Chronic Inflammatory Cells Research Articles

Anti-HMGCR Autoantibodies in Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies Identify a Rare but Clinically Important Subset of Patients.

We aimed to establish the prevalence and clinical associations of anti-HMG-CoA-reductase (anti-HMGCR) in a large UK cohort with juvenile myositis. There were 381 patients investigated for anti-HMGCR using ELISA. Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies were detected in 4 patients (1%). These children had no or minimal rash and significant muscle disease. Muscle biopsies were considered distinctive, with widespread variation in fiber size, necrotic fibers, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates; all had prolonged elevation of creatine kinase and all ultimately received biologic therapies. Anti-HMGCR in UK children with myositis are associated with severe disease that is poorly responsive to standard treatment.

Kimura disease – A case report and review of the literature

Abstract Introduction Kimura disease (KD) is a benign chronic inflammatory disorder attributed to an immune mediated hypersensitivity. KD is commonly presented with unilateral subcutaneous tissue swelling in the head and neck area. The course is usually benign except for the potential cosmetic disfigurement. There is no consensus for the treatment of recurrent disease. Aim To illustrate a case of an uncommon cause of head and neck swelling. Case study A 41-year-old male presented with a recurrent painless swelling at his of right lower cheek swelling for 6-months. Head and neck examination revealed a 7 × 7 cm firm, non tender mass over the right mandibular region. Other systemic examination was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging of the mass showed a well defined lesion 6 × 3 × 5 cm in size anterior to the right body of mandible. Surgical excision of the mass was done and histopathological examination of the specimen showed fibrocollagenous and fibrofatty tissue infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells in the pattern of perivascular lymphoid aggregates. The infiltrate is composed predominantly of small lymphocytes and eosinophils. Results and discussion Here we described a rare cause of painless subcutaneous head and neck swelling that occurred in a middle-aged Asian man. KD usually presents as a painless subcutaneous soft-tissue swellings and associated with regional lymphadenopathy in the head and neck region. Diagnosis of KD is always a clinical dilemma with no specific diagnostic guideline. Though there is no consensus for the treatment of recurrent disease, the overall outcome is good as there is no association with malignancy. Conclusions KD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a recurrent head and neck mass.

Erratum to "Effect of roflumilast, novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, on lung chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice".

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (CGVHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Roflumilast has anti-inflammatory effects and has been used in the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases. It is at present unclear whether roflumilast may have a therapeutic role in CGVHD. To test this, we used the B10.D2 → BALB/c model of CGVHD to address the therapeutic effect of roflumilast on the development of CGVHD. Lungs of animals treated with roflumilast exhibited less chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the peribronchial and perivascular area versus allogeneic controls. To define the mechanism, we examined the expression of pro-inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines in the lung. Messenger RNA expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in the lungs was significantly reduced in recipients treated with roflumilast. Similar changes were observed in profibrotic cytokines and chemokines. In addition, the percentage of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs), which have the potential to attenuate GVHD, increased significantly within the CD4 + T cells with roflumilast in the lungs. In conclusion, roflumilast treatment attenuated murine lung CGVHD by blocking T-cell activation mediated by Tregs and downregulating pro-inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, resulting in the reduction of lung inflammation and fibrosis.

Xanthomatous Hypophysitis Is Associated with Ruptured Rathke's Cleft Cyst.

