Chronic Depression Research Articles

Exploring Longitudinal Associations between Farmer Health and Wellbeing, and Dairy Herd Subclinical Mastitis Prevalence and Productivity: The HUNT Study, Norway

The health and wellbeing of farmers is one aspect of the sustainability of agriculture, as is the health and productivity of livestock. Previous research suggests a possible association between the 2, but the complexity of the relationships between farmers and their livestock can hamper research efforts. This observational study utilizes high quality existing survey and register data from a cohort of Norwegian dairy enterprises to explore possible longitudinal associations between farmer health and wellbeing (general health, chronic disease or condition, chronic pain, anxiety or depression symptoms, or poor life satisfaction) and changes in dairy herd udder health (estimated by the proportion of milk tests with a high somatic cell count (SCC%)) or milk yield (kilograms per cow-year equivalent). We found evidence of a general trend toward increased SCC% with poor farmer health or wellbeing. If the farmer had poor self-reported general health, the odds ratio (OR) for a one-year increase in SCC% at the enterprise was 1.51 (95% CI: 0.76,2.99, OR 1.80 (0.71, 4.51) after adjustment for possible effect modifiers) compared with those with good health, and for poor life satisfaction the OR was 1.50 (0.71,3.15) (2.61 (0.92,7.39) after adjustment). We also find evidence that enterprises where a farmer was experiencing poor health or wellbeing tended to have lower odds of a decrease in milk yield than other enterprises. The OR for a one-year decrease in milk yield with any chronic disease or condition was 0.42 (0.24,0.76), and with symptoms of anxiety or depression the OR was 0.56 (0.23,1.34). Potential confounders and effect modifiers are discussed and explored. These results suggest that further longitudinal research to unravel the relationships between farmer health and wellbeing, and livestock health and productivity is needed.

Cost savings from an mHealth tool for improving medication adherence.

To determine the health care cost savings from the Wellth app, a mobile health intervention that uses financial incentives to increase medication adherence. An observational study of members in one of Arizona's Medicaid managed care plans, part of Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS), using the Wellth app from March 28, 2020, to January 12, 2021. One-to-one matching was used to identify comparable nonparticipants, and a difference-in-differences approach was used to estimate the impact of the Wellth intervention on outcomes defined over the 9 months before and after using Wellth. An AHCCCS managed care health plan provided claims data that contained drug prescription, health care utilization, and health care cost information for all participants, and Wellth provided app usage data and contextual information about the Wellth intervention. On average, the Wellth intervention increased medication adherence by 5.0 percentage points (95% CI, 2.9-7.1; P = .008) and reduced emergency department (-0.02; 95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01; P = .002), inpatient (-0.04; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.02; P = .001), and mental health clinic (-0.06; 95%CI, -0.10 to -0.01; P = .013) visits relative to nonparticipants over 9 months. Short-term reductions in utilization had an estimated mean cost savings over 9months of $88.15 (95% CI, $31.07-$136.40), with greater reductions for those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, schizophrenia, or major depression. Given the relatively low cost of the Wellth intervention, our findings provide preliminary evidence of cost savings from implementing Wellth among adults with several common chronicconditions.

The impact of chronic conditions on productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) in both the workplace and household settings in the general adult population in Finland

ObjectivesThis study aimed to quantify the burden of eight non-communicable conditions on productivity-adjusted life year (PALY) at work and within the household among the Finnish general adult population. MethodsSurvey data on 18–79-year-old Finnish respondents collected in 2022 was used to calculate age- and sex-specific productivity indices at work and within the household using zero- and one-inflated beta regression for individuals with and without a certain condition (asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, depression or other mental health problem, diabetes, gastrointestinal disease, hypothyroidism or other thyroid disease, migraine or other chronic headache, and musculoskeletal disease). Age and sex distributions of the Finnish population obtained from Statistics Finland together with the prevalence of the condition and the estimated productivity indices were used to produce the population-level one-year losses in PALYs at work and within the household. ResultsAmong eight conditions, depression and other mental health problems had the highest PALY losses (99 570 PALY loss burden at work, 256 086 PALY loss at home, and 250 980 PALY loss in general adult populations), with diabetes having the lowest (3 666 PALY loss burden at work, 46 344 PALY loss at home, and 43 443 PALY loss in general adult populations). All the examined conditions were as significant in affecting both the productivity at work and the within-household productivity. ConclusionsDepression and other mental health problems have a major effect on self-reported work ability and productivity when compared with other chronic conditions.

