Chronological Characteristics Research Articles

Variability in the climate-radial growth correlation of Pinus massoniana of different diameter classes

The physiological characteristics of trees change with age, suggesting that growth-related climate signals vary over time. This study aimed to clarify the impacts of different diameter classes on the chronological characteristics of Pinus massoniana Lamb. and its response to climatic factors. Chronologies of Pinus massoniana were established in small diameter (14.1 cm), middle diameter (27.3 cm), and large diameter (34.6 cm) trees according to dendrochronology. The results show that: (1) radial growth of different diameter classes had varied characteristics and climate sensitivities; (2) radial growth of small diameter trees was affected by climatic factors of the previous and the current year, while large diameter trees were mainly affected by climatic factors of the current year; and (3) precipitation and temperature were key factors that restricted the radial growth of small and large diameter trees, respectively.

Post-subdution evolution of the Northern Lhasa Terrane, Tibet: Constraints from geochemical anomalies, chronology and petrogeochemistry

Bangong-Nujiang collisional zone (BNCZ) is an older one in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and resulted in the famous Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt, which plays an important role in evaluating the formation and uplift mechanism of plateau. The northern and central Lhasa Terrane composed the southern part of the BNCZ. Since ore deposits can be used as markers of geodynamic evolution, the authors carried 1∶50000 stream sedimental geochemical exploration in the Xiongmei area in the Northern Lhasa Terrane to manifest the mineralization, and based on this mineralization with geochemical and chronological characteristics of related magmatic rocks to constrain their geodynamics and connection with the evolution of the Lhasa Terrane. The authors find Early Cretaceous magma mainly resulted in Cu, Mo mineralization, Late Cretaceous magma mainly resulted in Cu, Mo, and W mineralization in the studying area. The results suggest a southward subduction, slab rolling back and break-off, and thickened lithosphere delamination successively occurred within the Northern Lhasa Terrane.© 2022 China Geology Editorial Office.

The burial Ogonyok in the middle Lena River region: a new site of the Bel'kachi Culture

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the Ogonyok burial, discovered and investigated in 2016 in the city of Yakutsk, Central Yakutia, in the middle reaches of the Lena River. The purpose of the study was to determine its cultural and chronological characteristics, to identify the features of the funeral rite and spe-cifics of the accompanying grave goods. In addition to historical and archaeological methods, the methods of tra-sological analysis of stone tools, radiocarbon dating and date calibration, isotope analysis of human and animal bone collagen, and determination of the species composition of the fauna that was part of the burial equipment were used. The burial place was destroyed during land works, as such, only part of the accompanying equipment and osteological material was preserved for the analyses. Excavations of the remains of the burial were carried out, which made it possible to determine approximately its orientation, the position of the deceased and the depth from the day surface. Similarities to the accompanying goods, which included a flint core and three blades, an arrowhead, polished adze, bone composite arrowhead with a blade in the groove, anthropomorphic figurine from a mammoth tusk, fragments of a bone polisher and a needle, as well as faunal remains, were found in the com-plexes of the Bel'kachi Neolithic Culture of Northeast Asia of the end of the 5th–3rd mil. BC. Further analogies were identified in the synchronous Neolithic cultures of the Baikal, Transbaikalia, Lower Amur region, Primorsky Krai and Chukotka. The funeral ritual of filling the grave with ocher also brings the Ogonyok burial closer to other Bel'kachi cemeteries. Paleozoological analysis has shown that bones of lynx, wild reindeer and geese were pre-sent in the burial. Four AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained from human and animal bones, which attribute the burial in the first quarter of the 4th mil. BC. An interesting fact was the identification of an offset in the age of hu-man bones relatively to the age of animal bones, the former being approximately 200 years older, which is appa-rently associated with freshwater reservoir effect. Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes demonstrated that the human diet was based on meat food, as well as, apparently, fish products, with a minor inclusion of wild plants. The burial of Ogonyok is one of the few “pure” sites of the Bel'kachi Neolithic Culture in Yakutia.