Xanthomatous hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland that can mimic a neoplastic lesion clinically and radiologically. Its pathogenesis remains largely unknown, although recent evidence suggests that pituitary inflammation may occur as a secondary reaction to mucous content released from a ruptured cyst. In a series of 1221 pituitary specimens, we identified seven cases of xanthomatous hypophysitis. Six patients had complete radiological and biochemical workup preoperatively: a cystic-appearing pituitary mass was identified in all six patients (100%) with a mean size of 2.0cm (range 1.4-2.5cm) on imaging, and pituitary endocrine dysfunction was noted in five patients (83.3%). In all cases, the pituitary mass was resected through an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach. Pathological examination revealed the presence of foamy macrophages admixed with variable amounts of giant cells and chronic inflammatory cells, confirming the diagnosis of xanthomatous hypophysitis. Additionally, all cases presented with concurrent findings of ruptured Rathke's cleft cyst, with the exception of one patient who had previous surgery for a Rathke's cleft cyst, followed by recurrence and diagnosis of xanthomatous hypophysitis. While accurate distinction of hypophysitis from a pituitary neoplasm can be problematic in the preoperative setting, the identification of a cystic lesion in the sella turcica should raise the possibility of such an entity in the clinical and radiological differential diagnosis. The current series provides further evidence that xanthomatous hypophysitis predominantly occurs as a secondary reaction to a ruptured Rathke's cleft cyst; thus, it is best classified as a secondary (reactive) hypophysitis.

Gambaran histopatologik lambung tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi minuman kopi (Coffea Arabica L)

Abstract: Coffee contains caffeine, a substance that triggers gastritis. Caffeine can stimulate the secretion of gastrin that induces secretion of HCl. HCl acid which overload can damage the gastric mucosa. This study was aimed to obtain the histopathological gastric changes in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) given coffee solution (Coffea arabica L). This experimental study used 20 rats divided into four groups (five rats per group). Group A, the negative control; group B, given a standard dose of coffe 223 mg/rat/day for 30 days; group C, given a double dose of 446 mg/rat/day for 30 days; and group D, given a triple dose 669 mg/rat/ay for 30 days. All rats were terminated on day-31. The results showed the histopathological changes of group B as chronic inflammatory cells and edema; group C, chronic inflammatory cells, edema, and erosion; group D, chronic inflammatory cells that reached the submucosal layer, edema, and erosion. Conclusion: Administration of coffee of standard dose (223 mg/day in 1 ml water) to rats for 30 days showed chronic gastritis. Administration of coffee of double dose (446mg/day in 2 ml water) for 30 days showed chronic erosive gastritis. Moreover, administration of coffee of triple dose (669 mg/day in 3 ml water) for 30 days showed chronic erosive gastritis and more severe inflammation.Keywords: coffee, gastritis Abstrak: Kopi diketahui mengandung kafein yang merupakan salah satu zat pencetus gastritis. Kafein dapat merangsang sekresi gastrin kemudian merangsang pengeluaran HCl yag bila berlebihan dapat merusak mukosa lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologik lambung tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi minuman kopi (Coffea Arabica L). Jenis penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan 20 ekor tikus yang dibagi dalam empat kelompok (lima ekor tikus setiap kelompok). Kelompok A tidak diberi perlakuan; kelompok B diberi dosis standar kopi 223 mg/tikus/hari selama 30 hari; kelompok C diberi dosis dua kali lipat 446 mg/tikus/hari selama 30 hari; dan kelompok D diberi dosis tiga kali lipat 669 mg/tikus/hari selama 30 hari. Semua tikus diterminasi pada hari ke-31. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran histopatologik lambung tikus wistar pada kelompok B, berupa sel radang kronik dan edema; kelompok C, sel radang kronik, edema dan erosi; dan kelompok D, gambaran sel radang kronik yang mencapai lapisan submukosa, edema, serta erosi. Simpulan: Pemberian minuman kopi dengan dosis standar (223 mg/hari dalam 1 ml pelarut air) pada tikus selama 30 hari, menunjukkan gambaran histopatologik gastritis kronik. Pemberian kopi dengan dosis 2 kali lipat (446 mg/hari dalam 2 ml pelarut air) pada tikus selama 30 hari menunjukkan gambaran histopatologik berupa gastritis kronik erosif. Pemberian kopi dengan dosis 3 kali lipat (669 mg/hari dalam 3 ml pelarut air) pada tikus selama 30 hari menunjukkan gambaran histopatologik berupa gastritis kronik erosif dengan peradangan lebih hebat.Kata kunci: kopi, gastritis

Low-Initial-Modulus Biodegradable Polyurethane Elastomers for Soft Tissue Regeneration.

