Chronological Analysis Research Articles

SPECIFICS OF WORK OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES OF THE EU WITH UKRAINIAN REFUGEES

The article analyzes the role of the Orthodox Churches of the border countries of the European Union in resolving the humanitarian crisis associated with the movement in the shortest possible time (February – April 2022) of large masses of refugees from the territory of Ukraine to nearby Western countries as a result of the special military operation by the Russian Federation to liberate Donbass. The purpose of the article is to show the effectiveness, methods of work and target groups of non-state actors in world politics, which are religious organizations, in this case Orthodox, and non-governmental organizations interconnected with it, in the context of the humanitarian crisis unfolding in 2022. The research methodology involves an event-based chronological analysis based on the content analysis of an array of news coming from national Orthodox churches: the Autocephalous Polish Orthodox Church, the Orthodox Autocephalous Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia, the Budapest-Hungarian Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, the Romanian Orthodox Church. It is shown that the Orthodox Churches, their social and charitable departments and non-governmental organizations affiliated with them acted as reliable partners of the central and local executive authorities in the reception of refugees and the settlement of issues of their livelihood, information, transportation and adaptation in the host country. They called for a healing of the conflict, appealing to the warring parties, a mission of compassion and consolation for the refugees. With their authority, they helped the horizontal complex interaction of local Orthodox communities to receive refugees and collect humanitarian aid, distribute it and send it to Ukraine.

Blind dates: Exploring uncertainty in the radiocarbon evidence on the emergence of animal husbandry in the Dutch wetlands

The emergence of animal husbandry in the Netherlands remains the subject of much speculation. Challenges in identifying domesticated animals among the faunal remains, inconsistent excavation documentation, and flawed radiocarbon analysis have resulted in questionable chronologies. This paper examines the available radiocarbon evidence from selected sites which are the mainstay of early examples of domesticated animals in the Netherlands, between 5000 and 4000 BCE.1All radiocarbon dates given in this paper, denoted as BCE, are calibrated unless stated otherwise.1 We approach the legacy data in two ways: by employing principles of chronometric hygiene to reassess the radiocarbon datasets of selected sites and by exploring the use of such data for future studies in chronology by means of Bayesian chronological modelling. The latter is demonstrated with a case study, whereby we employ legacy data from Hardinxveld-Giessendam De Bruin in Bayesian models to demonstrate that, despite their shortcomings, such dates remain a valuable resource for much needed future chronological analysis.

Chronological Progression and Management of Syringobulbia Caused by Spinal Hemangioblastoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Syringomyelia often accompanies spinal hemangioblastoma (SHB). It often shows progression to the medulla oblongata, dubbed as "syringobulbia", which presents critical symptoms such as dysphagia and respiratory compromise. Appropriate management of chronological syringomyelia progression toward syringobulbia is not set in stone. This study aims to unravel the clinical and chronological behavior of syringobulbia and its management. A single-institution case series study of 5 patients operated for SHB with syringobulbia was conducted. Serial preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed in further details, especially focusing on the chronological progression of syringomyelia. A literature review was performed to describe clinical/imaging characteristics. Chronological imaging analyses revealed that despite the relatively steady progression of syringomyelia over years, it accelerated when developing syringobulbia. Intramedullary signal change ("presyringomyelia") was observed in the area where syringomyeliasubsequently occurred. Literature review yielded another 15 cases of SHB with syringobulbia, totaling 20 cases. Bulbar dysfunction was seen in 4 cases (20%). Gross total resection was performed in all cases except 1, which underwent just syringotomy. Rapid postoperativesymptom improvement was observed in all cases, as well as immediate imaging resolution of syringomyelia. The symptoms associated with syringobulbia often become life-threatening. Notably, its resolution may be near-synchronous to surgical resection of the spinal lesion. The speed of progression of syringomyelia is usually steady, but it may accelerate when extending to syringobulbia. Regular imaging follow-up is thus highly recommended to determine the best timing of intervention when presyringomyelia and syringomyelia are ascending toward the medulla oblongata.

Atomic-Level View of the Functional Transition in Vertebrate Hemoglobins: The Case of Antarctic Fish Hbs.

