Chronological Limits Research Articles

Kultura castro oraz procesy celtyzacji i romanizacji na terenie Galicii w Hiszpanii

The Castro Culture occupies the area of northern-western part of Pyrenees (Galicia, the northern part of Portugal). Chronological limits according to the contemporary investigations are said to be from the 6th century В. C. till the end of the 1st century A. D., however some researchers claim that some significant elements of this culture lasted till the end of the 6th century A. D. The name of this culture as the archaeological notions was adopted in the 19th century and was specified by P. Bosch-Gimpera in 1932. Due to the existence of defensive settlements (castra) it was supposed that this culture was of Celtic origin. The eastern Trans-Pyrenees province of Galicians was also mentioned. Whereas, the notions Celtos and Castros were treated as synonyms (Jose Vera у Aguiar). The function of castra was differently interpreted either as tombs, sanctuaries or fortifications built in protection of tracks. Castra were also treated as areas with organized settlement (Murguia). Due to significant archaeological discoveries made in the end of the 19th century some very explicit cultural features of the regions occupied by defensive settlements of castro types are more clearly seen. Two main architectonic forms appearing in castra - i. e. buildings of ovate and orographic projection constructed of cast wall are distinguished. Specific style of decoration of pottery by means of die ornament was also notified. As compared to the rest of Iberian territory the specific jewelery, especially fibulas, torkwes, bracelets and earings were distinguished.

Hurbat Rosh Zayit and the Early Phoenician Pottery

The paper describes the pottery from Hurbat Rosh Zayit in the Lmver Galilee. This is a one-period site, rich in finds, with a proposed mid-ninth-century B.C. destruction attributable to Shalmaneser III in 841 B.C. This provides a terminus post quem for the local and Cypro-Phoenician pottery. The author suggests a mid-tenth to mid-ninth-centuries B.C. date for the pottery assemblage. These chronological limits provide a basis for more precise dating of other Phoenician and Cypriot pottery assemblages.

A Case of Academic Schizophrenia

p zERHAPS it is inappropriate to discuss an academic career in terms of abnormal psychology, but my scholarly enterprises have developed in two separate directions, embracing, on the one hand, early American intellectual history and, on the other, comparative literature, particularly the European Enlightenment, the Hispanic world, and western relations with China and Japan. Although nearly all of my books have been concerned with colonial or federal America, specifically with Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Jonathan Edwards, most of my university teaching has not touched early America at all. I do not complain of this apparent academic schizophrenia-indeed, I am grateful for it-but I do consider it paradoxical. I have already discussed my experiences as a comparatist in a special issue in I983 of the German periodical Arcadia honoring its editor, and so I shall limit myself here to early America. My grammar school training in the public school system of Buffalo, New York, was excellent, but my high school experience was a disaster. I am, nevertheless, grateful to Buffalo, where I was born in 1915, for its public library and Albright Art Gallery, both of which compensated for the dismal teaching and lackadaisical guidance of my high school and kept me from becoming a dropout during the Depression, the only period in the annals of American secondary education when students were being offered postgraduate courses in high school in order to keep them off the streets. Fortunately, during this difficult period I retained my love for books and respect for education as a cultural institution and harbored no doubts about the advantages of proceeding to college. As an undergraduate at Indiana University I intended to specialize in history, but because of the inspiring teaching method of one of my French professors, Bert Young, I decided to switch to literature. Since I realized that more jobs were available in English than in French, however, I expanded my areas of preparation, graduating with majors in history, English, French, and education. The teaching method of Professor Young that I greatly admired and have subsequently imitated as much as possible is that of assigning library research projects to be organized and delivered as class reports. With this method, the course content is open-ended except for chronological limits, and the object of instruction is the stimulation of individual mental development, not the transmission of a prescribed dosage of information. After Indiana, I moved to the University of Georgia for an M.A., motivated by a wanderlust which still lingers. During these years of economic stress, the Deep South was almost as exotic me for as Korea and

Displacement of receptivity for nidation in the rat by the progesterone antagonist RU 486: a scanning electron microscopy study.

In the rat, the period of receptivity for nidation (implantation window) is characterized by specific change of the apical surface of the luminal uterine epithelium, such as the presence of large ectoplasmic projections (pinopodes). Under the conditions of this study, fully developed pinopodes appeared during normal pseudopregnancy on day 5 only. When RU 486 (5 mg/kg s.c.) was given once on day 1, the chronological limits of the appearance of these projections were changed. Fully formed pinopodes were observed on days 6-8 instead of day 5, indicating a displacement and enlargement of the receptive period. This property of the progesterone antagonist could be of clinical interest if it could be used to enlarge the 'implantation window' in women after replacement of in-vitro fertilized eggs.