Unfair Racial Treatment in Healthcare, Healthcare Utilization, and Health Status Among Black, Indigenous, Women of Color

Black, Indigenous, Women of Color (BIWOC) face well-documented health disparities in the United States. However, the extent to which recent experiences of unfair racial treatment in medical settings contribute to health disparities is not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine associations of experiencing unfair racial treatment by a provider during the most recent medical encounter with healthcare utilization and health status in BIWOC. We utilized multivariate logistic regression models to examine data from the Association of American Medical Colleges’ biannual Survey of Healthcare Access collected between 2012 and 2019. Data were extracted for 5,549 participants who identified both as a woman and a Black, Indigenous, Person of Color to generate our BIWOC sample of interest. Among BIWOC, experiencing unfair racial treatment during their most recent healthcare visit in the past year was associated with higher odds of delaying healthcare ( OR = 3.50, p < .001) and using the emergency department as their usual source of care ( OR = 1.54, p < .001). Experiencing unfair racial treatment was also associated with having chronic physical conditions ( OR = 1.31, p = .002), chronic depression ( OR = 1.56, p < .001), and activity limitations due to both emotional ( OR = 2.98, p < .001) and physical ( OR = 2.47, p < .001) impairment. Recent experience of racial discrimination by a healthcare provider was associated with lower healthcare utilization and poorer health status in a national sample of BIWOC. Reducing unfair treatment in healthcare settings is critical for improving BIWOC health.

Effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression on bitter taste receptor expression in mice

ObjectiveWith the rapid increase in the pace of life, people are facing increasing pressures of all kinds, and depression has gradually become a serious psychological disorder in human society, strongly affecting normal social and physiological activities. Depression can disrupt an individual's taste perception and potentially result in taste disorders by affecting and altering taste receptors. This disruption can consequently impact their food preferences and overall eating experiences. DesignIn this study, we used the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) method to establish a depression model in male C57BL/6 J mice and explored the changes in taste receptor expression in the lingual circumvallate papillae (CP) to elucidate the effects of depression on taste. After 6 weeks of CUMS, behavioral performance evaluations, such as forced swim, open field, and elevated plus maze tests, were conducted in depression model mice. A further two-bottle choice test was subsequently performed to determine the effect of depression on bitter taste, and the expression of bitter taste receptors in the lingual CP was detected via immunofluorescence staining. ResultsIn this study, we found for the first time that mice with CUMS-induced depression had decreased bitter taste sensitivity through a two-bottle choice test and demonstrated that the expression of T2r5, a receptor related to bitter taste perception, and the expression of secondary taste signaling proteins in the lingual CP were significantly decreased in mice exposed to CUMS, as determined via qRTPCR and immunofluorescence staining. ConclusionsOur study highlights how CUMS influences the perception of bitterness in the peripheral taste system, potentially elucidating stress-induced changes in eating habits.