On the inevitability of the development and adoption of a new Constitution of the Russian Federation and what should be in her (The end)

Based on a scrupulous analysis of the chronology and essential characteristics of the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, the author came to the conclusion about a clear periodization of these changes (2008 - 2014 - 2020), and after six years, a pattern of projecting the inevitability of the adoption of a new Constitution of the Russian Federation is seen - approximately in 2026. Confirmation of the objective need for a new Constitution are also: the initial defect of a number of constitutional provisions contained in chapters 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, which cannot be changed without the adoption of a new Constitution of the Russian Federation; the resulting contradictions (explicit and implicit) between the constitutional provisions contained in сhapters 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, and chapters 3 - 8, on the other hand; the defectiveness of a number of innovations to the Constitution of the Russian Federation made in 2020 (primarily related to the constitutional foundations of the justice mechanism); and most importantly, it is possible to construct the new Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2026 on a qualitatively different basis with a focus on the future, with a happy society, a highly efficient state structure, a strong economy, etc., which should be based on a national idea, the core of which will be justice sacred to our society. Specific proposals are being made, including what the new Constitution of the Russian Federation should contain.

Discovery of late Early Cretaceous diorite porphyrite from the Shamuluo Formation in the Gaize area, Tibet: Response to the northward subduction plate rollback event of Bangongco-Nujiang Tethys Ocean

改则地区闪长玢岩位于藏西北班公湖-怒江成矿带西段北缘，呈岩脉状侵位在成岩于浅海环境的沙木罗组地层中，是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋向北俯冲造山消减过程的产物，而其岩石成因、地质意义和深部动力学过程等尚欠缺详细的研究。本文研究了发育于改则地区的闪长玢岩，对其开展了岩相学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学以及元素和同位素地球化学的研究，对其岩石成因、成岩构造地质背景、深部地球动力学过程等进行了分析和讨论，并对其含矿性进行了评价，为该地区下一步找矿方向提供了初步的设想。锆石U-Pb同位素年代测试显示闪长玢岩具有较多锆石结晶年龄段，相较于研究区出露的沙木罗组碎屑锆石年代学特征，其最新年龄段（117~126Ma）加权平均年龄为120.4Ma，可代表其结晶年龄。元素地球化学结果显示闪长玢岩具有弧岩浆的典型特征，属于高钾钙碱性和准铝质系列岩石，结合锆石微量元素等指标综合判断其属于I型花岗岩类岩石。本文综合全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成特征等分析认为，闪长玢岩形成于新生玄武质下地壳的部分熔融，岩浆源区残留相以角闪岩相为主，源区物质有少量沉积物组份的参与，侵位过程中分离结晶和地壳混染作用不明显。通过多种方法判别并结合区域构造背景，我们认为闪长玢岩成岩于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋北向俯冲板片折返的地球动力学背景。由于地处俯冲板片后端根部，改则地区闪长玢岩俯冲角度小于成岩于俯冲板片前端同时代的多龙矿集区中酸性岩浆岩，亦小于成岩于相同板片构造位置的103.5Ma的革吉闪长玢岩，暗示120.4~103.5Ma时班公湖-怒江特提斯洋北向俯冲板片仍处于持续折返阶段。由于其俯冲角度较小以及岩浆源区低氧逸度等因素导致其无法成矿。因此建议在多龙矿集区和改则县中间位置寻找可能的与俯冲背景有关的成矿靶区，但是否见矿还应考虑构造、围岩、后期保存等条件的影响。;The diorite porphyrite in Gaize area, located in the northern margin of the western section of the Bangongco-Nujiang metallogenic belt, emplaced into the Shamuluo Formation formed from shallow sea environment. It was the product of the northward subduction of Bangongco-Nujiang Tethys Ocean (BNTO). Taking diorite porphyrite in Gaize area as the research object, this paper studied petrography, zircon U-Pb chronology, elements, and isotope geochemistry, analyzed its petrogenesis and source characteristics, discussed its diagenetic tectonic background, described its deep dynamic process in detail, explained the possible reasons for its non-mineralization, and provided a preliminary idea for the next prospecting direction in this area. Zircon U-Pb isotopic dating shows that diorite porphyrite has many stages of age. Compared with the detrital zircon chronological characteristics of Shamulo Formation in the study area, the weighted average age of the latest age group (117~126Ma) is 120.4Ma, which can represent its crystallizing age. The element geochemical results show that diorite porphyrite is a typical island arc magma with high potassium calc-alkaline characteristics, belonging to quasi-aluminous series. Combined with the characteristics of zircon trace elements, the diorite porphyrite has the characteristics of I-type granitoids. Based on the analysis of the Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition of the whole rock, it is considered that the diorite porphyrite was formed in the partial melting of the juvenile basaltic lower crust, the residual facies in the magmatic source are mainly amphibolite facies, with the addition of a small amount of sediment components, and the separation, crystallization and crustal contamination in the emplacement process is not obvious. Through a variety of methods and combined with the regional tectonic background, we present that the diorite porphyrite was formed in the geodynamic background of rollback within the process of northward subduction of the BNTO. Because it is located at the root of the back end of the subducted plate, the subduction angle of the diorite porphyrite in Gaize area is smaller than that of the intermediate acid magmatic rock in the Duolong ore district, which formed from the front of the subducted plate at same time, and is also smaller than that of Geji diorite porphyrite, which is located at the same tectonic location of the subducted plate and formed at 103.5Ma. It is suggested that the northward subduction plate of the BNTO is still in the stage of continuous rollback during 120.4~103.5Ma. It cannot be mineralized because of its small subduction angle and low oxygen fugacity in the magmatic source area. Therefore, it is suggested to look for possible ore-forming targets related to the subduction background between the Duolong ore concentration area and Gaize County, but the influence of structure, surrounding rocks and late preservation should also be considered.