Measuring Changes in Movement Skills with Infants and Young Children with Handicaps

Posture and movement abilities are typically measured by assessments of achievements of motor milestone skills. Performance of a skill within appropriate chronological age limits is one dimension of posture and movement. Qualitative dimensions, including postural tone and the pattern of coordinated movement used in performance, are equally important with young children. This article describes a programmatic approach for measuring qualitative dimensions and performance of functional movement. Features of the approach include: (a) selection of intervention targets, (b) baseline assessment, (c) intervention sequences, (d) measurement, and (e) interpretation and decision making. Data that were collected, using this approach, with infants and young children enrolled in an early intervention program are presented to illustrate measurement and interpretation.

Italian literature on Thomas Hobbes after the Second World War Part II: 1956–1965

This bibliographical survey includes, in chronological order, the following items: (a) editions and translations of Hobbes's works; (b) both studies which are entirely dedicated to Hobbes's thought and those in which it is given an adequate importance, as well as university level manuals on the history of philosophy; (c) notes, monographs and the most significant dictionary and encyclopedia items; (d) Italian reviews of editions and translations of Hobbes's works and of papers entirely dedicated to him: (e) lus ty , foreign reviews of editions and translations of Hobbes's works published in Italy and of Italian studies dedicated to the author of Leviathan. The chronological limits of this bibliographical survey are due both to editorial reasons and, above all, to the, need to distinguish between the studies which appeared before and after the second World War. Indeed, the numerous studies on Hobbes published in Italy at an earlier date, although of value [I am thinking, in particular, of the three chapters on Hobbes in the volume by Giacomo Laviosa, La filosofia scientifica del diritto in Inghilterra. Studio storico-critico, Parte I: Da Bacone a Hume, Clausen, Torino, 1897, pp. 131-297; Giuseppe Tarantino, Saggio sulle idee morali e politiche di Tommaso Hobbes, Giannini, Napoli, 1900, 144 pp.; Rodolfo Mendel/o, Saggi per la storia della morale utilitaria. I: La morale di T. Hobbes, Drucker, Verona-Padova, 1903, 278 pp.; Vittorio Beonio-Brocchieri, Studi sulla filosofia politica di T. Hobbes, Bocca, Torino, 1927, 190 pp.; and Adolfo Levi, La filosofia di Tommaso Hobbes, Soeiet6 Editrice 'Dante Alighieri', Mflano-Roma, 1929, 423 pp.], are however, lacking the complexity and richness of the problems present in some books which were published immediately following the War and later on. Besides, it is in these latest publications [cf., particularly, those by Norberto Bobble, Arrigo Pacchi, Marie A. Cattaneo and by Aldo Gargani] that a real and true interest of Italian culture for Hobbes's philosophy becomes evident. This obviously does not remove the fact that my bibliographical research, begun some years ago [cf. Domenico Felice, 'Thomas Hobbes in Italia: bibliografia (1880-1981) ' ,

Size frequency analysis of tooth wear in spotted hyaenasCrocuta crocuta

The relative degree of attrition of the second lower premolar, in conjunction with suture coalescence and rate of closure of the pulp cavities of canine teeth, has been used to develop an ageclass schedule for spotted hyaenas, consisting of seven age classes ranging from the first year to 16 years and over. A size frequency analysis of the distribution of the areas of the occlusal surface of PM2 has been used to describe the different modes of wear, and chronological age limits are assigned to each mode by interpolation from the age-class schedule of Kruuk (1972).

The Ancient Near East and the Indo-European Problem: Temporal and Territorial Characteristics af Proto-Indo-European Based on Linguistic and Historico-Cultural Data

The main question associated with the problem of the actual existence of a common Indo-European proto-language in space and time is the question of chronology and the territory occupied by the Proto-Indo-European language, the break-up of which led to the formation of related historical dialects. The lower chronological limit for establishing the period of existence of a proto-language is deduced first of all on the basis of the dating of written evidence from the various historical languages deriving from it. In the case of Proto-Indo-European, this lower chronological limit post quern non is the turn of the third to the second millennium B.C., when we find the Languages of the Commonwealth Countries was established at earliest evidence of Hittite and other Anatolian languages.

Alfredo Frassati in the History and Historiography of Modern Italy

Previous articleNext article No AccessReview ArticleAlfredo Frassati in the History and Historiography of Modern ItalyJohn ThayerJohn Thayer Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 55, Number 2Jun., 1983 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/242472 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1983 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

L'Age du Fer au Cameroun

Abstract New radiocarbon (14 С and TL) tests of samples from Salak, Goray, Biou and Bidzar in northern Cameroun place the Iron Age in this area between the 5 th and 11 th centuries, A. D. Different dataings from upper — probably contaminated — levels would set the chronological limit in the 17 th or 18 th centuries, A.D.

