Chronological Interval Research Articles

Возможные миры художественного текста: когнитивно-семантический аспект репрезентации времени (на материале романа В.В. Орлова «Альтист Данилов»)

This article studies the temporal organization of a literary text from the standpoint of a cognitive semantic approach. Literary time is considered in close connection with the meanings that form the semantic space of a text. The correlation of events within which literary time is manifested shows the direction of literary time, which, in its turn, participates in the formation of thinkable worlds. The study aimed to determine and describe the features of the construction of thinkable worlds within the literary time semantically marked in a literary text. The practical significance of the research lies in identifying and describing the principles of structuring possible worlds by means of their temporal coordinates, representing a synthesis of a hero’s physical and psychological time, with the inclusion of markers of historical time in the semantic space of a literary text. The author studied V.V. Orlov’s novel Danilov, the Violist using the inductive-deductive and comparative methods, cognitive and semantic analysis, as well as philological interpretation. A conclusion is drawn that literary time in this novel is of great importance for the organization of thinkable worlds. Its most frequent markers are segodnya (‘today’) and teper’ (‘now’), lexicalizing the cognitive and semantic features of a world which reminds the reader of objective reality, albeit distant in historical time, as well as of a fantasy world, whose properties are unreal. Orlov creates a synthesis of the hero’s physical and psychological time, which can also include historical time (in that case, the reader’s background knowledge is involved, making it possible to correctly decode precedent phenomena). The semantics of literary time in the novel is hierarchical and systemic: textual representatives manifest both universal ideas about time and author’s individual variability in the perception of chronological intervals, which affects the emotional sphere of the reader.

Українсько-польські мовні контакти в другій половині ХVІ – першій половині ХVІІ ст.

Ukrainian Polonistics has comprehensive studies tracing UkrainianPolish linguistic contacts over various chronological intervals. Despite this, the «golden» period of Ukrainian culture remains a relevant subject of study, spurred by the penetration of European cultural, architectural, and painting trends and genre-style and lexical enrichment through Polish mediation. This article examines the penetration and functioning of the lexeme сеймъ and its phonetic-graphic variants сеимъ, соимъ and съемъ, which were used in different genre-stylistic affiliations with the same semantics in written Ukrainian monuments from the second half of the 16th to the 17th century. These texts reveal the uneven distribution of this lexeme on Ukrainian linguistic ground, limiting its use to official texts from the Right Bank and works of other genres, including chronicles, poetry, etc., predominantly in the western and northern parts of the Left Bank The initial penetration of the variant соимъ into the Ukrainian language occurred under the influence of legal official texts, particularly the Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as the most authoritative legislative sources that, due to the presence of such a social institution, facilitated the consolidation of this term in the Ukrainian language, which, however, in the 20th century, under the influence of the Soviet government's language policy, shifted into the passive vocabulary. Simultaneously, derivatives сеимикъ and соимикъ penetrated the Ukrainian language, serving to denote regional assemblies where decisions of the corresponding level were made. The words сейм, сеймик, сойм and соймик have been codified in lexicographical works with stylistic differentiation: the variants сойм, соймик are qualified as historicisms. We see research prospects for expanding and deepening the chronotope of the source base for Ukrainian-Polish linguistic contacts.

Architectural activity in the structure of the Vladivostok city government: the beginning of the 20TH century

The architectural activities of Vladivostok’s municipal government (city council and management) can be divided into two chronological intervals. The initial stage (1875-1898), considered by the author elsewhere, was a period of organization and appointment of the first city architect and definition of his duties, surveying and landscaping of the city’s central area, and construction of the first stone public and residential buildings for the civilian population. This publication continues the study of the planning, design and construction activities of Vladivostok’s municipal architects and engineers from the early 20th century until the revolutionary events of 1917. A characteristic feature of the time under consideration is periods of decline in design and construction (1898-1905); and activation in 1906-1917, directly related to events in the city, region, and the world. The study examines objects erected by the municipal authorities and city management structure, and presents a list of city architects, engineers and technicians. The publication is based on information from the Commemorative Books of the Primorye Region, early 20th century periodicals of Vladivostok, and funds of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East.

Unexpected Find of a Buttonquail (Aves: Charadriiformes: Turnicidae) in the Lower Pleistocene of Crimea.