Detection of biosignatures in terrestrial Mars analogs: Strategical and technical assessments

The search for potential signs of Martian life has been planned and implemented by worldwide countries for decades. Due to the high expenditure on Mars exploration, more easily accessible Mars-like regions on Earth are invaluable targets for astrobiology research to understand the detection of potential Martian biosignatures. In order to detect potential life signals beyond Earth, questions on how to define life and biosignatures need to be carefully inspected. This review summarizes scientific instrumental techniques, our “eyes” and “hands”, that facilitate identifying and quantifying biosignatures on Mars. Scientific devices that can be applied in astrobiology include electromagnetic spectrum-based spectrometers, mass spectrometers, redox potential indicators, circular dichroism polarimeters, in situ nucleic acid sequencers, life isolation/cultivation systems, and imagers. These techniques should be first tested in Mars analog extreme environments on Earth to validate their practicality on Mars. To better understand the instrumental detectability of biosignatures on Mars through its evolutionary history, terrestrial Mars analogs are divided into four major categories according to their similarities to different geological ages of Mars (the Early-Middle Noachian Period, the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian Period, the Late Hesperian-Early Amazonian Period, and the Middle-Late Amazonian Period). Future missions are suggested to explore more on the early terrains in Mars’ Southern Hemisphere once the landing issue is solved engineeringly, since these explorations permit investigating a continuum of the habitability shift through Mars geological history. Moreover, practical applications of scientific instruments listed above are briefly reviewed based on the four categories of Mars analogs, and instruments applied for autonomous robotic rover tests in Mars analogs are further discussed. For engineering efficiency, a Mars rover ought to be equipped with as few assemblable instruments as possible. Therefore, once candidate landing regions on Mars are defined, the portable suites of instruments should be smartly devised on the basis of the geological, geochemical, geomorphological, and chronological characteristics of the landing regions. Laboratory-based experiments without engineering restrictions are further encouraging and appealing if Mars sample-return missions are successfully completed. To exclude false positive and false negative conclusions in life discovery, the combined use and replication studies of multiple analytical techniques must be performed to confirm the observational results.