Tetrameric hemoglobins (Hbs) are prototypal systems for studies aimed at unveiling basic structure–function relationships as well as investigating the molecular/structural basis of adaptation of living organisms to extreme conditions. However, a chronological analysis of decade-long studies conducted on Hbs is illuminating on the difficulties associated with the attempts of gaining functional insights from static structures. Here, we applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the functional transition from the T to the R state of the hemoglobin of the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii (HbTb). Our study clearly demonstrates the ability of the MD technique to accurately describe the transition of HbTb from the T to R-like states, as shown by a number of global and local structural indicators. A comparative analysis of the structural states that HbTb assumes in the simulations with those detected in previous MD analyses conducted on HbA (human Hb) highlights interesting analogies (similarity of the transition pathway) and differences (distinct population of intermediate states). In particular, the ability of HbTb to significantly populate intermediate states along the functional pathway explains the observed propensity of this protein to assume these structures in the crystalline state. It also explains some functional data reported on the protein that indicate the occurrence of other functional states in addition to the canonical R and T ones. These findings are in line with the emerging idea that the classical two-state view underlying tetrameric Hb functionality is probably an oversimplification and that other structural states play important roles in these proteins. The ability of MD simulations to accurately describe the functional pathway in tetrameric Hbs suggests that this approach may be effectively applied to unravel the molecular and structural basis of Hbs exhibiting peculiar functional properties as a consequence of the environmental adaptation of the host organism.

Controversial Themes and Issues Surrounding Autism: A Chronological Timeline Analysis

Controversial Themes and Issues Surrounding Autism: A Chronological Timeline Analysis

New evidence for linking the formation of high arsenic aquifers in the central Yangtze River Basin to climate change since Last Glacial Maximum

The prevalence of arsenic (As)-affected groundwater in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene aquifers leads to serious arsenicosis worldwide. However, the geogenic foundational processes underlying the high As aquifers remain elusive. Here we present joint lines of evidences from chronological, sediment geochemical and geomicrobial analysis that climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) initiates the genesis of high As aquifers in the central Yangtze River Basin, which represents Quaternary alluvial-lacustrine floodplains affected by arsenicosis occurrence. Optically stimulated luminescence-based sediments dating and grain size characterization indicate that the LGM depositional boundary also separates the Late-Pleistocene/Holocene high arsenic aquifers from the underlying arsenic-depleted aquifers. Further examination of solid-phase As/Fe/S speciation and associated microbial communities function suggests that the pre-LGM depositional environments characteristic of S metabolism engender the fixation of As in pyrite, whereas during the post-LGM period climate change to warm and humid leads to As repartitioning to Fe/Mn oxides in response to strong chemical weathering. This may have contributed to a dynamic fate of As in the post-LGM depositional environments and thus a highly variable aqueous As concentrations over depth. Our results highlight the important roles of climate change has played in the genesis of high As aquifers, with implications for other LGM-affected regions worldwide as well as for the evolution of high arsenic aquifers under future climate change.

Stratigraphic and chronological characteristics of Shidao Island within the Xisha Islands, South China Sea, and its response to sea‐level changes since the Late Pleistocene

Sedimentological and chronological analyses of coastal dunes can determine their sedimentation processes and yield information that can reflect changes in local marine environments (e.g., information on climate, biology, and sea‐level changes in tectonically stable areas). In this study, Late Quaternary deposits on Shidao Island, one of the Xisha Islands, South China Sea, were analysed using techniques such as U/Th dating to obtain the following results: (1) Four lithofacies associations and two unconformities were identified from the deposits on Shidao Island. On this basis, the Shidao Island sediments can be divided into three stages of aeolian sediments and one stage of beach rock sediments. (2) U/Th dating revealed that the aeolian deposits on Shidao Island formed during three periods, namely, marine isotope stages 5.2, 5.1, and 4, and that the beachrocks were formed in the Holocene when the sea level rose to its present height. (3) The aeolianites on Shidao Island all formed in an environment in which the sea level was relatively stable or slowly falling. This study determined for the first time the specific sedimentary ages of the aeolianites on Shidao Island, and reconstructed the sedimentation process of the deposits on Shidao Island based on palaeo‐sea‐level changes. These results can provide more reliable geochronology data for the future study of Late Quaternary marine environments across the East Asian region.