Buttonquails (family Turnicidae of the order Charadriiformes) are a morphologically specialized group of small, predominantly tropical birds of open landscapes, which is extremely poorly represented in the fossil record. The article describes a fragmentary humerus of a buttonquail from the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida Cave in central Crimea. This is the first find of the family Turnicidae in Eurasia in a chronological interval from the Pliocene through the Middle Pleistocene. The find highlights the limited nature of available information on the taxonomic composition of Early Quaternary Eurasian avifaunas, even at the family level, and sheds light on the Late Cenozoic evolutionary history of Turnicidae.

Publishing Memoirs of Russian Historians of the Late 20<sup>th</sup> – Early 21<sup>st</sup> Century: Practices and Issues

The article reviews the memoirs of historians written and published at the end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century. Among the large number (about a hundred) of texts, it selects about twenty that meet the following criteria: 1) written by specialists in the history of Russia, who continued their research work in the last third of the 20th century; 2) created and published after the early 1990s; 3) published as separate books. The research aims to analyze the current practice of publication, identify the main editorial, ethical and legal problems, and ways to solve them. Selected texts are divided into two groups: fifteen were published by the authors themselves and four – by other persons. Publications of the second group meet the requirements of edition archaeography to a greater extent, especially in the correct usage of the academic systems for referring to references. The first group does not always show a clear dependence between the nature of the publication and the qualifications of the publisher. The publications of both groups contain critical opinions about contemporaries and even mention specific names. Ethical and legal issues examined in this research include the publication of similar information, the chronological interval between the creation and publication of texts, and the admissibility of a text with omissions. The article discusses different opinions of well-known experts and their arguments in favor of various solutions. The article concludes by arguing that the publishers of other people's memoirs usually consider the copyright holder's opinion. At the same time, established practice and scientific discussions show that there are still unresolved issues. It emphasizes a need for considering these issues, complying with the norms of the law, and reasonably compromising.

Rural residences of Wrocław burghers in the 13th-16th centuries

The article discusses the issue of latemedieval and early-modern manor houses of Wrocław citizens, located in their rural properties. Many of them, located in the close vicinity of Wrocław, were destroyed as a result of the spatial development of the urban agglomeration, others are usually poorly researched archaeologically and architecturally. For this reason, and in accordance with the requirements of historical archaeology, this issue has been analyzed using a maximum variety of sources: written, archaeological, architectural, cartographic and iconographic. The article includes examples of manor houses built by the citizens of Wrocław as well as those that originally belonged to dukes or knights. The key issues to which special attention has been given are the chronology and formal classification of objects as well as their functions and significance for their founders and owners. The issue was discussed in four chronological intervals, basically reflecting the economic, social and political changes that influenced the development of Silesian defensive-residential buildings.

Electricity Consumption (kW) Forecast for a Building of Interest Based on a Time Series Nonlinear Regression Model

This paper investigates the relationship between a building's past energy consumption and the outdoor temperature and predicts the next day's energy consumption using a refined time series model. Maintaining optimal indoor temperatures relative to outdoor temperatures determines a building's HVAC demand and, thus, energy consumption. We want to determine how outdoor temperature and other factors determine this consumption. With increasing urbanization and energy demand, it is important to understand building energy consumption, especially in terms of its impact on the environment. Previous research has shown the link between electricity consumption and external environmental factors and highlighted energy optimization's importance in urban structures. As cities become large energy consumers, studies point to the need to understand energy use patterns on a regional and temporal scale.
 For accurate energy forecasts, data becomes the linchpin. Time series—data points arranged in chronological intervals—are foundational in predictive modeling. Due to buildings' intricate electricity consumption patterns, traditional linear forecasting often falls short. Enter nonlinear regression models: These complex models are apt for mapping and predicting nonlinear data trends. Notwithstanding their advantages, they come with challenges, primarily the high-frequency data influx from smart meters and IoT devices. But their potential benefits - from cost savings to efficient energy management - are significant. In a world caught between urban expansion and ecological preservation, efficient energy management is crucial. Accurate energy forecasting, especially for buildings, combines technological advances, statistical acumen and environmental imperatives. Understanding building energy consumption using sophisticated nonlinear regression models is evolving from an academic goal to a global necessity.