Petrological and chronological characteristics of medium-high grade metamorphic rocks in Gonjo area, southeastern margin of Qamdo block, eastern Tibet

青藏高原东缘的昌都地块是连接青藏高原腹地和藏东南三江-印支地区的关键区域, 发育有较完整的晚古生界, 以三叠系、侏罗系-白垩系广泛分布为特色; 但其前寒武纪基底岩系出露较少, 主要以宁多岩群(Pt_1-2<i>Nd</i>.)和草曲群(Pt₃<i>C</i>)为代表。本文针对昌都地块东南缘贡觉地区出露的一套被前人称为"宁多岩群"的中深变质岩系, 开展了系统的野外地质调查、显微薄片分析、锆石U-Pb年代学等研究工作, 认为该套中深变质岩系属于一套变质杂岩, 其岩石组合既包括了原岩沉积时代不早于奥陶纪的片麻岩、变粒岩和大理岩等副变质岩, 又包含了原岩时代分别为中二叠世的斜长角闪岩和中三叠世花岗质片麻岩等正变质岩。其原岩时代特征与昌都地块北缘的宁多岩群有较大差别, 不应当归属为昌都地块的前寒武纪结晶基底。结合片麻岩的变质新生云母类矿物Ar-Ar测年数据和变质后期侵入的闪长玢岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄, 认为贡觉地区出露的中深变质岩的变质时代为ca.260~244Ma(P₂-T₂)。该期发生在昌都地块东南缘的角闪岩相变质作用, 是金沙江古特提斯洋向西俯冲-碰撞的构造响应。

Projecting Climate Dependent Coastal Flood Risk With a Hybrid Statistical Dynamical Model.

Numerical models for tides, storm surge, and wave runup have demonstrated ability to accurately define spatially varying flood surfaces. However these models are typically too computationally expensive to dynamically simulate the full parameter space of future oceanographic, atmospheric, and hydrologic conditions that will constructively compound in the nearshore to cause both extreme event and nuisance flooding during the 21st century. A surrogate modeling framework of waves, winds, and tides is developed in this study to efficiently predict spatially varying nearshore and estuarine water levels contingent on any combination of offshore forcing conditions. The surrogate models are coupled with a time‐dependent stochastic climate emulator that provides efficient downscaling for hypothetical iterations of offshore conditions. Together, the hybrid statistical‐dynamical framework can assess present day and future coastal flood risk, including the chronological characteristics of individual flood and wave‐induced dune overtopping events and their changes into the future. The framework is demonstrated at Naval Base Coronado in San Diego, CA, utilizing the regional Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS; composed of Delft3D and XBeach) as the dynamic simulator and Gaussian process regression as the surrogate modeling tool. Validation of the framework uses both in‐situ tide gauge observations within San Diego Bay, and a nearshore cross‐shore array deployment of pressure sensors in the open beach surf zone. The framework reveals the relative influence of large‐scale climate variability on future coastal flood resilience metrics relevant to the management of an open coast artificial berm, as well as the stochastic nature of future total water levels.

Reliability evaluation of demand-based warm standby systems with capacity storage

Warm standby is an energy-saving redundancy technique that consumes less energy than a conventional hot standby method. It can be naturally integrated with an energy storage technique to enhance system reliability. However, the integration approach of both techniques and the advantage it affords to system reliability have not been reported in literature. This study resolves this limitation by formulating a novel reliability model for demand-based warm standby systems with capacity storage. In this model, the chronological characteristics of warm standby components are explicitly explored before and after their activation. Moreover, different utilization sequences of warm standby components and storage components are embedded to analyze the effects of these sequences on system reliability. A multi-valued decision diagram is developed to evaluate system reliability considering successful activation probabilities of warm standby components. This diagram is applicable to arbitrary component lifetime distributions and warm standby systems. Numerical examples are presented to verify the application of the proposed methodology.