How an Outbreak of COVID-19 Circulated Widely in Nepal: A Chronological Analysis of the National Response to an Unprecedented Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first COVID-19 case was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The first COVID-19 case in Nepal was reported in January 2020 in a Nepalese man who had returned from Wuhan to Nepal. This study aims to evaluate the government of Nepal’s (GoN) response to the COVID-19 pandemic and explore ways to prevent COVID-19 and other pandemic diseases in the future. As of May 2022, a total of 979,140 cases and 11,951 deaths associated with COVID-19 have been reported in Nepal. To prevent the spread of the virus, the GoN initiated various preventive and control measures, including lockdown strategies. The effects of COVID-19 are expected to persist for many years; the best strategies a resource-limited country such as Nepal can implement to control pandemic diseases such as COVID-19 in the pre-vaccine stage are to increase testing, tracing, and isolation capacity.

Early Works of Mstislav Dobuzhinsky and Jugendstil Graphic Art

The article examines a number of M.V. Dobuzhinsky’s graphic works published in “Jester”, “The World of Art” and “Apollo” magazines, in comparison with the works of artists in the Munich magazines “Jugend” and “Simplicissimus”. There are revealed the motifs that influenced Dobuzhinsky’s works: the image of pavement and brickwork, the image of a black cat. The author has found that Dobuzhinsky repeated the drawing of the devil by T.T. Heine in a vignette for the magazine “Golden Fleece”. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that, for the first time, it analyzes M.V. Dobuzhinsky’s graphic works published in Russian magazines of the turn of the century, comparing each of them with drawings with similar motifs in the magazines “Jugend” and “Simplicissimus”. The chronological method of analyzing the works of M.V. Dobuzhnisky’s magazine graphics made it possible to reveal the genesis of the image of the city, as well as to clarify the beginning of his appeal to the theme of classicism architecture. In addition, the article introduces into scientific circulation Dobuzhnisky’s drawings for the Petersburg satirical magazine “Jester”. Their chronological analysis in comparison with similar works from the Munich satirical magazines reveals the genesis of the artist’s mastering of Jugendstil drawings in the first year of his autonomous activity. The results obtained demonstrate the influence of woodcuts by Albrecht Dürer on the formation of a unique line in Dobuzhinsky’s drawings. The author concludes that that due to the artist’s appeal to Dürer’s woodcuts, as well as to engravings by Japanese masters, M.V. Dobuzhinsky followed the same path as the masters of the Munich magazine graphics, having developed by the mid-1900s their achievements to a new level in his works.

On Some Historical Aspects of Money Laundering in Russia and China

Aim. In this article, the author seeks to analyze some of the characteristic features of various forms of money laundering in Russia and China, with reference to the chronicles of past centuries, starting from the moment this phenomenon arose, which later became widespread in both countries.Tasks. To realize the main aim, the author gradually solves logically interconnected tasks: firstly, to identify the oldest forms of legalization of illegal income in Russia and China; second, to trace the logic of evolutionary changes in money laundering in the historical practices of both countries; thirdly, compare the Russian and Chinese experience in the studied system of economic structural and functional ties.Methods. When writing the material, methods of chronological reconstruction, historical analogy, analysis and synthesis, comparative studies were used.Results. The author established that for the first time corruption mechanisms for the legalization of illegal income arose in China in the 4th century BC, while in Russia this practice is clearly traced only from the 15th century. The article shows that in China during the Tang Dynasty (VII–X century AD), money laundering methods demonstrated active development, and then reached a level critical for maintaining statehood in the era of the Opium Wars (XIX century), although they were subsequently partially leveled during the socialist period of Chinese statehood in the twentieth century. By analogy, the author considers the historical background of the evolution of money laundering mechanisms in our country in the era of feudal fragmentation, as well as tsarist and Soviet power. The article attempts to compare two historical paintings — Russia and China.Conclusion. The author concludes that the processes of legalizing illegal funds in Russia and China have similar features and are intensified in connection with the most important historical events, therefore, modern models of money laundering and countering this illegal activity have characteristic features formed by cultural experience in a particular country.

Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma: chronological analysis in a single high-volume institutional experience

BackgroundDistal common bile duct (dCBD) cancer is typical indication for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We aimed to retrospectively evaluate surgical outcomes and investigate prognostic factors of dCBD adenocarcinoma for which PD was performed at a single institution.MethodsWe searched consecutive cases of dCBD adenocarcinoma undergone PD at Samsung Medical Center from 1995 to 2018. Cases with distant metastasis or palliative intent were excluded. The year in which the survival rate was dramatically improved was identified and entire years were divided into two periods for comparison. To balance between the two periods, we conducted propensity score matching (PSM) analysis using age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and American Society of Anesthesiologist score.ResultsTotal of 804 cases were enrolled in this study. The entire period was divided into early period of 18 years and recent period of 6 years. The early and late period included 466 and 338 patients, respectively. As a result of PSM, balanced 316 patients were selected from each of the two periods. Significant improvements in surgical outcomes were identified, including shorter operation time, fewer blood loss, shorter hospitalization, and favorable overall survival. As results of multivariable analysis of independent risk factors for overall survival, older age and advanced N stage were identified, as expected. It was distinct that aggressive surgery and advanced tumor state in the early period and a lower BMI in the late period negatively affected the survival, respectively.ConclusionsSurgical outcomes of dCBD cancer underwent PD was improved. There were few modifiable factors to improve survival and continuous further study is needed to detect dCBD cancer in the early stages.

Rehabilitation of Mass Housing as a Contribution to Social Equality: Insights from the East-West European Academic Dialogue

Mass housing neighbourhoods (MHN) represent the leading pattern of urban transformation and expansion in the second half of the 20th century, and accordingly evaluation, regeneration and redesign of the MHN represent a necessary and challenging task in the contemporary research context. In the practical scope of MHN rehabilitation, various holistic approaches and design strategies are identified that affirm both ecological transition and social transformation of these urban settings. However, the level of application of such approaches across Europe varies greatly, and requires research initiatives of a comparative nature that open a cross-geographical debate at the European level. Although there is a series of evidence-based studies that define the conceptual framework of MHN, i.e., large-scale housing settlements, through historical-interpretative and chronological analyses, the academic debate on practical and feasible MHN rehabilitation and their sustainable integration into the urban development of cities at European level is underdeveloped. The specific objective of this paper is to establish preliminary insights into the current level of MHN rehabilitation and to identify challenges for further actions through (1) a comparative analysis of MHN role models from the second half of 20th century, and through (2) insights from an implemented expert questionnaire. The research engages a comparative case study analysis as the primary method and analyses MHN in Germany (as a representative of Western Europe) and in the two ex-Yugoslav countries, North Macedonia and Serbia (as representatives of Eastern Europe). This research has highlighted the main obstacles and challenges for MHN rehabilitation and demonstrated the importance of a multiscale approach to MHN analysis, having in mind that through the distribution of design values at the analysed spatial levels (neighbourhood level, building level, and apartment level) the application of affirmative indicators within different design values group is recognised.

Cultismele literare în Coronación de Juan de Mena

"In this article we propose new attestations for several bookish borrowings entered into Spanish from medieval Latin. Our contribution consists in the etymological and chronological analysis of the cultured borrowings extracted from Coronación. We also draw attention to the defective way in which the issue of dating – a major component of any historical dictionary – is sometimes treated in DCECH."