Orbitally‐driven Palaeogene to Neogene deposition in the western South Atlantic (Espírito Santo Basin) and its correlation with global sea level

ABSTRACTOver the last 66 million years, Earth has undergone dramatic climate changes, shifting from a warm greenhouse to the more recent cold icehouse with polar ice caps in both hemispheres. Geological records show that the transition between these equilibrium states caused significant long‐term eustatic sea‐level and atmospheric CO2 decline paced by external orbital motions. Such eustatic variability influenced the stacking pattern of sedimentary successions, generating cyclic sequence boundaries that may be globally correlated. However, the impact of such oscillation along the Brazilian margin is largely unknown. This study used the natural gamma‐ray log from a well (ES‐2) at the offshore Espírito Santos Basin (western South Atlantic) measured between late‐Palaeocene and late‐Miocene. Null hypothesis tests ‐ evolutionary Average Spectral Misfit and Correlation Coefficient of no orbital modulation ‐ were executed to confirm the influence of astronomical parameters. The evolutionary Time Optimization algorithm was used to extract the sedimentation rate and depositional time. The anchored timescale shows a chronological interval placed between 58.97 and 7.72 ± 0.1 Ma (mid‐Thanetian – late Tortonian), mostly influenced by long‐eccentricity and short‐eccentricity (405 kyr and ca 100 kyr, respectively) and obliquity (ca 40 kyr) and their respective amplitude modulations (ca 2.4 Myr and 1.2 Myr). Applying the Integrated Prediction Error Filter Analysis and a high‐resolution age model, this study identified main depositional trends through time and correlated them to global sea‐level change. The correlation indicates that several intervals of global sea‐level reduction agree with a regressive trend at the ES‐2 site, but this relation is affected during enhanced regional tectonic activity intervals, as related to the emplacement of the Abrolhos Archipelago. The strategy adopted here is a way to join cyclostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy, and promotes high‐resolution local‐to‐global correlation by identifying key stratigraphic surfaces. This will be relevant for palaeoclimatic studies and the geoscientific industry.

Construction of residential quality assessment system using factor analysis method based on residents’ satisfaction survey: case study of Beijing, China

ABSTRACT The quality evaluation of urban residence is an important part of urban residents’ health and urban sustainable development. In recent years, different evaluation systems related to green buildings have been proposed, but the system for conducting comprehensive quality evaluations of residential areas still needs improvement. Taking Beijing, China, as an example, this study surveyed the residential communities at four chronological intervals and proposes an evaluation system that includes 75 indices to conduct research on and analyze on a total of 60 households in 48 communities using an offline survey; a total of 6834 online questionnaires obtained in the study, and the factor analysis method was used to analyze the residential evaluation system. Through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and factor analysis with key contributions of different indices, the following 13 regrouped and renamed indices were created for the new assessment system: ecology, facilities, security, quality of peripheral facilities, kitchen and bathroom facilities, children-friendly, entertainment, thermal quality, room quality, engineering quality, smart operation, building performance, and maintenance. Finally, according to the outcome of the survey completed in Beijing, this study defined five intervals of score to classify the residential communities into highly dissatisfactory, dissatisfactory, average, relatively satisfactory and highly satisfactory ranges. The 48 residential communities in Beijing had an average overall final score (4.18908). This study can facilitate those who would like to develop related standards of residential quality assessment.

The Learning Curve for Advanced Endoscopy for Colorectal Lesions: A Surgeon's Experience at a High-Volume Center.

Advanced endoscopy can be utilized for complete removal of large colorectal polyps. To date, few surgeons perform advanced endoscopy, and it is unknown how many procedures are needed to reach proficiency. To determine the learning curve for colorectal advanced endoscopy. Retrospective. Tertiary referral center. We queried a prospectively maintained institutional database of advanced endoscopy performed by a high-volume colorectal surgeon between 2011 and 2018. Advanced endoscopy characteristics were compared for 6 chronological intervals. Primary endpoints were the rates of complications and polyp recurrence. Secondary endpoint was the change in polyp removal rate (mm/hour) over time. Proficiency was defined as achieving low complication and polyp recurrence rates, high en-bloc resection rate, and an efficient removal rate, equivalent to the median polyp size per hour. Total of 207 patients underwent advanced endoscopy for a single colorectal polyp. Median polyp size was 30 (4-70) mm, 61.5% were located in right colon, and 8.8% were malignant. Mean procedure time was 77 (range, 16-320) minutes. Immediate colon resection occurred in 25 patients due to suspicion of cancer or concern for perforation and were excluded from learning curve analysis. The remaining 182 advanced endoscopy procedures were divided into intervals of 30 procedures. Median removal rate was highest in the last interval and in the endoscopy suite. A removal rate of 30 mm/hour was achieved after performing 100 cases. Complication rate (bleeding or return to OR) was 12.1% and was similar across intervals. Readmission rate was 11.5%, and 6.6% of 6-month follow-up colonoscopies showed polyp recurrence at the resection site. Retrospective design, single surgeon. The learning curve for achieving proficiency with advanced endoscopy in the colon and rectum requires a minimum of 100 cases with a low complication rate, low polyp recurrence rate, high en-bloc resection rate, and a polyp removal rate of 30mm/hr.