Legends of a Transylvanian Shrine to the Virgin Mary

My paper presents a legend tradition related to a well-known Hungarian (Transyl­vanian) place of pilgrimage. Csíksomlyó (Miercurea–Ciuc/Sumuleu) – cur­rently part of Romania ‒ has become a significant place of pilgrimage in the 20th century, similarly to Austria’s Mariazell, Spain’s Santiago de Compostela, the Orthodox Church’s Athos, or the main international shrines to the Virgin Mary (Lourdes, Fatima, Medjugorje). Around this famous pilgrimage place known from the 15th century a thematically rich legend circle has developed over the centuries, typical of Hungarian folklore, which abounds in historical and narrative traditions. At the centre of the group of legends stands the statue of the Virgin Mary, of gothic origin, the miraculous reputation of which is complemented by several historical legend themes (foundational traditions, wars, heroes and saints, crime and punish­ment and other legend motifs inspired by the sacred place). I highlight the most important historical perspectives, the chronological characteristics, the geographical distribution and, above all, the typological diversity of these legends. The legend circle of the shrine of Csíksomlyó in Romania is the totality of the related narrative traditions, that is to say, both the hundred-year-old miracle stories found in written form in different historical sources, and the recent folklore texts collected from oral tradi­tion. Although the time and the circumstances of the records differ significantly, the aim of the narration and the topic of the legends are the same. The legends about the shrine – separated into the given thematic groups – are an organic part of the Catalogue of Hungarian Historical Legends.

Final Palaeolithic of Zhytomyr Polissia

Final Palaeolithic (Terminal Palaeolithic) — the last, final phase of the Upper Palaeolithic of Europe, dating from 13.5—10 kyr and has numerous paleogeographic equivalents — Dryas period, Late glacier, Late or Final glacial, Tardiglacial period, reindeer age. In Zhytomyr Polissia there are two main groups of different Final Palaeolithic monuments with different cultural and chronological characteristics. At the beginning of the epoch, Еpigravettian mammoth hunters lived in the region. In particular, on the Ovruch ridge at the beginning of the Final Paleolithic a separate variant of the Еpigravettian developed. The extinction of mammoths about 13 kyr and the onset of the reindeer era caused a change in population. During the Allerod warming about 12 kyr reindeer hunters of the Lyngby culture advanced from the South-Western Baltic region to Polissia. The spread of Lyngbian cultural traditions at the end of Allerod in the outwash plains from Jutland to the Neman, Prypiat, Upper Dnipro and Upper Volga laid the groundwork for the emergence 11 000 years ago areas of related cultures with arrowheads on blades. In addition to Lyngby, it includes the following cultures: Ahrensburg in Northern Germany, Swiderian in the Vistula, Prypiat and Neman basins, and Krasnosillia in the Prypiat, Neman and Upper Dnipro basins. The specificity of their flint inventory is the leading role of various tanged arrowheads on blades, while the cultural marker of Epigravettian complexes are a variety of micro-inserts with a backed edge. Genetically descended from the Lyngby culture population, Krasnosillian and Swiderian hunter groupes lived in the cold forest-tundra, hunting for herds of seasonally migrating reindeers. The sharp warming 10 kyr led to the migration of Krasnosillian and Swidrian groupes following the reindeer to the north of Eastern Europe, which they settled during the VIII millennium BC. On the Swiderian basis, the post-Swiderian Mesolithic was formed. It is Butovo and similar Mesolithic cultures of the forest belt of Eastern Europe from the Baltics to the Northern Ural. The Mesolithic Pisochnyi Riv culture of the Middle Desna, the Grensk culture of the Upper Dnipro, and the Ienevo culture of the Upper Volga were formed on the Krasnosillian basis. These Mesolithic communities of northern Eastern Europe in ethno-cultural terms were probably distant ancestors of the Finnish peoples.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN VOJVODINA, SERBIA, 2009-2018, FROM THE ASPECT OF ONE HEALTH

