Profile Of Chronic Disease Research Articles

Profile of End Stage Chronic Kidney Disease due to Obstructive Uropathy Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Introduction. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition of gradual decline in kidney function and ability caused by various kidney diseases. CKD can be caused by several conditions, including obstructive uropathy. Hemodialysis is one of the therapy options for CKD patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile of CKD due to obstructive uropathy patients at Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang, who underwent hemodialysis. Methods. This study is a descriptive observational research with a cross sectional design, which uses secondary data taken from medical records of patients with end-stage CKD due to obstructive uropathy who undergo hemodialysis in the hemodialysis unit of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang, for the period of 2021-2023. Result. Based on the gender, there were more male patients than female patients (53.13%:46.87%) were females. Hypertension comorbidity was the highest percentage, 71.88%. Based on various conditions, urinary tract stones were the highest cause of obstructive uropathy compared to other causes with a percentage of 62.5%. Conclusion. The result showed that patients were predominantly male with comorbid hypertension. The most common cause of obstructive uropathy in this study was urinary tract stones. Keywords: chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, obstructive uropathy

Study of clinico-etiological and laboratory profile of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents in tertiary care center

Study of clinico-etiological and laboratory profile of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents in tertiary care center

Epidemiological profile of chronic renal disease in obese people: prospective study in avicenna military hospital - marrakech

Epidemiological profile of chronic renal disease in obese people: prospective study in avicenna military hospital - marrakech

Sociodemographic Profile and Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases - Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Participants of a Voluntary Health Action in the Municipality of Guarujá - SP.

Sociodemographic Profile and Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases - Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Participants of a Voluntary Health Action in the Municipality of Guarujá - SP.

Clinico-etiological profile of chronic liver disease in females: A cross-sectional observational study in Eastern Indian set-up

Abstract Background: There are notable distinctions in the epidemiology, progression, symptoms, and treatment responses observed between males and females with chronic liver disease (CLD). Women tend to exhibit a higher prevalence of acute liver failure, autoimmune hepatitis, benign liver lesions, primary biliary cirrhosis, and toxin-induced liver injury compared with men. This study investigated the clinical and pathological characteristics of CLD in female patients admitted to a tertiary healthcare facility in eastern India. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult female patients meeting the criteria for CLD. Comprehensive medical histories were obtained, physical examinations were conducted, and various investigations were performed, including complete blood count, liver function tests, urea, creatinine, and electrolyte levels. Additionally, all cases underwent whole abdomen ultrasound, with selected cases undergoing further viral profiling and upper gastrointestinal workups. The collected data underwent statistical analysis. Results: Among the 80 cases of CLD examined in our study, 62.5% fell within the age range of 41–60 years. Metabolic dysfunction associated with steatohepatitis (MASH) and hepatitis C were identified as the primary causes of CLD, collectively accounting for 50% of all cases. Specifically, 25% of cases were attributed solely to hepatitis C, whereas another 25% were attributed solely to MASH. Additionally, two cases presented with a combination of MASH and hepatitis C. Pallor and jaundice were the most frequently observed clinical findings. Notably, autoimmune hepatitis tended to occur in younger females, whereas MASH was more prevalent in those aged over 51 years. Conclusion: There are distinctions based on gender concerning the causes, advancement, natural course, complications, and outlook of CLD cases. Therefore, it is essential to consider gender-specific traits when diagnosing and treating CLD in females.

