides a correct look at the past of the Turkmens; in addition, it helps avoid an erroneous assessment of the phenomena and events of that time. The Merv khans personified the bright personalities of the 19th c. who, by their example and behavior, made an important and valuable contribution to the history of the Turkmen people. Using the historical-comparative method, as well as Turkmen, Persian, Khiva, Russian, and European materials, the author recreates the general political situation in the region. The given data allow us to conclude that despite the frequent disagreements of local rulers, the socio-political situation itself, full of difficult and dramatic moments, forced the khans to forget their personal ambitions, put forward a common leader and rally around him.

Considerações sobre o gênero Colletotrichum

The genus Colletotrichum is widely distributed, mainly in regions tropical and subtropical, however, some species are adapted to temperate regions. Based on the perception of its scientific and economic importance, Colletotrichum spp. is among the most important phytopathogenic fungi in the world. Its importance is given, mainly, for causing symptoms of anthracnose in several species of plants, mainly affecting the production of fruits of high value crops in the market, such as: strawberry, mango, citrus, avocado and banana, and crops of grains, such as: beans, soybeans, sorghum and corn. This work gathered some of the main information published until 2022, mainly on the taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum, in a chronological line of the main events from the 18th to the 21st centuries, with the objective of describing its morphology, geographic distribution, pathology, style of life, genetics and phylogeny, aiming to subsidize complementary studies of the genus

Interferences Between Tradition and Modernity in the Symphonic and Concerto Works by Adrian Pop – (1) The Cello Concerto

"The present study marks the beginning of a series of analytical undertakings focused on the symphonic and concerto works by the Cluj composer Adrian Pop. Following the pieces’ chronological line and keeping as a reference their common source of inspiration – the Romanian folklore – the conclusions aim to reveal the way in which the author’s individuality relates to the tendencies of contemporary language, as well as the European music tradition, without overshadowing our autochthonous stylistic matrix. Starting from a carol taken from Sabin Drăgoi’s collection of 303 Carols, the discourse of the Cello concerto provides a masterly example of how the variational technique is applied in the processing and development of microstructural elements, whose archaic essence is preserved and amplified both at the moment of the explicit exposure of the original melody in the second part (following its „genesis” throughout the first part), and during the effervescent unfolding of the final movement. Keywords: folklore, carol, variation, development, tradition, modernity"

Chronological line of royal-treasurer and question of Shota-royal treasurer’s personality

Chronological line of royal-treasurer and question of Shota-royal treasurer’s personality

‘How Did This Happen?’: Making Retrospective, Present and Prospective Sense of Intimate Relationships Where Men Have Been Violent

In seeking to explain intimate partner violence (IPV), feminist research has shifted its focus from individual explanations to the social contexts of such violence. Adopting such a perspective, we explore the narratives of three men who identify as perpetrators of violence and three women who identify as victims/survivors of IPV. Our analyses focus on how the participants present their relationships, employing the notion of affective – discursive practices as informing, at times constituting, the participants’ experiences. Their stories are characterised by a chronological line – retrospective, present and prospective. Their understandings change in framing their experiences, with the relationships themselves becoming affective–discursive practices, albeit figuring differently in the participants’ stories across time. Our findings also underline the significance of shame as a regulatory mechanism sustaining heteronormative practices.

M. H. Maxy: de la avangardă la socialism

„M. H. Maxy: from avant-garde to socialism”, opened on the 28th of December 2023 at the Romanian National Museum of Art, uses a chronological line of events to bring up to date the image of Max Herman Maxy (1895 – 1971), seen as a leading artist with a significant role in the Romanian Avant-garde, but also as the first director of the Romanian National Museum of Art. Subsequently, his contribution to the development of the national art scene can’t be denied in art history. Furthermore, the opening was carefully chosen to mark a symbolic anniversary of 145 years since the first Romanian Jew obtained his citizenship, therefore enhancing the role that the Jew community had in the bloom and spread of the Avant-garde in Europe. The exhibition has a tacit dialogue to the main artistic events which celebrate Timișoara as The Cultural Capital of Europe 2023, the retrospectives dedicated to Victor Brauner and Constantin Brâncuși, suggesting the main artistic pillars in the dawn of Modern Romania.