This study attempts to summarize epidemiological characteristics of human leptospirosis and to determine the seroprevalence of this disease among domestic animals in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, for the period 2009-2018. Chronological, demographic and topographic characteristics of human cases were analyzed. Pearson's correlation was used to explore correlations between different meteorological factors and trends in time-series of human cases. Overall 87 human cases of leptospirosis and five subsequent deaths (CFR: 5.75%) were recorded in the ten-year period. The average annual incidence rate was 0.45/100,000 (range: 0.16-1.50/100,000). The disease was more prevalent in males (M/F=16.40:1), with the majority of cases reported in August (N=23; 26.44%), September (N=20; 23.00%) and October (N=15; 17,24%). A statistically significant weak positive correlation was observed between the mean monthly air temperature and the number of human cases of leptospirosis of the same month (r=0.30, p&lt;0.01) and a statistically significant weak positive correlation was found between the number of human cases and the sum of precipitation in the previous month (r=0.27, p&lt;0.01). The average annual seroprevalence among domestic animals in total was 1.13% (range: 0.23% -3.65%). Seropositivity of tested samples of cats, dogs, cattle, donkeys, horses, sheep, pigs and goats was 25%, 9.50%, 8.55%, 6.25%, 1.59%, 0.25%, 0.18%, 0.00, respectively. Human and animal leptospirosis continuously occurs in Vojvodina, which implies the need for continuous and quality monitoring of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation of this disease. Further, more comprehensive parallel studies in humans and animals are needed, as well as additional studies of living conditions of animals on farms with leptospirosis and the studies that will determine the strength of association between climatic/ environmental factors and leptospirosis in Vojvodina. Key words: Human leptospirosis, animal leptospirosis, zoonosis, epidemiology, seroprevalence, one health.

Age-related differences in linear sprint in adolescent female soccer players

BackgroundSeveral studies have observed the contribution of chronological age, biological maturation, and anthropometric characteristics to sprinting performance in young soccer players. Nevertheless, there are no studies that have analysed the contribution of these characteristics to running speed qualities in adolescent female soccer players.ObjectiveThis study investigated age-related differences in sprint performance in adolescent female soccer players. Also, it examined the possible influence of anthropometry [body mass and body mass index (BMI)] and biological maturation [age at peak height velocity (APHV)] in sprint performance.MethodsEighty adolescent female soccer players [under (U) 14, n = 20; U16, n = 37; U18, n = 23] participated in this study. Players were tested for 40 m sprint (each 10 m split times).ResultsPosthoc analysis revealed better performance in all split sprint times of older soccer players (U18 and U16) compared with younger category (F: 3.380 to 6.169; p < 0.05; ES: 0.64 to 1.33). On the contrary in all split sprint times, there were no significant changes between U16 and U18 (p < 0.05; ES: 0.03 to 0.17). ANCOVA revealed differences in all parameters between groups, controlled for APHV (p < 0.05). In contrast, all between-group differences disappeared after body mass and BMI adjustment (p > 0.05). Finally, the results indicate that BMI and body mass were significantly correlated with 40 m sprint (p < 0.05; r: -0.31) and 20 m flying (p < 0.01; r: 0.38), respectively.ConclusionIn the present players’ sample, body mass and BMI had a significant impact on running speed qualities.