Spearheads of boar-spear and peaks from the collection of the Nizhniy Novgorod State historical and architectural museum-park

In this article we introduced into scientific turnover four spearheads of long-barreled weapons from the collection of the Nizhny Novgorod state Historical and Architectural Museum-park. The first three tips were among the old receipts of the museum, their origin is unknown. The fourth exemplar was transferred to the museum in 1923 or 1925 by the son of famous photographer and collector of antiquities A. O. Karelin (Nizhny Novgorod). The place of acquisition of the tip by the photographer is unknown. We analyzed the design features of the spearheads, clarified the chronological framework, the area and extent of distribution of such products. In the analysis and interpretation of materials, a comparative historical method was used to determine the analogies of the tips. The first three exemplars can be characterized as hollow tips with a wide elongated-triangular and elongated-rhombic feather and an unconnected seam on the sleeve. A wide, massive feather allows them to be attributed to boar-spears (rоgatina) – a popular type of long-shaft weapons in Russia of the XV–XVII centuries. The analysis and the search for analogies made it possible to date them with a wide chronological interval of the XVI–XVII centuries. Such weapons were used by Russian warriors, primarily «infantry» – convoy servants, militia, city Cossacks, etc., since at the specified time long-shaft weapons were rarely found in the arms of nobles and boyar children, and if they were, then more often in the form of spades and spears. Similar aspearheads date back to local samples of pre-Mongol time. The fourth copy is defined as the tip of the Cossack «statutory» pike of the sample of 1839.

Management of patients with multiple primary сancer in the practice of a modern oncologist. Case report and literature review

The purpose of the study. Multiple primary malignant neoplasms or polyneoplasia are a phenomenon of tumorigenesis and one of the little-studied categories in modern clinical oncology. The increase in the cancer incidence, as well as the need to make difficult decisions about further treatment strategy, enhance the relevance of studying multiple primary malignant neoplasms. This review discusses the current positions of medicine in relation to this category of malignant neoplasms, and presents a case report of a patient with this disaese. Material and methods. We have analyzed the results of international studies on the management of patients with multiple primary cancer. the search for relevant sources was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline systems with a chronological interval of 2016–2021. of the analyzed studies, 60 were used to compile a systematic review with a case report. Results. The analysis showed that timely diagnosis and improvement of cancer screening programs are necessary to improve the control of these tumors. Psychological work with a patient, strengthening of his commitment to therapy and the implementation of medical recommendations are integral parts of improving cancer care for patients with such disease. Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of multiple primary malignant tumors requires long-term follow-up of a large population, taking into account genetic factors, environmental factors, exposure to smoking and nutrition, and comorbid pathology. Timely diagnosis and improvement of cancer screening programs are necessary to improve the control of multiple primary malignant tumors.

Погребение среднесарматской культуры курганного могильника Песчаный IV: результаты сравнительно-типологического, радиоуглеродного и изотопного исследований

The paper addresses the results of the study of a rich Middle Sarmatian female burial (end of the 1st century BC — first half of the 1st century AD) discovered in the Sal-Manych steppe, on the border between the Rostov Oblast and Kalmykia. The funerary rite and goods are typical for elite burials of the Middle Sarmatian culture (diagonal burial in a large rectangular pit with a recess, two cast bronze cauldrons, clothes with golden elements, imported fibulae, a gem). The authors have conducted the comparative and typological analysis of chronological indicators found among the grave goods, as well as radiocarbon dating, which allowed to narrow down the chronological interval for the burial. Study of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes ratio from the buried woman’s dental enamel and background samples from the studied region have showed that the Sarmatian woman buried in the Peschany IV barrow group was of local origin. The interdisciplinary approach allowed to reconstruct the life story of the buried woman and her grave goods.