Interleukin-11Rα2 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus affects depression-related behaviors and the AKT-BDNF pathway

Depression is a widespread emotional disorder with complex pathogenesis. An essential function of the hypothalamus is to regulate emotional disorders. However, further investigation is required to identify the pathogenic genes and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the onset of depression within the hypothalamus. Through RNA-sequencing analysis, this study identified the upregulated expression of interleukin-11 receptor alpha 2 (IL-11Rα2) in the hypothalamus of mice with chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression. This substantial increase in IL-11Rα2, not IL-11Rα1 expression levels in the hypothalamus under the influence of CUS was found to be associated with depression-related behaviors. We further showed that IL-11Rα2 is expressed in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamus. Male and female mice exhibited behaviors association with depression, when IL-11Rα2 or its ligand IL-11 was overexpressed in the ARC POMC neurons through the action of an adeno-associated virus. In addition, reductions in the expression levels of proteins involved in the protein kinase B signaling pathways and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were observed upon overexpression of IL-11Rα2 in the hypothalamic ARC. This study emphasizes the importance of IL-11Rα2 in the hypothalamus ARC in the development of depression, and presents it as a potential novel target for depression treatment.

Evaluation of the Antidepressant Effect of Propolis in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression Model in Rats

Evaluation of the Antidepressant Effect of Propolis in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression Model in Rats

Evaluation of Anti-Depressant Potential of Standardized Hydroethanolic Extract of S. barbata D. Don Using Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model

Background: S. barbata D. Don is a Chinese herb, that belongs to the family Lami-aceae. It has established traditional use in ethnomedicine for treating various ailments, includ-ing mood disorders and sleep disorders, which led to growing interest in exploring its neuro-logical potential, particularly as a potential anti-depressant agent. Aims: This study explores the anti-depressant potential of the HSBE utilizing a Chronic Un-predictable Mild Stress-induced depression model in mice. Additionally, the research aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: Swiss albino mice were subjected to a 3-week CUMS paradigm and subsequently administered HSBE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg via oral administration. The behavioral alterations were evaluated using the FST, TST, OFT, and SPT. Brain levels of serotonin, dopa-mine, and nor-epinephrine were estimated in different brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) to uncover the molecular mechanism. Additionally, assays for monoamine oxi-dase-A, monoamine oxidase-B, and antioxidant enzyme activities were conducted. Plasma ni-trite and corticosterone levels were also measured to get further insight into potential mecha-nisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of HSBE. Results: HSBE significantly ameliorated depressive-like behavior induced by CUMS para-digm, as evidenced by reduced immobility in FST and TST, increased locomotor activity in OFT, and improved sucrose preference in SPT. Neurochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of HSBE-treated mice, implying a potential regulation of monoaminergic neuro-transmitter levels. Moreover, biochemical analyses demonstrated a significant inhibition of both MAO-A and MAO-B activity, contributing to the increase of the brain levels of neuro-transmitters. The administration of HSBE also led to a significant enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced brain lipid peroxidation, indicating a pronounced antioxidant effect of HSBE. Furthermore, decreased plasma nitrite and corticosterone levels provided ad-ditional insights into HSBE's potential multi-targeted anti-depressant mechanism. Conclusion: This study indicates that HSBE exhibits robust anti-depressant properties, sup-ported by behavioral, neurochemical, and biochemical alterations. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of HSBE as a natural intervention for depressive disorders, warranting further clinical exploration.

Buprenorphine for the Treatment of Military-related PTSD With Treatment-resistant Depression and Unexpected Benefit for Chronic Pain: Case Report.

The prevalence of treatment-resistant depression within global and military populations highlights the need for novel treatment approaches beyond monoamine neurotransmitter modulators. Buprenorphine (BUP), a semi-synthetic partial opioid agonist, is approved for the treatment of opioid use disorder and has shown promise in treating both depression and chronic pain. This case report discusses the use of transdermal BUP in treating a 36 year-old man with treatment-resistant depression with prominent anhedonia, military-related posttraumatic stress disorder, and chronic pain because of barosinusitis. Significant reductions in anxious and depressive symptoms, including in anhedonia, were observed with lasting effects. An unexpected finding was the discontinuation of prescribed hydromorphone for pain, suggesting the potential unique benefit of BUP in treating chronic pain and treatment resistant depression comorbidities. These findings implicate the diverse beneficial potential of BUP in psychiatric treatments for military populations.

Upregulation of Phosphodiesterase 7A Contributes to Concurrent Pain and Depression via Inhibition of cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF Signaling and Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus of Mice.