The mechanical match between synthetic scaffold and host tissue remains challenging in tissue regeneration. The elastic soft tissues exhibit low initial moduli with a J-shaped tensile curve. Suitable synthetic polymer scaffolds require low initial modulus and elasticity. To achieve these requirements, random copolymers poly(δ-valerolactone-co-ε-caprolactone) (PVCL) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were combined into a triblock copolymer, PVCL-PEG-PVCL, which was used as a soft segment to synthesize a family of biodegradable elastomeric polyurethanes (PU) with low initial moduli. The triblock copolymers were varied in chemical components, molecular weights, and hydrophilicities. The mechanical properties of polyurethanes in dry and wet states can be tuned by altering the molecular weights and hydrophilicities of the soft segments. Increasing the length of either PVCL or PEG in the soft segments reduced initial moduli of the polyurethane films and scaffolds in dry and wet states. The polymer films are found to have good cell compatibility and to support fibroblast growth in vitro. Selected polyurethanes were processed into porous scaffolds by a thermally induced phase-separation technique. The scaffold from PU-PEG1K-PVCL6K had an initial modulus of 0.60 ± 0.14 MPa, which is comparable with the initial modulus of human myocardium (0.02-0.50 MPa). In vivo mouse subcutaneous implantation of the porous scaffolds showed minimal chronic inflammatory response and intensive cell infiltration, which indicated good tissue compatibility of the scaffolds. Biodegradable polyurethane elastomers with low initial modulus and good biocompatibility and processability would be an attractive alternative scaffold material for soft tissue regeneration, especially for heart muscle.

Histological morphology and pathological changes in liver of rats naturally infected with larval stage Cysticercus fasciolaris of Taeniae taeniaeformis

The aim of this study is to describe the morphology of Cysticercus fasciolaris by using light microscopy, and the pathological changes in the liver of rats naturally infected. A total of 50 liver specimens of local rats (Wister rats) were collected for examination. The gross lesions showed the presence of single or multiple cysts. Microscopic findings revealed the presence of larvae within the cysts which represent the larvae Cysticercus fasciolaris of the adult parasite Taeniae taeniaeformis which inhabited the small intestine of the domestic cats surrounded by fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with inflammatory cells (mononuclear cells and plasma cells). These lesions cause pressure atrophy to the adjacent hepatic parenchyma. In advanced hepatic infection there is a tendency to undergo neoplastic changes (fibroma). Other pathological lesions seen in the liver parenchyma were necrosis, apoptosis with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in the portal area, in addition; to formation of early granulomas with congestion of blood vessels which contain neutrophiles in their lumina with extensive area of hemorrhages in liver parenchyma. In conclusion the C. fasciolaris infction induce hepatic neoplasia in rat livers (fibroma) in advance cases of heavy infection, which could be developed to fibrosarcoma in future.

Discharging sinus of neck after thyroid surgery:A rare case report

There are a number of complications after thyroid surgery such as compressing hematoma, tracheomalacia, wound infection, damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve or superior laryngeal nerve, hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, scar formation, and thyroid storm, but discharging skin sinus of the neck is a rare complication. We report a case of discharging pus sinus of the neck after hemithyroidectomy for 1 year; pus culture was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thyroid function test was normal. Ultrasonography disclosed branching sinus tracts and right lobe thyroid nodule and the left lobe not visualized. Sinus tracts' excision surgery was done. Histopathology report revealed fibrocollagenous stroma with clusters of epithelioid cells, histiocytes, Langhans giant cells, and chronic inflammatory cells with foci of caseous necrosis. The diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis (TB) was therefore made. Patient was put on isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. She responds well. Although seldom observed, TB should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of discharging sinus of neck.