Chronological line of royal-treasurer and question of Shota-royal treasurer’s personality

According to the researches important changes were made in the chronology of  royal treasurers in the XII-XIII centuries, patrimonial possessions and the origins and personalities of  the owners  of unknown mandates mentioned in the sources as unknown or debatable until now were ascertained , among them:1. We made some changes in the Genealogical Table of the feudal surname  “Toreli”,  we could find out that the surname “Toreli” was formed in the XII century, but in the X-XI centuries the surname “Toreli” was meant under the Gamrekelis patrimonial  2. We were also able to prove that  Shota,Gamrekeli,Beshkeni and Varazbakuri of Adzikvi inscription are son’s of  Kakha the I and they are neither the figures of  XII centuries first half nor representatives of  previous generation of Javakheti chief  lord.3. Hence we identified Shota Toreli(the son of Javakheti chief lord) with Shota a royal treasurer-Aghapi(Church funeral prayer) of Jerusalim Monastry of Cross and we believed that on this post he was a deputy of Abusalan the son of Iobi 4.We decided that famous brothers  Shalva and Ivane Akhaltsikhel-Toreli were this Shota’s inheritors 5.We could also learn the identity of  Mamurcha royal-treasurer and his role and place in the genealogical table,it was not known until now 6.We made some corrections in the order of successions in the XIII-XIV centuries,from the Torelis surname  the honour of royal-treasurer was passed to Fanaskerteli-chief  lord of Tao. The last  bearer of this name was Zaza Fanaskerteli-Tsitsishvili, he was the author of  a medical book  “Karabadini” .

Early Greek Philosophy on the Question of Life: Plants’ Physiology and Life from the Presocratics to Aristotle

Aristotle excluded plants from kinship with animals, but included them in the great chain of life. Provided with bare living functions, plants began to constitute a different and separated kind, holding a position that through Theophrastus would be appropriated by Linnaeus and would define modern botany and more. The aim of this essay is twofold: to discuss the conception of plants’ physiology and life in ancient philosophical doctrines while accounting for Aristotle’s exclusion. Rather than following a chronological line, I will start with Aristotle on the belief that he responded to the doctrines of the Presocratics. He assigned to plants a φύσις (nature) of their own, incompatible with that of animals, and thus broke the continuity among forms of life that held together the living world for the early Greek philosophers, students of nature (φυσιόλογοι). Prior to Aristotle, I will argue, plants were seen as full-fledged living beings (ζῷα) sharing many characteristics with animals, including a similar physiology and capacities.

Basic Features of Funeral and Memorial Rites in the Forest-steppe Altai in the First Millennium

The article deals with the issues of general theoretical nature related to the problem of determining local cultural traditions. The processes of settling the forest-steppe Altai by the tribes of the Kulaiskaya archaeological culture, which laid the basis for the formation of the Altai variant of the culture, have been briefly characterized. The settlement began in the 4th-3d centuries BC with the infiltration of small groups of the population of the Novosibirsk variant of the Kulaiskaya culture into the local environment, then it was followed by migration flows of representatives of the Sarovskii stage of the Kulaiskaya culture from the territories of the Tomsk Ob region at the end of the 2nd century BC, which led to a change in the culture of the aboriginal population. The formation of the Altai variant of the Kulaiskaya culture took place on the basis of cultural interaction of the alien Kulaiskaya culture population of the Sarovskii stage with the local population belonging to the Staroaleiskaya and Kamenskaya cultures, which led to the appearance of sites of the final Fominskii stage. Chronological line of the turning points of the local cultural traditions (2nd century AD) has been determined in the article. It characterizes the main features of the funeral and memorial rites of the new population that can be considered local from that moment. Those traditions can be seen as basic, the sources of further development and transformation of funeral and memorial traditions of the forest-steppe Altai throughout the 1st millennium.

Magritte et les Philosophes [Magritte and the Philosophers

Magritte et les Philosophes [Magritte and the Philosophers

Investigar en la cárcel: sentires alrededor de intentos de cierre

I began my research in prisons in 2007 and, since then, I tried several times to close this door. Inspired by auto ethnography method, I share an intimate way of writing that gives an account on investigation processes, emotions, experiences, questionings about my life around prison. Within all my attempts to close, until today, none has been conclusive. From Lima to Mexico City, from my Master to my actual research, this paper follows a chronological line and crosses experiences, emotions and considerations on time in investigation and the challenges that the pandemic situation implies.