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate AMP (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). PDE inhibitors can mitigate chronic pain and depression when these disorders occur individually; however, there is limited understanding of their role in concurrent chronic pain and depression. We aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of action of PDE using 2 mouse models of concurrent chronic pain and depression. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) to induce chronic neuropathic pain or injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to induce inflammatory pain, and both animals showed depression-like behavior. First, we determined the change in PDE expression in both animal models. Next, we determined the effect of PDE7 inhibitor BRL50481 or hippocampal PDE7A knockdown on PSNL- or CFA-induced chronic pain and depression-like behavior. We also investigated the role of cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and neuroinflammation in the effect of PDE7A inhibition on PSNL- or CFA-induced chronic pain and depression-like behavior. This induction of chronic pain and depression in the 2 animal models upregulated hippocampal PDE7A. Oral administration of PDE7 inhibitor, BRL50481, or hippocampal PDE7A knockdown significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity and depression-like behavior. Hippocampal PDE7 inhibition reversed PSNL- or CFA-induced downregulation of cAMP and BDNF and the phosphorylation of PKA, CREB, and p65. cAMP agonist forskolin reversed these changes and caused milder behavioral symptoms of pain and depression. BRL50481 reversed neuroinflammation in the hippocampus in PSNL mice. Hippocampal PDE7A mediated concurrent chronic pain and depression in both mouse models by inhibiting cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling. Inhibiting PDE7A or activating cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling are potential strategies to treat concurrent chronic pain and depression.

A study on the identification of factors related to depression in a population with an increasing number of chronic diseases in the short term in China based on a health ecology model

BackgroundThe rapid increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases and depression, as well as the rapid spread of their effects, have led to these two health problems gradually developing into major public health issues in China and around the world. Currently, many individuals with chronic diseases are experiencing depressive symptoms one after another. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct research on how to prevent depression in this growing population of individuals with chronic diseases in a timely manner. MethodsBased on the data of the 2015 and 2018 national follow-up surveys of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a total of 7641 patients with short-term increase in the number of chronic diseases were selected as the study objects, and a binary logistic regression model was constructed according to the five dimensions of the health ecology model. The neural network model was used to explore the main (first two) factors affecting the increase in the number of chronic diseases in China in the short term, and the random forest and extreme value gradient lifting algorithm were used to verify them, and effective suggestions were put forward. ResultsThe detection rate of depression in the population with increasing number of chronic diseases from 2015 to 2018 was 42.13 %. The model was established based on five dimensions of the health ecology model: Model 1 (Personal trait layer), Model 2 (Personal trait layer plus Behavioral feature layer), Model 3 (Personal trait layer plus Behavioral feature layer plus Living and working conditions layer), Model 4 (Personal trait layer plus Behavioral feature layer plus Living and working conditions layer plus Networking layer) and Model 5 (Personal trait layer plus Behavioral feature layer plus Living and working conditions layer plus Networking layer plus Policy environment layer).The prediction accuracy of the five models was 66.4 %, 68.3 %, 70.7 %, 71.6 % and 71.6 %, respectively, and Model 5 showed that the P values of gender, self-rated health, night's sleep time (h), disability, life satisfaction, child satisfaction, place of residence and highest level of education were all <0.05, life satisfaction and self-rated health importance were 0.249 (100 %) and 0.226 (90.8 %). ConclusionGender, self-rated health, night sleep duration, disability, satisfaction with life, satisfaction with children, place of residence and highest level of education were the main influencing factors for the increase of depressive symptoms in the population with chronic diseases in the short term, among which life satisfaction and self-rated health have the greatest impact on depressive symptoms, and there is an interaction between the two.

