Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In Subjects Research Articles

The association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease, and its development and prognosis are influenced by many nutrients. However, the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and COPD remains unclear. Methods: This study searched all literature reports on PUFAs and COPD based on electronic databases from their inception up to October 2023. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in PUFAs between COPD patients and controls, the risk of COPD in subjects with different levels of PUFA concentrations, and the effect of PUFA supplementation on COPD. Results: A total of nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria, which included 155 636 subjects. Our meta-analysis results showed that the daily dietary intake of PUFAs was lower in COPD patients than in controls (SMD = -0.80 g, 95% CI: -1.28, -0.31 g, I2 = 98.6%, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the lower n-3 PUFA levels and higher n-6 PUFA levels were associated with an increased risk of COPD (effect size n-3 = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.98, I2 = 52.2%, P = 0.018; effect size n-6 = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43, I2 = 75.2%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the PUFA supplementation group was higher than that in the control group (SMD = 0.63 mg dL-1, 95% CI: 0.15, 1.12 mg dL-1, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.697). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicated a potential relationship between PUFAs and COPD. More large-scale prospective cohort studies and clinical trials are necessary to validate this relationship.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Quantification Using CT Texture Analysis and Densitometry: Results From the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to establish whether texture analysis and densitometry are complementary quantitative measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a lung cancer screening setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This was a retrospective study of data collected prospectively (in 2004-2010) in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial. The texture score, relative area of emphysema, and percentile density were computed for 1915 baseline low-dose lung CT scans and were evaluated, both individually and in combination, for associations with lung function (i.e., forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a percentage of predicted normal [FEV1% predicted]), diagnosis of mild to severe COPD, and prediction of a rapid decline in lung function. Multivariate linear regression models with lung function as the outcome were compared using the likelihood ratio test or the Vuong test, and AUC values for diagnostic and prognostic capabilities were compared using the DeLong test. RESULTS. Texture showed a significantly stronger association with lung function (p < 0.001 vs densitometric measures), a significantly higher diagnostic AUC value (for COPD, 0.696; for Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade 1, 0.648; for GOLD grade 2, 0.768; and for GOLD grade 3, 0.944; p < 0.001 vs densitometric measures), and a higher but not significantly different association with lung function decline. In addition, only texture could predict a rapid decline in lung function (AUC value, 0.538; p < 0.05 vs random guessing). The combination of texture and both densitometric measures strengthened the association with lung function and decline in lung function (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively, vs texture) but did not improve diagnostic or prognostic performance. CONCLUSION. The present study highlights texture as a promising quantitative CT measure of COPD to use alongside, or even instead of, densitometric measures. Moreover, texture may allow early detection of COPD in subjects who undergo lung cancer screening.

Polymorphic variants of glutamate receptor (GRIK5, GRIN2B) and serotonin receptor (HTR2A) genes are associated with chronic

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system that affects primarily distal respiratory pathways and lung parenchyma. Smoking tobacco is a major risk factor for COPD. The relationship of HTR4 (rs3995090), HTR2A (rs6313), GRIK5 (rs8099939), GRIN2B (rs2268132), and CHRNB4 (rs1948) gene polymorphisms and COPD, as well as the contribution of these polymorphisms to the variations in quantitative characteristics that describe respiratory function, smoking behavior, and nicotine dependence was assessed in an ethnically homogeneous Tatar population. The polymorphisms of HTR2A (rs6313) (P = 0.026, OR = 1.42 for the CC genotype) and GRIN2B (rs2268132) (P = 0.0001, OR = 2.39 for the TT genotype) were significantly associated with increased risk of COPD. The AA genotype of GRIK5 (rs8099939) had a protective effect (P = 0.02, OR = 0.61). Importantly, the HTR2A (rs6313), GRIN2B (rs2268132), and GRIK5 (rs8099939) polymorphisms were only associated with COPD in smokers. Smoking index (pack-years) was significantly higher in carriers of the GRIK5 genotype AC (rs8099939) (P = 0.0027). The TT genotype of GRIN2B (rs2268132) was associated with COPD in subjects with high nicotine dependence according to the Fagerstrom test (P = 0.002, OR = 2.98). The TT genotype of HTR2A (rs6313) was associated with a reduced risk of the disease in the group with moderate nicotine dependence (P = 0.02, OR = 0.22). The CC genotype of HTR2A (rs6313) and the TT genotype of GRIN2B (rs2268132) were associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence according to the Fagerstrom test (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.037). Our results may provide insight into potential molecular mechanisms that involve the glutamate (GRIK5, GRIN2B) and serotonin (HTR2A) receptor genes in the pathogenesis of COPD.