Covid-19 e as decisões governamentais no retorno presencial de uma rede privada de ensino do DF: um relato da equipe de psicologia escolar

O artigo problematiza o retorno presencial de alunos da Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental I, de uma rede privada de ensino, em meio à pandemia da Covid-19. Analisou-se as ações amparadas pelo governo do Distrito Federal e a realidade das famílias de uma escola particular, buscando identificar os fatores que influenciaram o posicionamento dos responsáveis, no sentido de permitir o retorno de seus filhos à frequência presencial. A investigação metodológica foi por meio do relato de experiência, comparando-se as análises de questionários de satisfação enviados às famílias sobre as aulas on-line e pesquisas diretas, com o único intuito de conhecer o quantitativo das famílias com interesse no retorno presencial, e associando essas análises aos diferentes decretos publicados no DODF. Concomitantemente, há o respaldo bibliográfico em relação ao cenário escolar, apresentando, dessa forma, outras experiências vivenciadas durante a pandemia. Após análise, a discussão seguiu uma linha cronológica de pensamento, em um primeiro momento debatendo sobre a educação a distância, trazendo seus vários desafios, tanto da perspectiva bibliográfica como da perspectiva da Equipe de Psicologia da escola em questão. Em um segundo momento discutiu-se sobre a mudança de perspectiva dos responsáveis, em relação ao retorno presencial, com as decisões governamentais do momento, apesar da ascensão dos casos de Covid-19, na média móvel. Conclui-se que a pandemia da Covid-19 determinou, de algum modo, um momento de resiliência e criatividade dos professores, ao mesmo tempo que provocou desgaste emocional na comunidade escolar, refletindo-se também, sobre as desigualdades sociais entre escolas públicas e particulares.

Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Fiziksel Engellilik: Zaman Çizelgesi

Fiziksel engelli bireyler de diğer engelli bireyler gibi toplumda özel bir konuma sahiptir. Bu bireyler için gerekli olan; toplumla bütünleşmelerini, toplum yaşamına uyumlarını kolaylaştıracak ve farklılıklarını giderecek olanakları sağlamaktır. Bu zaman çizelgesi, dünyada ve ülkemizde fiziksel engellilerin yaşamını etkileyen önemli olayların, bireylerin, grupların, kurumların, bazı teknolojilerin kronolojik gelişim çizgisini içererek, dünyada ve Türkiye'de fiziksel engellilerin yaşam kalitesini iyileştirme yönünde yapılan toplumsal, kültürel, siyasi, eğitimsel ve tıbbi girişimlerin tarih içindeki gelişimine olan farkındalığı artırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ДАТИРОВКА БИБЛЕЙСКИХ СОБЫТИЙ

The Dating of biblical events is legendary and weakly correlated with the bright astronomical phenomena described in the Chronicles and which can be identified with modern mathematical tools. According to the author this is due to false traditional chronology, erroneous geographical reference, and deliberate adaptation of phenomena and events by theologians and historians to established stereotypes. The study of ancient Chronicles, Biblical descriptions and his own reconstruction of the history of Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome and the chronology of monotheistic religions, allowed the author to uniquely link the chronological line of the past to the chain of historical events, characters and celestial occurrence. All astronomical phenomena of ancient Chronicles have found their exact identification with calculated Solar Eclipses and Zodiacs, which instrumentally confirms the correctness of the short chronology of the past and the author's reconstruction of history.

Эволюция палинокомплексов отложений аллювиальной формации Байкальской рифтовой зоны в неогене

Введение: В настоящее время остается не решенной проблема выделения стратонов в осадочных отложениях неогенового периода территории Байкальской рифтовой зоны. Для решения этого вопроса необходимо провести сопоставление результатов палинологических исследований отложений позднего кайнозоя Восточных Саян и южного побережья озера Байкал и их систематизацию в хронологическом ряду палеогена-неогена. Методика: Все образцы обрабатывались по сепарационному методу Гричука, который включает: обработку 10% соляной кислотой (HCl), щѐлочью (NaOH), плавиковой кислотой(HF) и тяжѐлой жидкостью (KJ+CdJ+H2O). После обогащения мацерат просматривался под микроскопом с увеличение х400-х600. Принадлежность спор и пыльцы к секциям, родам и видам определялась по признакам морфологического строения экзины, энтины, апертурного аппарата, пор и наличия борозд. Результаты и обсуждение: Описанный палинологический материал отложений озерно-аллювиальной формации южного побережья Байкала и осадочных образований, перекрытых базальтами тиссинской серии на территории Восточных Саян, сопоставлен с данными стратотипических разрезов прилегающих регионов. Это позволило обосновать соответствие полученных данных стратиграфическим рубежам региональной схемы неогена. В эоцене в общем составе пыльцы преобладают покрытосеменные. Последний этап олигоцен характеризуется преобладанием голосеменных. В нижнем миоцене также преобладает пыльца голосеменных, но в отличие от олигоцена увеличивается количество пыльцы покрытосеменных. Для среднего миоцена характерно богатое видовое разнообразие пыльцы как покрытосеменных, так и голосеменных пород. В плиоцене ведущее значение занимает пыльца голосеменных. Заключение: Детальный анализ состава палинокомплексов позволил впервые обозначить наличие на данной территории отложений палеогеновой системы и выстроить в хронологическом ряду спорово-пыльцевые комплексы неогена. На основе палинологических исследований в Байкальской рифтовой зоне, определены хронологические рубежи базальтовых покровов тиссинской серии, в рамках миоцена-нижнего плиоцена. А также возрастные границы толщ и свит озерно-аллювиальной формации южного побережья Байкала в рамках верхнего эоцена-нижнего плиоцена.