Association of the Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways as Possible Therapeutic Targets to Modulate Pain in Patients with Fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disorder characterized by widespread chronic pain, significant depression, and various neural abnormalities. Recent research suggests a reciprocal exacerbation mechanism between chronic pain and depression. In patients with FM, dysregulation of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been identified. Trp, an essential amino acid, serves as a precursor to serotonin (5-HT), a neuromodulator that influences mood, appetite, sleep, and pain perception through the receptors 5-HT1, 5-HT2, and 5-HT3. Additionally, Trp is involved in the kynurenine pathway, a critical route in the immune response, inflammation, and production of neuroactive substances and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The activation of this pathway by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), leads to the production of kynurenic acid (KYNA), which has neuroprotective properties, and quinolinic acid (QA), which is neurotoxic. These findings underscore the crucial balance between Trp metabolism, 5-HT, and kynurenine, where an imbalance can contribute to the dual burden of pain and depression in patients with FM. This review proposes a novel therapeutic approach for FM pain management, focusing on inhibiting QA synthesis while co-administering selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to potentially increase KYNA levels, thus dampening pain perception and improving patient outcomes.

Longitudinal relationships among number of chronic diseases, depression, and anxiety: A cross-lagged model analyses

BackgroundResearch is increasingly highlighting the intricate relationship between mental and physical health. However, longitudinal studies investigating the interplay between chronic diseases (CDs), depression and anxiety are still relatively scarce. This study aimed to delve into the longitudinal connections among these variables. MethodsThis study conducted a 4-year prospective survey involving 486 participants from rural communities in Shandong Province, China. The relationships among these variables were analyzed using multiple linear regression, cross-lagged path analysis, and multiple-group analysis. ResultsOur analysis revealed that the number of CDs reported at wave 1 significantly predicted anxiety levels (β = 0.126, p < .01) at wave 2, while depression symptoms also predicted anxiety (β = 0.220, p < .01) at wave 2. Furthermore, anxiety levels at wave 1 significantly predicted both the number of CDs (β = 0.219, p < .01) and depression symptoms (β = 0.160, p < .05) at wave 2. However, the study did not find support for a relationship between CDs and depression. ConclusionThe study uncovered a bidirectional association between CDs and anxiety, depression and anxiety, but found no direct longitudinal relationship between CDs and depression. Research has indicated that CDs indirectly affect depression through anxiety.

Efficacy of agomelatine on sleep disorders and lateral habenula neuronal activity in chronic restraint stress depression model mice.

Sleep disorders (SD) are one of the common manifestations of depression patients. This article aimed to explore the effect of Agomelatine (Ago) on SD in chronic restraint stress (CRS) depression model mice and its effect on the activity of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb). 30 C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal (C57BL/6J) group, CRS group, and Ago group. CRS experiment was used to establish the depression model, and Ago was used to treat CRS mice. Based on behavioral tests in mice and electrophysiology record, SD and LHb neuron activity were assessed. The expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nuclear phosphoprotein (c-Fos) in LHb were detected by Western blot (WB). As against the CRS group, the Ago group had a reduction in the immobility time during forced swimming training and an increase in the preference for sucrose in the sucrose preference test; The expression levels of c-Fos and BDNF proteins in the LHb neurons of the Ago group mice were lower than those in the CRS group (P < 0.05), and the values approached the levels of the normal control group. In both dark and light environments, the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration of the CRS group mice was significantly longer than that of the normal control group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that Ago may intervene in the depressive-like behavior and overall sleep patterns of CRS depression model mice by regulating the activity of LHb neurons and inhibiting the neuroinflammatory process. This provides a potential drug target for the development of new treatment strategies for depression.