Joint Sonography in Patient with Hematoidin Crystals in a Clinically Suspected Septic Arthritis

Hematoidin is an erythrocyte derived product without containing iron. It is rare to find intracellular and extracellular hematoidin crystals in joint effusion. Sonographic description was never described before. We present a case of monoarthritis in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis and compare his sonographic findings with CT scan and MRI and pathologic findings. Case report and literature review. This 40 year-old man, Taiwanese aboriginal Atayal, with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus presented with left knee swelling of acute onset for 1 week. CT scan at emergency room showed free air within the joint effusion Ultrasound was performed and showed heteroechoic thickening of the synovium with focal hyperemia and hyperechoic lines suggesting free air in the synovium. There was also superficial enhancement of the articular cartilage layer. MRI of the knee showed no nodular proliferation of the synovium with lobulated margins or blooming artefact on gradient echo suggesting pigmented villonodular synovitis. Joint aspiration and synovial fluid analysis revealed the presence of intracellular and extracellular hematoidin which is a yellow, rhomboid plate. Joint bacterial culture was negative. He received joint synovectomy and no micro-organism was identified. Pathology showed focal necrosis with acute and chronic inflammatory cells in the synovium. Hematoidin is a soluble crystal which is seldom present in the synovial fluid. Previous report also showed that hematoidin is present in patients with staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis preceded by previous repeated previous repeated traumatic injuries. Here we presented the sonographic findings of a joint inflamed by the presence of hematoidin crystals.

EFFECT OF AN ANTI-HEPATITIS C VIRAL DRUG ON RAT SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND

Background: In the last 3 years, hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment has undergone significant changes. Sofosbuvir is a new drug; it is a nucleotide analogue that is a highly potent inhibitor of the nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) polymerase in HCV.Methodology: 30 adult male albino rats weighing about ±200 gm were used. The rats were divided into three groups 10 rats each. Group I(control group) received distilled water. Group II received sofosbuvir 40 mg/kg/day dissolved in distilled water for 45 days. Group III received sofosbuvir 40 mg/kg/day dissolved in distilled water for 90 days. All animals were sacrificed by ketamine overdose. The submandibular salivary glands were dissected. Specimens were examined histologically, immunohistochemically using anti- nuclear factor κ B antibody, histomorphomotry and statistically.Results: Group I showed normal histological structure for the ducts and acini however, group II showed acinar and ductal vacuolization, discontinuity of the epithelial lining with retained secretion in the excretory duct, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. These changes were accentuated in group III accompanied by acinar and ductal shrinkage. Immunohistochemical results of group І showed negative immunoreactivity for NF-κB in nuclei of the acini and ducts with very weak cytoplasmic reaction. However group II showed moderate nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for NF-κB in the acinar and ductal cells. Regarding group III, the ductal and acinar cells exhibited strong immunoreaction in their nuclei and cytoplasm. Statistical results proved that the difference in the mean values were statistically highly significant between groups II & I, groups III & I and groups II & III.Conclusion: We concluded that sofosbuvir may affect the function of submandibular salivary gland through increased ROS levels in acinar and ductal cells leading to degenerative effect.

Jianpi Qingchang decoction alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation.

AIMTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Jianpi Qingchang decoction (JPQCD) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice.METHODSC57BL/c mice were injected intragastrically with 5% DSS instead of drinking water for 7 d, and their body weight, diarrhea severity and fecal bleeding were monitored, while the mice in the control group were treated with standard drinking water, without DSS. After 7 d, the DSS drinking water was changed to normal water and the DSS group continued with DSS water. The control and DSS groups were given normal saline by intragastric injection. The 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) group was treated orally with 5-ASA at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily. The JPQCD group was treated orally with JPQCD at a dose of 17.1 g/kg daily. On day 14, the colon length was measured, the colorectal histopathological damage score was assessed, and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in colon supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB and inhibitor of kappa B.RESULTSAcute inflammation occurred in the mice administered DSS, including the symptoms of losing body weight, loose feces/watery diarrhea and presence of fecal blood; all these symptoms worsened at 7 d. The colons of mice treated with DSS were assessed by histological examination, and the results confirmed that acute inflammation had occurred, as evidenced by loss of colonic mucosa and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, and these features extended into the deeper layer of the colon walls. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the DSS group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the JPQCD and 5-ASA groups were lower than those in the DSS group after treating with JPQCD and 5-ASA. Comparing with the DSS group, the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NF-κB was significantly reduced by 5-ASA and JPQCD. The difference between JPQCD and 5-ASA groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Comparing with the DSS group, due to using JPQCD and 5-ASA, significant suppression of activation in DSS-induced NF-κB and increased phosphorylation of IκB in mice with experimental colitis occurred (P < 0.05). The difference between the JPQCD group and the 5-ASA group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONActivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is inhibited by JPQCD, which shows the potential mechanism by which JPQCD treats UC.