Puritans and English Science: A Critique of Webster

T HERE IS REASON FOR HISTORIANS OF SCIENCE to reconsider the major thesis of Charles Webster's Great Instauration, a thesis now increasingly accepted as the new orthodoxy, that Puritanism fostered the upsurge of midseventeenth-century science. The Great Instauration, published in 1975 and favorably reviewed at the time, is an important book.1 It extends the work of Christopher Hill and others in relating the seventeenth-century scientific revolution to the political, social, and religious upheavals of the mid-century. Its scope, scholarship, and methodological variety well suit the first major attempt since Robert Merton to present the history of seventeenth-century as part of a contemporary intellectual debate. Webster's book shows how explanations of the natural order and methods for its control had their parallels in explanations of the social order and proposals for its reform. He demonstrates that seventeenth-century was not principally the pursuit of specialists who isolated their intellectual efforts from the rest of their lives and argues that it was instead carried out by reformers working with others fully committed to political, religious, and social revolution. In this waythrough the association of the like-minded-Webster relates the scientific revolution to the political revolution. It is, however, questionable whether Puritanism, the alleged link between these revolutions, is strong enough to bear the explanatory weight with which it has been credited. Webster's book treats of puritan science and its influence on midseventeenth-century tout court. He wishes to explore the ideological and political contexts of the work of Puritan scientists-scientists whose work did not directly culminate in the spectacular breakthrough usually treated as the core of the scientific revolution-in order to explain how, their worldview conditioned their attitudes to the natural world in particular and, as a consequence, how their scientific purposes, practices, and writings reflected their political and theological thought and influenced the that followed. It is this concern with a period of Puritan influence that sets the chronological limits of his work-the years 1626 to 1660, when the Puritan ideology of reform and the political revolution were conceived and

Frankfurter Judaistische Beitrāge, herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft zur Förderung judaistischer Studien in Frankfurt am Main e.V., Heft 5, Frankfurt am Main 1977, 101 S., paper (zu beziehen über obengenannte Gesellschaft, Postfach 970 134, D-6000 Frankfurt am Main 97)

94 or content to the Old Testament, 5) are (ideally) attributed to an Old Testament figure (p. 21). Applying these rules he comes to three categories of writings: 1) those who should certainly be included, 2) those who might be included, 3) a group consisting of works that are really beyond the chronological limits, or are included because of the default of other cate- gories. In the end CHnaLSSwoRTt3 treats them all, listing them alphabeti- cally according to pseudonyms or first key words. Each entry begins with a short introduction, giving the basic facts, the most important tools and notes

Les Provinces-Unies et les Lumières

Hans Bots and Jan De Vet : The united provinces and the enlightenment. The chronological limits of the Enlightenment in the U.P. are not those of England or France. «Enlightened » ideas circulated earlier, due tho the Revolt ; the bourgeois Revolution took place in the 1780s but the old structures of government were not removed until 1795. In addition, the particular charac¬ ter of the Enlightenment here is due to the fact the the optimistic faith in the perfectibility of man and society was accompanied by a belief in Christian revelation. The authors insist on the continuity of 16th-century Biblical humanism which inspired 18th-century tolerance, on the important mystical current, on the defenders of liberalism and the development of philosophy and literature ; on the role of learned societies and academies and the important part played by the U.P. in the diffusion of Enlightened ideas. The authors also emphasize the large extent to which this movement extended to all categories of society and was inspired by their rational Christian faith. The resulting hostility to materialism and free thought gave this Enlightenment its special character which is still to be studied in depth.

Evolution climatique de la fin du Würm récent et du Post-glaciaire d'après les remplissages des grottes et abris sous basaltiques du Velay.

The sedimentological study of 8 sites conducts to establish the climatic evolution from the Würm III end to the Post-Glacial end in the Velay and to state the position of industries in chronological limits.

Dialectics of historical development of national and world literature

It is probably correct to say that in recent times world philology, besides showing an interest in various quantitative methods of research, has been increasingly attracted by broad philosophicalhistorical examination of the major processes in literature. Evidence of this is found in the appearance of several types of research: comparative research into various national literatures within the chronological limits of the major literary periods (e.g., works differing in their subject material but similar by the very idea of synthesis in the field of Slav literature in ancient times ~ and in the nineteenth century; z study of the emergence and development of socialist artistic culture;Z research into the history of the multinational Soviet literature; a )

Dissertations on Hungarian History completed since 1920

This compilation was conceived as a means of encouraging research in Hungarian history. It is limited to dissertations completed for academic degrees in Austria, Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Unless otherwise noted, all entries refer to Ph. D. dissertations. In preparing the European entries, no attempt was made to distinguish between the degrees of Doctorat de Spécialité, Doctorat d'État, and Doctorat de l'Université, on the one hand, or Dissertationen and Habilitationsschriften, on the other. The chronological limits of the compilation extend from 1920 to 1972.