Anxiety and Depression in Youth With Chronic Pain

For youth with chronic pain, anxiety and depression are reported as consequences of experiencing pain and maintaining factors of ongoing pain and disability. However, prevalence estimates of anxiety and depression remain unclear. To report the prevalence of clinical anxiety and depression for youth with chronic pain and compare symptoms of anxiety and depression between youth with and without chronic pain. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Embase from inception to April 30, 2023. Included studies that reported prevalence data or symptom scores for anxiety and/or depression in individuals younger than 25 years (mean, ≤18 years) with chronic pain and were published in English. From 9648 nonduplicate records, 801 full-text articles were screened. Screening and data extraction occurred in duplicate. Prevalence was determined using event rate calculations. Between-group symptom differences were calculated using Hedges g. Analyses were conducted using the random-effects model. Reporting bias and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation assessments were conducted. Prevalence of anxiety and depression (based on diagnosis and clinical cutoff scores) and differences in anxiety and depression symptoms. Moderators of prevalence and symptom differences were analyzed when data allowed. A total of 79 studies were included with a total sample of 22 956 youth (n = 12 614 with chronic pain). Most youth were female (mean, 74%), with an age range of 4 to 24 (mean [SD], 13.7 [2.10]) years. The prevalence estimate of anxiety diagnoses was 34.6% (95% CI, 24.0%-47.0%) and the portion that exceeded clinical cutoff scores was 23.9% (95% CI, 18.3%-30.6%). The prevalence of depression diagnoses was 12.2% (95% CI, 7.8%-18.7%) and the portion that exceeded clinical cutoff scores was 23.5% (95% CI, 18.7%-29.2%). Youth with chronic pain had greater symptoms of anxiety (g = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46-0.77) and depression (g = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.85) compared with controls. Sex, age, pain location, and recruitment sample may moderate anxiety and depression. Considerable heterogeneity was reported for all outcomes. Studies had a low reporting bias, and outcomes were moderate to high quality. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that 1 in 3 youth with chronic pain meet criteria for anxiety disorder, and 1 in 8 meet criteria for a depressive disorder. This represents a major clinical comorbidity. Moving forward, screening, prevention, and treatment of mental health should be important health care priorities for youth with chronic pain.

A forgotten pioneer in Australian psychiatry: Dr Edward Waldegrave Wardley (1813-1872).

British-born Dr Edward Waldegrave Wardley (MRCSL, 1842) is an unacknowledged pioneer in the history of mental health care in Australia. Between 1857 and 1872, he assisted in the development of a policy of non-restraint across lunatic asylums in New South Wales (NSW). He then went on to extend this approach to the treatment of NSW's criminally insane patients. In addition, he trialled experiments to intellectually engage educated psychiatric patients across the colony. A prolific writer, and sufferer of chronic depression, Dr Wardley serves as a unique example of a nineteenth-century alienist with lived experience of mental illness.

Depression with comorbid juvenile-onset fibromyalgia syndrome novel treatment plan using interpersonal psychotherapy: A case report.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) affects 2% to 4% of people, with increasing prevalence in Saudi Arabia reaching 13.4%. FMS can occur in adolescents, known as juvenile-onset fibromyalgia (JFM) with comorbidities including depression, anxiety, and psychological stress. Our patient presented to the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic at King Saud University Hospital Medical City. A year before coming to our clinic, at the age of 15 she was initially diagnosed with JFM followed by a comorbid persistent depressive disorder. As a novel treatment method, a combination treatment approach was used, including a pharmacological intervention with Duloxetine, and a non-pharmacological intervention with interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents. She completed 16 weeks of therapy while monitoring for duloxetine response and side effects. Depressive symptoms were in remission by treatment's end and continued to be in her first month posttreatment follow-up, and the FMS symptoms were also controlled. Our present case highlights a combined approach to treat depression and JFM in adolescents as a novel intervention method thus we strongly recommend utilizing it for similar cases.