ПЕРВОПЕЧАТНЫЕ ТРАВНИКИ ГЕРМАНИИ ИЗ СОБРАНИЯ РГБ: НА ПУТИ К МАССОВОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ

Early printed herbals have a special place in the 15th-century book production as they were popular both with academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, and with the common reader. The popular response to the mass production of herbal books made possible by the invention of printing left textual and linguistic evidence in the form of handwritten marginal notes. In the present study, six copies of illustrated herbals printed in Mainz by Peter Schoeffer in 1484 and 1485 are compared as to the subject, language and function of the marginal notes found in them. Five of these books are from the Rare Books Department of the Russian State (former Lenin) Library, the sixth copy from the Moscow University Library is used to enable better comparison. The analysis has shown that the types of marginal notes vary significantly depending on the owners’ social status, interest, background, and on the time and region. Marginal notes in Latin or Greek are considered from the point of view of their thematic (content) and chronological (dating) characteristics. As the result of many centuries of natural science, herbals were an important source of professional knowledge for academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, of the time. Thematically, linguistically and paleographically, marginal notes of this type can be ascribed to professionals or students of natural sciences. Notes made considerably later than the incunabula era can in fact only be explained by an academic interest on the part of the reader (some notes date after 1700). Marginal notes made in German and, judging by the handwriting, dating closer to 1500 reflect work of common medical practitioners or even of lay readers, who used their herbals to cope with practical problems of their everyday life. These German marginal notes are of high interest as a source for German language history, as they contain synonymous names of plants, additional to those used in the printed text. The analysis of their form, dialect, and distribution proves that they offer valuable lexical material (regional names) in the semantic field usually scarcely documented in medieval literary texts. Those descriptions, which are indicative of region or dialect, show a distinct Southern German origin of their authors.

Post-subdution evolution of the Northern Lhasa Terrane, Tibet: Constraints from geochemical anomalies, chronology and petrogeochemistry

Bangong-Nujiang collisional zone (BNCZ) is an older one in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and resulted in the famous Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt, which plays an important role in evaluating the formation and uplift mechanism of plateau. The northern and central Lhasa Terrane composed the southern part of the BNCZ. Since ore deposits can be used as markers of geodynamic evolution, the authors carried 1∶50000 stream sedimental geochemical exploration in the Xiongmei area in the Northern Lhasa Terrane to manifest the mineralization, and based on this mineralization with geochemical and chronological characteristics of related magmatic rocks to constrain their geodynamics and connection with the evolution of the Lhasa Terrane. The authors find Early Cretaceous magma mainly resulted in Cu, Mo mineralization, Late Cretaceous magma mainly resulted in Cu, Mo, and W mineralization in the studying area. The results suggest a southward subduction, slab rolling back and break-off, and thickened lithosphere delamination successively occurred within the Northern Lhasa Terrane.© 2022 China Geology Editorial Office.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN FEATURES OF «HYBRID WAR»

The emergence of global universal human solidarity acts as a historical pattern. The operation of this pattern in the process of globalization together with the implementation of the concept of sustainable development is at the very beginning. It is still far from the creation of a single global world, but the movement of the world community towards it has been steadily continuing since the emergence of mankind. It is obvious that the development of military operations, which we are witnessing, has long been not associated with serious breakthroughs in the field of science and technology. These factors act rather as concomitant ones. The basis of superiority on the battlefield is the ability to think strategically, as well as to use non-standard combat techniques, starting not only from the level of weapons and combat effectiveness, but also based on the cultural characteristics and even, in a sense, the mentality of the parties to the conflict. Considering the theoretical and methodological aspects of the problem, in our opinion, it is necessary to set a certain coordinate system to determine the nature and specifics of a hybrid conflict in two planes - directions (economic, military, cultural, international, socio-political, domestic, informational), as well as tools (the strategy of controlled chaos, the doctrine of “soft power”, the doctrine of color revolutions, the theory of reflexive control, the doctrine of unlimited war, the doctrine of rebelliousness, the doctrine of network-centric war, the concept of asymmetric war). Also, referring to applied research, one should take into account the chronological characteristics and specifics of hybrid conflicts, which are segmented within three stages - hidden (latent), semi-open and open.