Morphological characteristics of reflux gastritis

Aim. To study morphological features of gastric mucosa in duodenogastric reflux and the connection of the latter with the level of acidity of gastric contents, presence of H. pylori infection and contractile function of the gallbladder. &#x0D; Methods. 65 patients were examined: 10 people were included in control group, and in 55 patients reflux gastritis was identified according to gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric contents were analyzed for the level of acidity and concentration of bile acids. For all patients histological examination of biopsy material of gastric mucosa at the level of the body and antrum was performed. &#x0D; Results. Correlation between the acidity level and the concentration of bile acids in gastric contents taken from an empty stomach was found (r=-0.408; p=0.033). In patients with H. pylori pH-level was higher compared to the control group (p=0.047), at the same time the level of bile acids had no significant difference in both groups. Discharge coefficient of the gallbladder in patients with duodenogastric reflux did not differ from the control group. In patients with duodenogastric reflux significant differences from the control group were found in the rate of such morphological signs as chronic inflammatory cell infiltration (p=0.013) and mucosal edema (p=0.032) at the level of the antrum, foveolar hyperplasia at the level of the body of the stomach (p=0.0315). &#x0D; Conclusion. The degree of duodenogastric reflux has a correlation with acidity of gastric juice; presence or absence of H. pylori does not affect the degree of duodenogastric reflux in primary reflux gastritis; pathomorphological features of duodenogastric reflux are gastric mucosa edema and chronic inflammation at the level of the antrum, foveolar hyperplasia at the level of the body of stomach.

Study of Effects of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), in Scar-Induced Skin Wounds in Rats Wistar: The New Clinical Perspective for Ulcers

Photodynamic therapy today is becoming an important role in the healing of lacerated tissues, since it has therapeutic resources capable of accelerating this process. One treatment option is the clinical phototherapy, and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is being widely used. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PDT on the healing of skin wounds in rats. We used a sample of 39 male rats Wistar divided into three groups, a control, a PDT-treated green and red with the last PDT. After 24 hours before the surgical incisions, PDT was used in both groups for 6 minutes and was evaluated in histological level, the inflammatory reaction and the repair process. The results showed that the granulation tissue was more developed in the irradiated group than in the control group and the amount of chronic inflammatory cells (monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells) predominated with green phototherapy. The epithelialization in the wound margins and scarring with better quality occurred with red PDT (640 nm), which the higher deposition was of collagen. However, phototherapy not collimated of 640 nm (red) resulted in better anti-inflammatory effects. Given these answers with phototherapy not collimated green (525 nm) and red (640 nm), we conclude that the use of these wavelengths is possible with benefits, mainly with red LED.