Immunophenotypic Profile of Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases in the State of Rio Grande Do Norte, Northeast, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases (CLPD) are considered as a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by monoclonal expansion and accumulation of apparently mature lymphocytes, which have a proliferative and/or survival advantage over normal lymphocytes in different organs such as bone marrow, peripheral blood and lymph nodes. This translates into the progressive accumulation of clonal cells and their products, causing peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytosis, in addition to lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly or other organomegaly. According to the World Health Organization, which reflects the international consensus and is based on pathological, genetic and clinical factors, lymphoproliferative neoplasms are classified according to the stage of maturation and the lineage where the neoplastic transformation occurs through flow cytometry (FC). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the immunophenotypic diagnostic profiles of patients with CLPD in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil by FC. METHODOLOGY: Were investigated 884 patients with CLPD of both sexes through CF with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to CLPD. In addition, other patient information, such as age, gender, and clinical and hematological data were also collected. RESULTS: The results showed that 89.7% of the cases were B Cell CLPD (B-CLPD) and 10.3% T and natural killer cells (T/NK-CLPD). The distribution of B-CLPD cases were as follows: 487 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; 18 B-Cell Pro-lymphocytic leukemia; 25 Hairy cell leukemia; 6 variant Hairy cell leukemia; 6 Follicular lymphoma leukemized; 4 Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes; 33 Mantle cell lymphoma; 4 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia; 69 Multiple myeloma; 14 Plasma cell leukemia; 11 Burkitt's lymphoma and 117 Leukemic Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Table 1). The distribution of CLPD-T/NK was as follows: 12 Large granular lymphocytic leukemia; 14 T-Cell prolymphocytic leukemia; 18 Adult T-cell leukemia; 20 Sézary syndrome; and 24 Peripheral T-Cell lymphoma and 2 DLPC-NK (Table 1). DISCUSSION: The B-CLPD are the most commonly observed corresponding to more than 85% of all cases and are characterized by the presence of clonal B lymphocytes with expression of a single type of immunoglobulin light chain (kappa or lambda) in a proportion greater than 1/10, associated the strong positivity of Pam-B antigens such as CD19, CD22 and CD20 and the absence or low expression of Pam-T antigens. However, other antigens such as CD200, CD5, FMC7, CD79b and CD103, among others, may be present or absent, specifically characterizing these entities as Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (weak CD22+; CD200+, CD5+, FMC7-, CD79b-), Hairy cells leukemia (strong CD22+; FMC7+; CD79b+; CD5-; CD200-; CD103+; CD123+; CD11c+ and Follicular lymphoma (strongCD22+/CD20+, CD10+, CD200-, CD79B+, FMC7+). T/NK-CLPD are less frequent and are characterized by the expression of Pan-T antigens CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD28 and TCL-1, with clonality evidenced by strong positivity of TCRα/β in most cases and increase of TCD4+ or TCD8+ lymphocytes in a ratio above 1:10 in most cases. In this group, large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLG) is a rare type of T/NK cell CLPD characterized by peripheral and medullary infiltration of large hypergranular lymphocytic cells, comprising about 2-5% of all cases, the most commonly seen being CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION: The results presented demonstrate that immunophenotyping is a defining technique for clarifying the diagnosis of patients with CPLD, clonality was also successfully characterized in the investigated cases of CPLP of B ,T and NK lineages.

Epidemiological state, patient’s characteristics, and COVID-19 vaccination levels in Algeria

Since the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19 disease, has been declared a “public health emergency of international concern” by the World Health Organization, epidemiological plans of control and investigation were established. In this study we aim to identify the epidemiological situation, mortality rates, and vaccination response in the population of Oum el Bouaghi, Algeria from March 2021 to March 2022. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 confirmed cases, and vaccination data were collected from the Health and Population Directorate (HPD), as well as the COVID-19 unit in the Mohemed Boudiaf Public Hospital Establishment. The epidemiological profiles of the COVID-19 patients, along with cumulative number of people vaccinated depending on vaccine’s type were reported by numbers, percentages, curves and graphic histograms. The epidemiology of Covid-19 infection in Oum el Bouaghi, was similar to that recorded in many countries during the study period. It experienced two peaks, in August 2021 and in January 2022 which coincided with Delta and Omicron variants respectively. A total of 2068 COVID-19 cases were reported, with the average age of 54 and a female predominance (57%). Furthermore, people beyond the age of 40, especially over 65 years were the most hospitalized category (43% and 31% respectively), and presented the highest rate of morality (36% and 56% respectively).Among the 1510 hospitalized cases 169 (11%) patients passed away. They had a high profile of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (high blood pressure/heart disease) 48% and diabetes 43%.Of a total of 84.047 people vaccinated, 59% were men, and 77% preferred Sinovac. People over 65 years had the highest vaccination rate (42%). People with chronic diseases accounted for 74% of the vaccinated population, clinicians and health professionals 7% and the rest of the population presented only 19%.In conclusion, People above 65 years with comorbidities appeared to be more susceptible to present the severe form of the infection. The quarantine adopted by Algeria and the strict precautionary measures has allowed the return to stability and a gradual reduction of positive cases. Additionally OEB had a medium participation in vaccination, with a dominance of people with chronic diseases. This perfectly meets the mechanism of COVAX and the indications of the Algerian High Authority of Health.

Clinico-epidemiological profile and disease severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients in a primary care centre at central Kerala

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles and are not fully reversible. COPD represents an important public health challenge that is both preventable and treatable. The aim of this study was to describe the clinico-epidemiological profile of COPD patients and to assess the disease severity using spirometry among respiratory symptomatic in a primary care centre. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the COPD patients attending monthly pulmonology clinic in Urban Health centre, Ettumanoor, Kottayam from June to August 2019. The study comprised of 120 patients with symptoms suggestive of COPD attending the monthly respiratory clinic. Severity of airflow limitation assessed using spirometry results based on GOLD criteria. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected using a semi structured interview schedule. Results: The mean age of the participants were 64±12 and 51.7% were males. The median duration of COPD symptoms for the study participants was 10 (IQR 11) years and 62.5% were having productive cough with dyspnoea as the major symptom. All males except two were smokers and the mean packyears were 42±4 years. As per GOLD guidelines 44 (36.7%) had severe disease, 11 (9.2%) had mild, 39 (32.5%) had moderate and 26 (21.7%) had very severe disease. The average forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in study subjects was 54.8±7.5. Conclusions: In view of the emerging public health risk, COPD need to be diagnosed and managed at the earliest to slow down the progression.