Pregnancy diagnosis in goat by using vaginal cytology and trans-abdominal ultrasonography

The present study was conducted in a goat farm for pregnancy diagnosis by using vaginal cytology and B-mode real time ultrasound using 5 MHz probe by transabdominal method. Seventeen pregnant does were used for this study. The objective of the study was to determine the earliest day of pregnancy and describe the chronological characteristics of pregnancy from day 22 to day 40 for vaginal cytology and day 25 to day 60 for ultrasonography of gestation. The differences among the average percentage of cell value in different age of pregnancy were significant (p < 0.05). The average percentage of intermediate cells (81.12%) was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher than superficial (9.41%), keratinized (7.10%) and neutrophil (2.61%) on 22-40th days of pregnancy. In case of real time B-mode ultrasonography, the gestational sac was observed only in three does out of seventeen (17.6 %) at 25-30 days whereas the placentomes and heart beat of the foetus were first detected at 31-35 days in six does (35.3%). The foetal leg buds were first visualized at 36-40 days in four does (23.5%) whereas the foetal vertebral column was first observed at 36-40 days of gestation in only three does (17.6%). In conclusion, vaginal cytology and trans-abdominal ultrasonography can be used for detection of early pregnancy in does.

Tatar Material Culture Vocabulary in Russian Dictionaries

Kazan Federal University is conducting research on vocabulary reflecting the material and spiritual culture of Tatar people. Applying the continuous sampling method to explanatory and bilingual dictionaries, a vocabulary base has been formed, which served as the basis for the compilation of the Ethnocultural Dictionary of the Tatar Language. Among other lexical groups, the dictionary included the names of clothing, shoes, hats, and elements. The article focuses on the study of clothing terminology of Turkic origin in Russian-language dictionaries. Explanatory, historical, etymological dictionaries of the Russian language, and dictionaries based on the materials of business writing, fiction, etc., include numerous lexical units of this group. The research data prove that increased contacts among speakers of different languages lead to the replenishment of the vocabulary, and eventually to the substitution of a certain part of original and borrowed lexical units that have been in use for several centuries. Besides, the results of the study have contributed to the clarification of the chronological characteristics of lexical units in the historical dictionaries of the Russian language.

Application of k0-INAA Method in Preliminary Characterization of KRISS Urban Airborne Particulate Matter Certified Reference Material

We report comprehensive elemental composition studies on the average urban airborne particulate matters (PMs) collected in the Greater Seoul area, Korea, in 2019 to identify regional and chronological characteristics of the sample as a candidate for certified reference material (CRM), using k0-based single comparator instrumental neutron activation analysis (k0-INAA). The method was successfully validated by comparing the analysis result of a similar matrix CRM (SRM 1648a urban particulate matter) of National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, with corresponding certified values. The same methodology was applied to determine various elements in candidate environmental materials for future CRM development, including the urban PMs and incineration ashes, to investigate the possibility of using k0-INAA for certification of relevant reference materials. In total, 46 elements in the urban PM sample were analyzed and their concentration levels were compared with the urban PMs collected in the 1970s in St. Louis, USA. Urban PMs of Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science in 2019 contain significantly lower levels of hazardous elements, such as As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb, as compared to those of the 1970s, which can be attributed to the reduced air pollution by environmental regulation and technological innovation. The potential major source of urban airborne PMs was also discussed.

Chronological characteristics for snow accumulation on Styx Glacier in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

AbstractUnder the potential to reconstruct the past climatic and atmospheric conditions from a deep ice core in the coastal Antarctic site (Styx Glacier), an 8.84 m long firn core (73°50.975′ S, 163°41.640′ E; 1623 m a.s.l.) was initially studied to propose a reliable age scale for the local estimation of snow accumulation rate. The seasonal variations of δ18O, methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO42–) were used for the firn core dating and revealed 25 annual peaks (from 1990 to 2014) with volcanic sulfate signal. The observed declining trend in annual accumulation rate with a mean value of 146 ± 60 kg m–2a–1is likely to be linked to the changes of sea-ice extent in the Ross Sea region. Moreover, the temporal variation of the annual mean δ18O, an annual flux of MSA and nssSO42–also likely to be under the influence of ice-covered and open water area. This study suggests a potential to recover past changes in an oceanic environment and will be useful for the interpretation of the long ice core drilled at the same site.