Direct orthotopic implantation of hepatic organoids

BackgroundLiver organoids show potential for development as a tissue replacement therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease, but efficient methods for introducing organoids into host livers have not been established. In this study, we aimed to develop a surgical technique to implant hepatic organoids into the liver and assess their engraftment. MethodsDonor hepatocytes were isolated from ROSA26 C57BL/6 mice, so that engrafted cells, when implanted into wild-type mice, could be easily identified by X-gal staining. Hepatic organoids were generated by three-dimensional culture in rotating wall vessel bioreactors. We qualitatively and quantitatively compared organoid engraftment to that of single-cell hepatocyte transplants. In addition, we determined the effect of adding stellate cells to hepatocytes to form co-aggregated organoids and the effect of partial hepatectomy of the host liver on organoid engraftment. ResultsDirect orthotopic implantation of hepatic organoids within a hepatotomy site resulted in local engraftment of exogenous hepatocytes with limited durability. Hepatocyte-stellate cell organoids produced more extracellular matrix but did not significantly improve engraftment compared with hepatocyte-alone organoids. Partial hepatectomy of the host liver led to significantly decreased engraftment of organoids. Survival of organoids was limited by the presence of apoptotic hepatocytes within organoids as early as 1 h after implantation. Organoids eventually became necrotic and elicited a chronic inflammatory giant cell reaction similar to a foreign body response. ConclusionsWith additional organoid and host factor optimization, direct orthotopic implantation of hepatic organoids may be an approach to introduce large numbers of exogenous hepatocytes into recipient livers.

Tuberculosis in captive sloth bear (Melursus urcinus)

A carcass of 10 year old male Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) from Maharaj Bag Zoo, Nagpur was brought for a post mortem examination with the history of illness since 15 days and no response to the treatment. The postmortem examination revealed pale mucous membrane, hide bound condition and dehydration. Both the lungs revealed presence of large numbers of caseative nodules of various sizes with enlarged and calcified mediastinal lymphnodes.The impression smears prepared from the caseative nodules of lung showed abundant acid fast tubercular bacilli. Histopathological examination of lungs revealed areas of typical granulomatus reaction with caseasation and aggregation of chronic inflammatory cells and sever thickening of inter alveolar septa due to deposition of fibrin, inflammatory cells, and erythrocytes

Role of IL-17A in murine models of COPD airway disease.

Small airway fibrosis is a major pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is refractory to current treatments. Chronic inflammatory cells accumulate around small airways in COPD and are thought to play a major role in small airway fibrosis. Mice deficient in α/β T cells have recently been shown to be protected from both experimental airway inflammation and fibrosis. In these models, CD4+Th17 cells and secretion of IL-17A are increased. However, a pathogenic role for IL-17 in specifically mediating fibrosis around airways has not been demonstrated. Here a role for IL-17A in airway fibrosis was demonstrated using mice deficient in the IL-17 receptor A (il17ra) Il17ra-deficient mice were protected from both airway inflammation and fibrosis in two different models of airway fibrosis that employ COPD-relevant stimuli. In these models, CD4+ Th17 are a major source of IL-17A with other expressing cell types including γδ T cells, type 3 innate lymphoid cells, polymorphonuclear cells, and CD8+ T cells. Antibody neutralization of IL-17RA or IL-17A confirmed that IL-17A was the relevant pathogenic IL-17 isoform and IL-17RA was the relevant receptor in airway inflammation and fibrosis. These results demonstrate that the IL-17A/IL-17 RA axis is crucial to murine airway fibrosis. These findings suggest that IL-17 might be targeted to prevent the progression of airway fibrosis in COPD.

The effect of zinc oxide based sealer on bone defects healing

Summary Introduction Obturation as the final phase of endodontic treatment aims to provide complete hermetic filling along the entire length of the canal system from the coronal opening to the apical end. The aim of this study was to evaluate histological response of bone tissue on the implantaton of zinc oxide based material in artificially prepared defect in the mandible of rats. Material and method For the experiment, sixteen male Wistar rats were used. Using sterile steel burs a defect was made in mandible, between the midline and mental foramen. Zinc oxide based sealer was implanted in the defects of experimental group while the defects of control group healed spontaneously. One half of animals in both groups were sacrificed after thirty days, and the second half after ninety days. Microscopic preparations consisted of the defect with surrounding bone and after processing were analysed using light microscopy. Results The thirtieth day after implantation of the material, fibrovascular connective tissue was noted, with scant chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. Away from the experimentally made defect, in the depth of the bone, lamellar bone with well-formed larger osteons was noted as well as enlarged Volkmann and Haversian canals. Ninety days after implantation of the material, there was no restitutio ad integrum, but intense focal remodelling of bone tissue was noted. Conclusion Endomethasone N slowed down bone tissue healing process by showing the signs of prolonged inflammation in bone tissue in which it has been implanted. Extension of the healing process is reflected in the slow replacement of fibrovascular connective tissue with newly formed bone tissue.