Політичний проєкт керівної партії Ріккендоші-кай від виникнення до самоліквідації: ідейна сутність і причини нетривалості

The Rikkendōshi-kai party, founded in 1913, became the ruling party after winning the 1915 parliamentary election and Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu joined it. In historiography, the process of Rikkendōshi-kai emergence, as well as this party’s cabinet, is limited to an exclusively positive statement of the fact of existence of such party and government, which in the midst of World War I was replaced by a “technical” non-party cabinet. The problem of deep reasons for emergence of such an unexpected power is not only unstudied but not even posed in available publications. During World War I the party government of the Association of Allies of the Constitution effectively pursued domestic political liberalization policy (property electoral qualification was reduced) and active external imperial expansion (particularly in China). Despite the undeniable achievements, Ōkuma’s single-party Cabinet did not rely on stable majority in the parliament. Thus, in October 1916 the Cabinet was dismissed and the Rikkendōshi-kai party ceased to exist. Problem and chronological analysis method of factual material allows to claim that the main reason for the self-dissolution of “The Association of Allies of the Constitution” was lack of experience in then Japanese political tradition of forming multiparty coalition governments. Japanese party politicians learned their lessons from Rikkendoshi-kai’s bitter experience. The key one was the fact that in conditions of absence of an unambiguously dominant party in the parliament a reliable party support for the government should become inter-party coalitions, formed on the basis of inter-party ideological and personnel compromises. However, that idea was implemented only in 1924, when, for the first time in its history, a true coalition “Cabinet of Three Parties to Defend the Сonstitution” (Goken sampa naikaku) led Japan.

Education for Ecological Awareness. Based on research of periodicals devoted to nature in the II Republic of Poland (1918-1939) on the example of a "Free Addition to natural sciences monthly for youths Orli Lot [Eagle Flight] devoted to the environmental

The purpose of this paper is to present the subject of education for ecological awareness on the example of a "Free Addition to natural sciences monthly for youths Orli Lot [Eagle Flight] devoted to environmental protection, issued by the National Council of Environmental Protection”. The structure of this article is based on chronology and issue analysis. It is made of three parts: paper devoted to environmental protection, care about establishing school circles of League for Nature Conservation, activity of youths sightseeing societies in the scope of environmental protection and education for ecological awareness.
 
 

Statistical Representation of the Volatility of Scientific Interest in the Category of Persuasiveness as a Subject of the Linguistic Research

The article presents the results of research of the category of persuasiveness in academic linguistic works. Persuasiveness is considered in the present paper as a property of discourse, realized by means of verbal influence on the consciousness of the addressee with the purpose of changing his worldview. The urgency of the study is due to the growing interest of the research community to persuasive potential of discourse and mechanisms of verbal impact on the target audience, as well as the crucial importance of studying tactics and strategies of persuasive impact, aimed at inducing the recipient of information to share the views of the addressee. Analysis of the selected research works has shown that, despite the existence of different approaches to the interpretation of the notion «persuasiveness» and the resulting differences of methodical approaches to the study of the phenomenon, the universal meaning of the concept of «persuasiveness» in the linguistic aspect can be reduced to the idea that persuasiveness can be defined as the manipulative use of special language techniques aimed at strengthening the addressee’s arguments. The purpose of the paper is to identify and systematize the dynamics and research directions of the persuasiveness study. The study was conducted on the basis of theses selected form the «DisserCat» electronic scientific library of theses and abstracts. As a result 118 theses, published during 2000-2021 period, were catalogued and analyzed. The obtained results allowed to consider and generalize various approaches to the study of the persuasiveness, as well as to determine the dynamics and vectors of the interest to the studied phenomenon. The following research methods were used in the paper: targeted sampling, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, content analysis, statistical observation and processing of sample texts. Visualization was carried out by using Microsoft Office Excel program. A quantitative and chronological analysis of the selected works allows us to conclude that the interest in studying the realization of the category of persuasiveness is far from losing its relevance; on the contrary, from a prognostic point of view one should expect a significant demand for its research.

Multi-temporal Landsat-derived NDVI for vegetation cover degradation for the period 1984-2018 in part of the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve (Morocco)

Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are especial zones established to conserve the biodiversity (ecosystem, species or genetic). Therefore, evaluating and analyzing the ecosystem degradation in these zones are crucial for protecting them. This study attempts to assess and analyze the vegetation cover degradation during the last three decades (period between 1984 and 2018) in part of the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve (ABR) of Morocco. The study aims to describe the ecosystem degradation scenario by using multi-temporal Landsat-derived NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and to highlight the reasonable factors causing its degradation. Long-term and short-term NDVI changes were investigated using image difference change detection technique and IsoData classification. The obtained results confirm that about 3644.64 ha of the vegetation cover was degraded during last decade. Field investigations confirm that the anthropogenic activities caused vegetation cover degradation that last a long time (2007–2018) as confirmed by long-term analysis. Forest fire, due to charcoal production, caused degradation of about 2989.59 ha of the vegetation cover during the period 2010–2018. This study has highlighted the importance to use long-term NDVI change detection to map anthropogenic-induced vegetation cover degradation and to use short-term NDVI change detection for best chronological analysis of ecosystem degradation. In addition, the easiest proposed method offers a user-friendly tool to monitor ecosystem degradation.

Holocene foraminifera from the outer zone of the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina (South America)

In this study, Holocene paleoenvironmental changes were interpreted based on benthic foraminifers from a core (39°20′S-61°27′W) extracted from the Argentine Continental Shelf close to the Bahia Blanca Estuary, in the south of Buenos Aires Province. Foraminiferal fauna was determined, and found to include 44 species of 22 genera. From micropaleontological and sedimentological analysis, paleoenvironmental changes during the middle-late Holocene were recognized. Two stages were determined: from 8319–8045 to 7836-7623 Cal. yrs BP, the sediments reflected a shallow environment with estuarine conditions and low energy, enabling determination of a coastal depositional environment. As from ca. 7836–7623 up to ca. 651-557 Cal. yrs BP, the sediments indicated a passage towards to a shallow shelf environment with great marine influence, displaying a high degree of energy and oxygenation, which may have been related to a rise in sea level ca. 7836 -7623 Cal. yrs BP. The detailed study of the benthic foraminiferal fauna presented herein and the sedimentological and chronological analysis performed on the continental shelf next to the Bahía Blanca Estuary provide further proof of the relative location of the mean sea level during the middle Holocene transgressive hemicycle in Argentina.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRACES OF THE PRESENCE OF LYAKHS DISPLACED TO THE ROS RIVER. THE STATE OF RESEARCH

The paper deals with the resettlement of the inhabitants of early medieval Poland to the territory of Rus’. The starting point is the mention contained in The Tale of Bygone Years, informing under the year 1031 about the transplant of the Lyakhs (inhabitants of the Piast state) to the Ros River, on the border of Rus’ and nomads. The paper outlines the discussion on this issue, as well as research perspectives. The latter seem particularly promising in relation to the settlement complex in Mykolayivka on Ros River, studied, among others, by M. Kuchera in the 1950s and 1980s. Based on the presence of ceramic material and metal ornaments with West Slavic analogies, the Ukrainian archaeologist put forward a hypothesis that the discovered cemetery and settlement there are the traces of a presence of the Lyakhs settled there in 1031. This hypothesis, although being repeated in the archaeological literature, has never been verified by typological and chronological analyses of artifacts as well as anthropological and laboratory analyses of human bones.
 In 2019, the Ukrainian-Polish archaeological expedition started a new project in Mykolayivka. The research covered, inter alia, a flat cemetery where two relatively well-preserved burials were discovered. In one of them there was a skeleton of an adult man, next to which the arrowheads and a ring were found. In the second grave, the skeletons of an adult woman and a child have been discovered. Numerous ornaments, including earrings, a lunula pendant, rings and several dozen metal, glass and stone beads were found there. In order to check the suitability of the bone material for specialized analyses, the skeletons were subjected to: radiocarbon, DNA, microscopic tooth enamel and stable isotope analysis. All the above-mentioned studies have shown that the state of preservation of the material from the cemetery in Mykolayivka allows for the use of a wide range of laboratory analyses. Thus, it can be useful for the verification of the above-mentioned hypothesis about the origin of the local inhabitants.

COVID-19 Geographical Maps and Clinical Data Warehouse PREDIMED.

PREDIMED, Clinical Data Warehouse of Grenoble Alps University Hospital, is currently participating in daily COVID-19 epidemic follow-up via spatial and chronological analysis of geographical maps. This monitoring is aimed for cluster detection and vulnerable population discovery. Our real-time geographical representations allow us to track the epidemic both inside and outside the hospital.