The Baltic wine trade 1563–1657

Abstract Wine is one of the easiest commodities to study in the Sound Toll Registers (STR). Firstly, it was the subject of a particular transit duty called the ‘thirtieth’, the origin of which is not well known,1 secondly, it was mentioned in the ‘shiff thold’ columns, which also give us the port of registry of each ship; finally, it occurs under ‘lastpenge’, of which one portion was specifically reserved for wine. The ease with which one may study the Baltic wine trade is illustrated by the edition of STR by N. Bang,2 known as the Sound Toll Tables (STT), though her work is notoriously unsystematic. In this paper, we shall first take a general view of the trade in the years 1563–1657 according to STT, then examine more closely four years, 1583, 1588, 1597 and 1600, investigated in STR, and end by estimating the real significance of the trade. The chronological limits select themselves: 1563 is the first year in STT of an unbroken series which mentions wines under the headings Hjemsted (home port) and Afg...

Currency and the Economy in Mid-Tudor England

T tHE study of English economic history in the early modern period has undergone a profound change during the last few decades for, as Prof. Fisher has remarked, statistical data have come increasingly to replace literary sources as the stuff upon which our interpretations of the past are based. Through statistical analysis insights into important problems, such as the geographical distribution of wealth, have become possible for the first time; conflicting and misleading figures-nowhere, perhaps, more apparent than in the broad field of government revenue-have been corrected; old indexes have yielded place to new; and almost everywhere it has become fashionable to underpin arguments with statistics of some kind. If the numerate historian has not yet provided a panacea-partly because there is seldom agreement as to what his statistics actually mean, and partly because he has not yet counted long enough or in sufficient fields-it still seems possible that in some areas and within carefully defined chronological limits sufficient has already been done to make substantial reinterpretation feasible. The appearance of Prof. Gould's book' marks this point in respect of currency and the economy in mid-Tudor England and it is some measure of the achievements of earlier generations of economic historians that he can attempt his task in under 200 pages. Broadly speaking, this study falls into two parts: the second, dealing with the exchange rate and the export trade, stemming from and being partly dependent upon the first which is devoted to an examination of the determinants of mint supply, the output of the mints, and the size of the circulating medium. In both parts, but particularly in the second, Prof. Gould is able to base himself firmly on earlier statistical compilations such as those of Prof. Carus-Wilson and Miss Coleman on exports, G. C. Brooke and Miss Stokes on coin output, and Dr van der Wee on exchange rates.2 Even in these areas, however, in the last resort his conclusions are the outcome of his own calculations, and in addition he presents a body of information-on the size of the circulating medium during the debasement, and the volume of cloth and wool exports, I 544/5-I 560/I -which he himself has derived first hand from manuscript sources. While Prof. Gould's book is

Contributo a problemi e aspetti formali dell'arte tardoantica

Contribution dealing with problems and formal aspects of Late Antique art: 1)The problems. Chronological limits of Late Antique art (the end of the 4th century). The disappearance of figurative artworks in the East. The different methods of production depending on the subjects (sarcophagus of the Musei Capitolini, sarcophagus of the Museo Pio Clementino). The contribution of J. Strzygowski (tomb of the Three Brothers at Palmyra). Studies dealing with the art of Rome: a dualistic (patrician-plebeian) or pluralistic vision of the subject. 2) The transformation of the objective understanding of shape. Introduction of the running drill (Sebasteion of Aphrodisias, Temple of Hadrian in the Campus Martius). Popular current in the West (stelai of the Museum of Worms, of the Museum of Hippo; reliefs of Ghirza, etc.) and in the East (stelai of the Museum of Bursa): their fundamental difference (schematism and abstraction). 3) Frontal pose and parataxis. 4) Popular currents in Asia Minor.

The unionist party and Ireland, 1906-10

The years 1906 to 1910 which form the chronological limits of this study bear witness to a decline in the importance of the Irish question in English politics. The nature of the legislative proposals of the liberal government during the earlier part of this period and the consequent vigorous reaction of the unionist opposition, culminating in the rejection of the budget of 1909 by the house of lords, ensured the temporary eclipse of home rule. The constitutional crisis arising out of the deadlock between the two houses of parliament continued throughout 1910 and 1911, and it is only in 1912, with the introduction of the third home rule bill, that Ireland once more assumes a pre-eminent place in English politics. The really decisive year, however, for the interpreter of the Irish policy of the unionist party is 1910.