On the Kernel and Related Problems in Interval Digraphs

Given a digraph G, a set \(X\subseteq V(G)\) is said to be an absorbing set (resp. dominating set) if every vertex in the graph is either in X or is an in-neighbour (resp. out-neighbour) of a vertex in X. A set \(S\subseteq V(G)\) is said to be an independent set if no two vertices in S are adjacent in G. A kernel (resp. solution) of G is an independent and absorbing (resp. dominating) set in G. The problem of deciding if there is a kernel (or solution) in an input digraph is known to be NP-complete. Similarly, the problems of computing a minimum cardinality dominating set or absorbing set or kernel, and the problems of computing a maximum cardinality independent set or kernel, are all known to be NP-hard for general digraphs. We explore the algorithmic complexity of these problems in the well known class of interval digraphs. A digraph G is an interval digraph if a pair of intervals \((S_u,T_u)\) can be assigned to each vertex u of G such that \((u,v)\in E(G)\) if and only if \(S_u\cap T_v\ne \emptyset \). Many different subclasses of interval digraphs have been defined and studied in the literature by restricting the kinds of pairs of intervals that can be assigned to the vertices. We observe that several of these classes, like interval catch digraphs, interval nest digraphs, adjusted interval digraphs and chronological interval digraphs, are subclasses of the more general class of reflexive interval digraphs—which arise when we require that the two intervals assigned to a vertex have to intersect. We see as our main contribution the identification of the class of reflexive interval digraphs as an important class of digraphs. We show that while the problems mentioned above are NP-complete, and even hard to approximate, on interval digraphs (even on some very restricted subclasses of interval digraphs called point-point digraphs, where the two intervals assigned to each vertex are required to be degenerate), they are all efficiently solvable, in most of the cases linear-time solvable, in the class of reflexive interval digraphs. The results we obtain improve and generalize several existing algorithms and structural results for subclasses of reflexive interval digraphs. In particular, we obtain a vertex ordering characterization of reflexive interval digraphs that implies the existence of an \(O(n+m)\) time algorithm for computing a maximum cardinality independent set in a reflexive interval digraph, improving and generalizing the earlier known O(nm) time algorithm for the same problem for the interval nest digraphs. (Here m denotes the number of edges in the digraph not counting the self-loops.) We also show that reflexive interval digraphs are kernel-perfect and that a kernel in such digraphs can be computed in linear time. This generalizes and improves an earlier result that interval nest digraphs are kernel-perfect and that a kernel can be computed in such digraphs in O(nm) time. The structural characterizations that we show for point-point digraphs, apart from helping us construct the NP-completeness/APX-hardness reductions, imply that these digraphs can be recognized in linear time. We also obtain some new results for undirected graphs along the way: (a) We describe an \(O(n(n+m))\) time algorithm for computing a minimum cardinality (undirected) independent dominating set in cocomparability graphs, which slightly improves the existing \(O(n^3)\) time algorithm for the same problem by Kratsch and Stewart; and (b) We show that the Red-Blue Dominating Set problem, which is NP-complete even for planar bipartite graphs, is linear-time solvable on interval bigraphs, which is a class of bipartite (undirected) graphs closely related to interval digraphs.

Occupation and management of Bergerac territory between 250 and 35 Kans: testing a techno-economic overview

Abstract. In this work, we propose to examine human activities from 72 occupations within a well-defined territory, the Bergeracois, during the Pleistocene between 250 and 35 ka. The study is based on bibliographical data stemming from programmed excavations and from rescue archaeology operations undertaken in this area (installation of rings roads around Bergerac and the Creysse municipality). In particular, this overview focuses on the behavioural evolution of acquisition strategies for raw materials, the technical systems that were implemented, as well as the different functions of and uses for the tools produced. Inferences may then be drawn regarding the mobility strategies of human groups within this lithological territory and its particularities within a larger regional framework. Before proposing a diachronic overview on these various issues, we shall differentiate, and detail four ensembles present within this significant period spanning from the end of the Acheulean to the beginning of the upper Palaeolithic. This differentiation is based on defined chronological intervals (occupations dating to prior to the Eemian period and those belonging to the period between the Eemian and approximately 40 ka), as well as on techno-cultural characterizations (Chatelperronian and early Aurignacian).