Dünyada ve Türkiye'de İşitme Engellilik: Zaman Çizelgesi

İşitme engelli bireyler toplumda özel bir konuma sahiptir. Bu bireyler için gerekli olan; toplumla bütünleşmelerini, toplum yaşamına uyumlarını kolaylaştıracak ve farklılıklarını giderecek olanakları sağlamaktır. Bu zaman çizelgesi, dünyada ve ülkemizde işitme engellilerin yaşamını etkileyen önemli tarihsel olayların, bireylerin, grupların, kurumların, bazı teknolojilerin kronolojik gelişim çizgisini içererek, dünyada ve Türkiye'de işitme engellilerin yaşam kalitesini iyileştirme yönünde yapılan toplumsal, kültürel, siyasi, eğitimsel ve tıbbi girişimlerin tarih içindeki gelişimine olan farkındalığı artırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

A transformação da comunicação tabagista: um estudo das estratégias da marca Marlboro

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as estratégias de comunicação utilizadas pela marca Marlboro desde 1924 até os dias atuais. Pretende-se: identificar as estratégias de comunicação e os tipos de campanha utilizados pela marca nesse período; verificar as recorrências e mudanças ocorridas no conteúdo das campanhas publicitárias da marca no período, com a elaboração de uma linha cronológica; descrever que aspectos da Lei Antifumo interferiram na campanha publicitária de cigarro e identificar as principais estratégias utilizadas desde então. Foram analisados: conteúdo das mensagens, tipos de campanha e estratégias de comunicação em anúncios publicitários da marca veiculados em revistas, no período de 1924 a 1998. Os resultados demonstram que a marca utilizou várias estratégias de comunicação, porém a mais utilizada foi a de posicionamento, e os tipos de campanha mais utilizados pela marca foram de propaganda, lançamento e institucional. Como conclusão, o estudo apresenta a evolução da publicidade dessa marca tabagista que conseguiu se manter como a primeira no mercado.

ANÁLISE DA ESTRATÉGIA DE INOVAÇÃO NO SETOR DE ENTRETENIMENTO AUDIOVISUAL SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO CICLO DE VIDA DO PRODUTO

This article approaches the strategy as a theme, this being one of the areas of Production Engineering, which is responsible for the sectorial analysis of products and services, pondering environments in order to generate competitive advantages through the elaboration of strategies to maintain alliances and networks throughout the jail. In this area, the product life cycle, stands out, which has its trajectory defined in four phases, ranging from its introduction in the market until its decline. From a qualitative analysis and case study method and comparison, with the aid of bibliographical research, it is proposed in this article to carry out a sectoral analysis of evolution and innovation in the audiovisual entertainment segment, comparing the life cycles of similar products, but with different technologies. In order to provide the best understanding on the subject, it was illustrated by a graph, a chronological line on the life cycle of these products and their respective phases, showing the importance of technological evolution and innovation for the generation and development of strategy and market competitiveness

A Response to the Special Issue Contributors

ABSTRACTUpon reading the papers, it quickly became apparent the order in which I should respond to them. For they followed more or less a chronological line beginning with my early work leading up to the publication of Leftist Theories of Sport (1994), continuing to my middle work that included the publication of my second book Why Sports Morally Matter (2006) and some published essays on doping, and concluding with my most recent work from 2012 to the present on normative theory and conventions. My response will accordingly be divided into three parts. The first part will concern the papers that deal with my early work (Hyland, Loland, Dixon and Kretchmar), the second part to papers that deal with my middle work (Schneider, Bloodworth, McNamee and Jacques) and the third and last part to my most recent work on normative theory and conventions (Durbin, McFee and Russell).

La postura dell’esule

The relationship between the philosopher Walter Benjamin and the playwright Bertolt Brecht opens to original theoretical implications. This paper highlights some of them, bound to the artwork and the role of the intellectual. Following a chronological line, it depicts the idea that this encounter had been extraordinary and misunderstood both from the Institut für Sozialforschung and the Jew Academic School, represented by Gershom Scholem.