The association among multiple-site chronic pain, sedentary behavior, and major depressive disorders: a mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have reported that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with sedentary behavior (SB) and multiple chronic pain (MCP), but their associations remain unclear. Mendelian randomization analysis was used to assess the association. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with MCP, SB [time spent watching television (Tel), using a computer (Com), or driving (Dri)], and MDD were collected from genome-wide association studies and screened as instrumental variants with a threshold of 1 × 10-5. Mendelian randomization was performed to examine their associations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate robustness. MCP was associated with a higher risk of MDD [odds ratio (OR) inverse variance weighting (IVW) = 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.64-2.15; P = 4.26 × 10-8), and causally related to SB (Tel: ORIVW = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19-1.26; P = 6.02 × 10-38) (Dri: ORIVW = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08; P = 3.92 × 10-5). Causality of SB on MCP was detected for Tel (ORIVW = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.39-1.53; P = 1.40 × 10-54) and Com (ORIVW = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93; P = 2.50 × 10-6). No association was observed for SB on MDD. There is currently insufficient evidence to support that leisure activities are a mediating factor in MCP-induced MDD. There are complex relationships among MCP, SB, and MDD. More research and learning about potential relationships and mechanisms among these phenotypes should be supplied.

Socioeconomic determinants and self-rated health among hotel housekeepers in the Balearic Islands (Spain).

Hotel housekeepers constitute an important occupational group in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Housekeeping is considered low-skilled and precarious and typically involves high physical demands and time pressure. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the socioeconomic determinants of health and hotel housekeepers' self-rated health. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Primary Health Care in the Balearic Islands (November 2018-February 2019). Hotel housekeepers over 18 years of age with free access to the Balearic Public Health System who had been employed during 2018 were eligible. We enrolled 1,043 hotel housekeepers; the mean score of health perceived status was 72.4/100 (SD 19.0). Those with a lower self-perceived health were statistically significant older, had Spanish nationality, lower level of studies, permanent or recurring seasonal contract, financial difficulties, a higher level of occupational stress, an external locus of control, reported work-life balance difficulties, were former smokers, insufficiently physical active and obese. We found lower scores in self-perceived health status score of -7.159 (CI95% -10.20- -4.12) among hotel housekeepers with osteoarthritis; -6.858 (CI95% -11.89- -1.82) among those with chronic depression; -3.697 (CI95% -6.08- -1.31) among those who reported difficulties in work-life balance; -2.414 (CI95% -4.69- -0.13) among participants who performed insufficient physical activity; -2.107 (CI% -4.44- -0.23) among those who reported financial strain. Lower self-rated health was also associated to a higher perceived stress, -1.440 (CI95% -2.09- -0.79); BMI (kg/m2), -0.299 (CI95% -0.53- -0.07); and longer time working as HH -0.177 (CI95% -0.33- -0.03). Our results underscore the importance of psychosocial (such as difficulties in work-life balance and occupational stress) and material factors (such as financial difficulties) when explaining differences in self-perceived health. Public health interventions aimed at improving health status must consider inequalities in material and working conditions.

Lifestyle factors, physical health, and life satisfaction under different changes in depressive symptoms among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal analysis.

The study aims to investigate the long-term impact of lifestyle-related factors and physical health on life satisfaction and depressive symptoms among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the analytic sample of this study included 1,068 older adults who had participated in the surveys in both 2011 and 2018. Multivariate regression was employed to analyze both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between lifestyle-related factors, physical health, and subjective well-being - specifically depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Additionally, the model tested how these factors correlate with life satisfaction across different groups of depressive symptom changes among older adults, categorized as not at risk of depression, intermittent depression, and chronic depression. Multimorbidity was significantly related to baseline and follow-up depressive risk in older adults. Shorter sleep duration was associated with baseline depression risk. Current alcohol drinkers reported significantly more severe depressive symptoms than non-drinkers. At baseline, current smokers were more likely to have a lower degree of life satisfaction than nonsmokers. Among older adults with chronic depression at the 7-year follow-up, former smokers tended to have lower life satisfaction than nonsmokers. Our findings identified drinking alcohol and having a shorter sleep duration as modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors for late-life depression and smoking as a detrimental factor for life satisfaction in older Chinese adults. Multimorbidity was a significant predictor of more depressive symptoms. Our findings have implications for future psychosocial interventions that target the alleviation of depressive symptoms and the promotion of life satisfaction in older Chinese people based on their different long-term mental and physical health conditions.