Лесостепное Подонье на рубеже плейстоцена и голоцена и проблема трансформации индустрий "переходного периода"

The article discusses the problem of transition from the Paleolithic to theMesolithic through the prism of industry transformation. For the territory of the Middle Don, it was previously considered by P.I. Boriskovsky, S.N. Zamyatnin, V.P. Levenk, A.A. Formozov, A.N. Bessudnov, A.A. Bessudnov, and I.V. Fedyunin. The first monograph on the Mesolithic of the Middle Don concluded that there was no continuity between the Late Paleolithic and Early Mesolithic industries. The materials of the study were industries and faunal remains of sites, natural-scientific reconstructions of the natural environment in the Final Paleolithic and Early Mesolithic of the forest-steppe Podonye. The main research methods were: technical and typological analysis and synthesis, generalization of the data of the reference monuments of the Pleistocene and Holocene boundary. In the Late Glacial period, the upper reaches of the Don and its course up to the mark of modern Voronezh were occupied by periglacial tundra, to the south all the spaces of the Don basin, including the Azov Sea, were occupied by periglacial steppes. The border of the forest-steppe and steppe zones actually corresponded to the modern one. Within the interval of the Bølling (warming, 12.4–12 thousand years BP) – the Older Dryas (cooling, 12–11.8 thousand years BP) – the Allerød (warming, 11.8–10.9 thousand years BP), the periglacial hyperzone disintegrates. The Oldest Dryas was the time of a continental climate with very harsh winters and hot summers. The Allerød was an analogue of the Bølling with a more oceanic and humid climate. At the beginning of the Holocene, climatic characteristics approached modern standards. In the Late Glacial period (21–12 cal. thousand years BP), the faunal complex was formed by mammoth, horse, bison, reindeer, wolf, arctic fox, hare, woolly rhinoceros, tur, spotted hyena, and wolverine. In the Holocene, the composition of the animal world and, accordingly, the objects of hunting/gathering change. In all the studied sites of the Final Paleolithic and the Early Mesolithic there is a horse; elk bones were found at the sites of Samotoyevka, Plautino 2, Borshchevo 2. A certain part of the diet of the population of Nazarovka were mollusks. The available data show an intermittent picture of the development of the cultures of the Final Paleolithic and the Early Mesolithic in the forest-steppe Don, with which researchers who consider the problem from a migration perspective agree. The reasons may be related both to the large number of chronological gaps between the dated monuments and to the nature of human adaptation to new conditions. For the group of monuments related to the Zamyatninsky culture, there is no reliable data on the genesis and manifestation of stable features in the industries of the final Paleolithic. The Borshchevo II industry with three cultural layers may be autochthonous in the chronological interval under consideration, but the example of this monument within the Kostenkovsko-Borshchevsky district is unique and isolated. In the local Mesolithic, the legacy of these industries does not manifest itself. In turn, the sites of the early Mesolithic of the Zimovnik culture have no genetic roots in the Final Paleolithic of the forest-steppe Podonye.

Новые данные по хронологии и стратиграфии памятника Ракушечный Яр

Rakushechny Yar site, located in the Lower Don basin, is a multilayered floodplain settlement with a series of buried soils, where Neolithic-Eneolithic and Bronze Age cultural layers have been investigated. Dates with a wide calibration interval for materials from excavation # 1 obtained from total organic content of ceramics, food crust, and charcoal previously demonstrated the length of the Early Neolithic period ranging from the mid 7th millennium BC to the end of the 6th millennium cal BC. The new data allowed us to significantly adjust chronology of the site. A new series of dating based on animal bones from the Early Neolithic layers concentrate within a narrow chronological interval of a few decades around 5600 cal BC. This suggests that burying of archaeological remains was very rapid, and sand interlayers which separated them do not form significant temporal hiatuses. The archaeological layers are distributed within restricted surfaces and correspond to different episodes of coastal zone inhabitation. The variation in the number, thickness and character of the archaeological layers points to repeated episodes of inhabitation during Early Neolithic. The time when the Early Neolithic strata might have been closed differs at various parts – from the 5th mill to the 4th millennium cal BC (based on OSL and AMS dates). The contradictions that existed between the individual dates can be explained either by the reservoir effect (for food crust dating) or by the correlation of the dating from different sections, where layers were not deposited at the same time. It is complicated to determine the rate of deposition of Early Neolithic cultural strata, which may have occurred in a single season or possibly over a longer period of time. The series of dates obtained indicate successive occupation of the site. The change in the pattern of coastal inhabitation from small-scale households’ areas with shell paved platforms and pits to dwelling complexes with clay pavement floors and clay-covered walls/roofs occurred over a very short time. This may explain the homogenous nature of the Early Neolithic material culture and the production of a certain set of clay vessels, stone, bone industry, and shell tools.