Assessment of air pollution effects in the subjects of Khartoum industrial area, Sudan via cytological interpretations

The study was conducted to assess the air pollution-related lung cellular proliferative activity and inflammatory cells infiltrate among Sudanese subjects, who worked at least 8 hours per day. A total of seventy-five workers who worked for at least 5 years in the polluted area were included, sputum/ blood samples were collected to evaluate the cytological atypia and metaplasia.Out of 75 subjects, Cytological atypia and metaplasia were detected among 8% and 16% of the participant respectively, and such types of changes due to the exposure of occupational air pollution were found to be statistically significant (P= 0.01 ). Similarly, acute and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate were identified among 10.7% and 14.7% of the study subject respectively; the changes was statistically significant compared to control (P= 0.001). Exposure to occupational air pollutant was associated with alteration in cells of lungs such atypia, acute and chronic inflammatory cells. This finding supports the earlier studies that long exposure to air pollutants is associated to lung atypical alterations.&#x0D; Keywords: Lung epithelial, air pollution hazards, Sudan

A case of blue vitiligo

A 26-year-old male patient presented with facial depigmented patches for 10 years, some of which turned to blue-grey 7 years prior to the presentation. Before the white patches turned blue-gray, the patient developed contact dermatitis due to topical application of self-made drugs. Skin examination showed blue-gray hyperpigmentation on the left upper lip and in the temporal region, with white hairs in the hyperpigmented lesions on the left upper lip. Dermoscopy revealed irregularly shaped, light to dark blue-gray patches on the left upper lip, which were intermingled with white patches in some regions, and white hair stubs were observed in the white patches. Histopathological examination of temporal lesions showed decreased melanocytes in some regions in the epidermis, pigmentation in both basal and suprabasal layers, perivascular infiltration of a small number of chronic inflammatory cells and melanophages in the superficial dermis, and melanophage infiltration around sweat ducts. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with blue vitiligo. He refused to receive any treatments, and follow-up was under way. Key words: Vitiligo; Skin manifestations; Pathologic processes; Mixed vitiligo; Blue vitiligo

Stem Cell Marker Expression in Persistent Apical Periodontitis

IntroductionThis study evaluated the expression of CD90 (mesenchymal stem cell) and Sox2 (progenitor stem cell) markers in persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) (n = 16) and primary periapical lesions (PPLs) (n = 10). MethodsAll samples were classified histologically according to the intensity of inflammatory cell infiltrate in the periapical lesion. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD90 and Sox2 in PAP and PPLs. The Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze data at the 5% significance level. ResultsCD90 expression was found in mesenchymal cells and vascular endothelial cells of 68.5% of all cases of PAP. There was no correlation between CD90 expression and histopathological diagnosis (P = .053) or inflammatory cell infiltrate intensity (P = .112). CD90 staining was predominantly found in the vascular endothelial cells of 30% (n = 3) of PPLs. CD90 expression was significantly higher in PAP than in PPLs (Mann-Whitney U test, P < .05). Sox2 expression was found in all cases of PAP. Eventually, all mesenchymal and chronic inflammatory cells exhibited Sox2 expression. There was no correlation between Sox2 expression and histopathological diagnoses (P = .749), inflammatory cell infiltrate intensity (P = .510), or acute or chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate (P = .256). Sox2 expression was found in 100% of PPLs. There was no difference in Sox2 expression between PAP and PPLs (P = .477). ConclusionsMesenchymal stem cells may contribute to the immunosuppressive environment in PAP. Additionally, distinct stem cell sources may be associated with the chronic nature of PAP as well as with the development of PPLs.