Polymorphic Variants of Glutamate Receptor (GRIK5, GRIN2B) and Serotonin Receptor (HTR2A) Genes Are Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system that affects primarily distal respiratory pathways and lung parenchyma. Smoking tobacco is a major risk factor for COPD. The relationship of HTR4 (rs3995090), HTR2A (rs6313), GRIK5 (rs8099939), GRIN2B (rs2268132), and CHRNB4 (rs1948) gene polymorphisms and COPD, as well as the contribution of these polymorphisms to the variations in quantitative characteristics that describe respiratory function, smoking behavior, and nicotine dependence was assessed in an ethnically homogeneous Tatar population. The polymorphisms of HTR2A (rs6313) (P = 0.026, OR = 1.42 for the CC genotype) and GRIN2B (rs2268132) (P = 0.0001, OR = 2.39 for the TT genotype) were significantly associated with increased risk of COPD. The AA genotype of GRIK5 (rs8099939) had a protective effect (P = 0.02, OR = 0.61). Importantly, the HTR2A (rs6313), GRIN2B (rs2268132), and GRIK5 (rs8099939) polymorphisms were only associated with COPD in smokers. Smoking index (pack-years) was significantly higher in carriers of the GRIK5 genotype AC (rs8099939) (P = 0.0027). The TT genotype of GRIN2B (rs2268132) was associated with COPD in subjects with high nicotine dependence according to the Fagerstrõm test (P = 0.002, OR = 2.98). The TT genotype of HTR2A (rs6313) was associated with a reduced risk of the disease in the group with moderate nicotine dependence (P = 0.02, OR = 0.22). The CC genotype of HTR2A (rs6313) and the TT genotype of GRIN2B (rs2268132) were associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence according to the Fagerstrõm test (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.037). Our results may provide insight into potential molecular mechanisms that involve the glutamate (GRIK5, GRIN2B) and serotonin (HTR2A) receptor genes in the pathogenesis of COPD.

The Effect of an Information Leaflet upon Knowledge and Awareness of COPD in Potential Sufferers

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is markedly under-diagnosed, which may be related to the under-reporting of symptoms and poor awareness of the disease. We hypothesized that written information on COPD may help increase awareness of the disease in people at risk of developing it. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of an information leaflet sent by postal mail on the level of knowledge of COPD in subjects with or at risk of COPD. Methods: A total of 860 subjects with or at risk of COPD were selected by using a phone questionnaire. All subjects who reported a known diagnosis of COPD, a chronic cough and sputum production, or a smoking history of at least 15 pack-years were eligible for selection. Their knowledge of COPD was assessed during a telephone interview (baseline). They were randomized into 2 groups, with only 1 group receiving the information leaflet, and were then contacted 3 months later for a second interview. The changes in the knowledge of COPD from baseline were compared between subjects who reported receiving and reading the leaflet (true sensitized group) and subjects to whom the leaflet was not sent (control group). Results: At the follow-up interview, the proportion of patients who spontaneously mentioned ‘respiratory difficulties’, when asked about the meaning of COPD, significantly increased in the true sensitized group (+11.9%) compared with the control group (+2.6%, p < 0.05). In addition, the frequency of patients who cited lung function test as the primary diagnostic tool for COPD increased by +14.4% in the true sensitized group versus+2.0% in the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no short-term leaflet-dependent improvement in smoking behaviour or utilization of health-care resources. Conclusions: This study shows that an information leaflet sent by postal mail to subjects with or at risk of COPD can significantly improve their knowledge of COPD; however, it has no significant impact on their behaviour.

There Is No Relationship between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Population Study

Background: Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are common diseases. Some recent studies suggest an increased prevalence of COPD among subjects with OSAS. Objectives: The study objective was to evaluate whether there is an epidemiological relationship between COPD and OSAS in a random population sample. Materials and Methods: The study population, 356 males (53%) and 320 females, mean age 56.6 ± 8.2 years (range 41–72), was selected from a voting list for parliamentary election in Warsaw. The investigation included lung diseases and smoking history with polysomnography and spirometry. Results: OSAS was diagnosed in 76 subjects (11.3%), 59 males (8.8%) and 17 females (2.5%), mean apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was 25.3 ± 16.1, mean overnight SaO₂ 92.1 ± 3.3%, minimum SaO₂ 76.9 ± 9.4%, and SaO₂ <90% = 18.9 ± 23.9% of total sleep time. COPD was diagnosed in 72 subjects (10.7%), 39 males and 33 females. Severity of airflow limitation was assessed according to European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines: mild in 70%, moderate in 22%, and severe in 8%. In 7 subjects (9.2% of OSAS population, 1% of total population) OSAS and COPD overlapped. Polysomnographic variables were compared between overlap (overlap syndrome, OS) and OSAS subjects. In the OS mean AHI was 19.0 versus 25.3 in OSAS (nonsignificant), mean SaO₂ 89.6 versus 92.3% in OSAS (p < 0.005), and time spent in SaO₂ <90% was 25.4 versus 18.2% in OSAS (p = 0.04). Conclusions: COPD in subjects with OSAS was as frequent as in the general population. In the OS group mean arterial blood saturation was lower and time spent in desaturation was longer than in OSAS. The presented data suggest a more severe course of sleep-disordered breathing in subjects with coexisting COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smoking animal farmers working inside confinement buildings.

In animal farming, respiratory disease has been associated with indoor air contaminants and an excess in FEV1 decline. Our aim was to determine the characteristics and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in never-smoking European farmers working inside animal confinement buildings. A sample of participants in the European Farmers' Study was selected for a cross-sectional study assessing lung function and air contaminants. Dose-response relationships were assessed using logistic regression models. COPD was found in 18 of 105 farmers (45.1 SD 11.7 years) (17.1%); 8 cases (7.6%) with moderate and 3 cases (2.9%) with severe disease. Dust and endotoxin showed a dose-response relationship with COPD, with the highest prevalence of COPD in subjects with high dust (low=7.9%/high=31.6%) and endotoxin exposure (low=10.5%/high=20.0%). This association was statistically significant for dust in the multivariate analysis (OR 6.60, 95% CI 1.10-39.54). COPD in never-smoking animal farmers working inside confinement buildings is related to indoor dust exposure and may become severe.