Потенциальные слова в русском литературном языке первой половины и середины XIX века: основания выделения, специфика

The paper identifies the reasons for selecting potential words in the vocabulary of the Russian literary language of the first half and mid-19th century and determines the specifics of potential words in the historical aspect. The tasks of the study were to identify the similarities and differences between such two types of non-formal words as potential and occasional as interpreted by different researchers, to collect the vocabulary of potential words in the Russian literary language of the named chronological section, and to classify the collected material based on: a) their existence in a particular context, b) their word-formation semantics and structure. The research material included texts of epistolary, fictional genres, reviews of literary-critical and sociopolitical nature of the first half and mid-19th century, explanatory, encyclopedic dictionaries, dictionaries of foreign words reflecting the vocabulary of the chronological interval under study, and texts of the main subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian language. The study allowed the author to conclude that potential words related to historical lexicology should be understood as actually existing in one or two texts or recorded in one dictionary, but not confirmed by the practice of communication of a specific time, and not as non-existent, but only possible in the system and norm of this language. Based on the material of the collected vocabulary, the author proves that potential words are not only highly productive but also low-productive word-formation types.

Krasnoyarsky-IV kurgan cemetery of the Great Migration Period

The paper presents the materials of the Great Migration Period from the Omsk Irtysh region, obtained during the excavations of the Krasnoyarsky-IV burial ground. In total, eight burial mounds with 13 burials were examined in 2009 by the expedition of the Omsk State Pedagogical University led by M.A. Grachev. The aim of this work is to determine regional features and chronology of the Krasnoyarsky-IV burial complexes , as well as some details of the historical and cultural development of the local population in the transitional period from the Iron Age to the early Middle Ages. The research methodology is based on comparative and typological analyses of the material complexes, morphological and constructional specifics of the burials, and on anthropological studies, including methods of odontology. According to the results of the study, the chronological interval of the functioning of the necropolis spans the end of the 4th — first decades of the 6th centuries A.D., which corresponds with the appea-rance of the Karym type monuments in the territory of the southern taiga of Western Siberia. The signs of artificial skull deformation, erection of small embankments, cremations, and Eastern-European and Central Asian imports suggest involvement of the Karym population in the epochal historical and cultural processes, as well as contacts with neighboring forest-steppe and southern taiga cultures of the Ural-Siberian region. Characteristics associated with the heritage of the cultures of the Early Iron Age, particularly, the Sargatka and Kulayka Cultures, were noted: orientation of the buried; location of the goods in the grave; ornamental and morphological features of the ware; and specific types of bronze decorations. The symbiosis of innovations and traditions of the previous epoch is partly confirmed by the anthropological characteristics in the ratio of the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the crowns of the permanent lower first molars.

Relația dintre Episcopia Greco –Catolică de Cluj -Gherla și Episcopia Ortodoxă de Cluj ilustrată în „Tribuna Ardealului” (septembrie 1940 – ianuarie 1945)

The Vienna Diktat caused important territorial changes, affecting the two Romanian Churches, namely the Greek Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. Taking into account both political changes and the new borders, both the Greek-Catholic Diocese of Cluj-Gherla and the Orthodox Diocese of Cluj were on the territory of Hungary, and this new situation determined a stronger solidarity between the two Romanian bishops of Cluj. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present the way in which the relationship between the two bishops was illustrated in the newspaper Tribuna Ardealului. First of all, the interaction between the two bishops will be highlighted, for example the official events in which they both participated, and also their collaboration regarding the help of the Romanian cultural activity in the chronological interval considered within this research. Secondly, the relationship between the communities of believers of the two Romanian denominations will be captured, with special emphasis on rural communities. Therefore, in addition to reconstructing the historical events considered, the research will also follow the critical analysis of newspaper articles reporting these events, to see what aspects were emphasized, and what message was intended to be transmitted. Keywords: Greek-Catholic Church, bishop, newspaper, solidarity