Clinical and Etiological Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Positive Patients

Clinical and Etiological Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Positive Patients

Chronic non-communicable disease burden among reproductive-age women in India: evidence from recent demographic and health survey

BackgroundChronic disease burden among women leads to various detrimental consequences, impacting women’s health throughout their life course and off-springs. The present study explores the chronic disease profile among reproductive-aged women and analyzes the effects of various covariates on multimorbidity among reproductive-aged women in India. Here, multimorbidity is defined as an individual suffering from two or more chronic conditions.MethodsThe present study employed the most recent National Family Health Survey round, 2019–2021. The study utilized information on 695,707 non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years. The study used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable ordered logistic regression analysis to explore the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases and multimorbidity.ResultsThe mean age of women with single chronic condition-related morbidity is 30 years, whereas it was 35 years for those with multimorbidity. Approximately 28% of urban women suffered from multimorbidity. Further, significant factors that affect multimorbidity include age, educational attainment, working status, marital status, parity, menopause, religion, region, wealth index, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and dietary patterns.ConclusionsThe present study hints that women in the reproductive age group are at very high risk of developing multimorbidity in India. Most of the programs and policies are focused on the elderly population in terms of awareness and facilitating them with better health services. However, right now, one should also prioritize the emerging chronic condition related to chronic conditions other than hypertension, diabetes, and cancer among the study population, which is escalating as soon as women reach 30 years of age.

Association between Remote Dielectric Sensing and Estimated Plasma Volume to Assess Body Fluid Distribution.

Background: Pulmonary congestion is quantified by a remote dielectric sensing (ReDSTM) system, while systemic congestion is estimated by calculated plasma volume. The type of clinical patient profile as defined by the ReDS system and calculated plasma volume remains uncertain. Methods: Hospitalized patients with or without heart failure were included in this prospective study. On admission, ReDS values were measured and plasma volume status (PVS) was estimated using their body weight at the same time. Cutoffs of ReDS value and PVS were defined at 34% and −2.7%, respectively. The association between the two parameters was assessed. Results: A total of 482 patients (median 76 years, 288 men) were included. The median ReDS value was 28% (25%, 32%) and median PVS was −16.4% (−26.3%, −5.9%). Of the patients, 64 had high ReDS value (and low PVS) and 80 had high PVS (and low ReDS value). The high ReDS group had a higher prevalence of clinical heart failure with a more elevated echocardiographic E/e’ ratio, whereas the high PVS group had a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (p < 0.05 for all). Four out of a total of six patients with high ReDS value and high PVS had both heart failure and chronic kidney disease profiles. Conclusion: The combination of ReDS value and PVS was able to clinically stratify the types of body fluid distribution and patient profiles. Utilizing these tools may assist the clinician in constructing a therapeutic strategy for the at-risk hospitalized patient.

Brain autopsies of critically ill COVID-19 patients demonstrate heterogeneous profile of acute vascular injury, inflammation and age-linked chronic brain diseases

BackgroundThis study examined neuropathological findings of patients who died following hospitalization in an intensive care unit with SARS-CoV-2.MethodsData originate from 20 decedents who underwent brain autopsy followed by ex-vivo imaging and dissection. Systematic neuropathologic examinations were performed to assess histopathologic changes including cerebrovascular disease and tissue injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory response. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and fixed tissues were evaluated for the presence of viral RNA and protein.ResultsThe mean age-at-death was 66.2 years (range: 26–97 years) and 14 were male. The patient’s medical history included cardiovascular risk factors or diseases (n = 11, 55%) and dementia (n = 5, 25%). Brain examination revealed a range of acute and chronic pathologies. Acute vascular pathologic changes were common in 16 (80%) subjects and included infarctions (n = 11, 55%) followed by acute hypoxic/ischemic injury (n = 9, 45%) and hemorrhages (n = 7, 35%). These acute pathologic changes were identified in both younger and older groups and those with and without vascular risk factors or diseases. Moderate-to-severe microglial activation were noted in 16 (80%) brains, while moderate-to-severe T lymphocyte accumulation was present in 5 (25%) brains. Encephalitis-like changes included lymphocytic cuffing (n = 6, 30%) and neuronophagia or microglial nodule (most prominent in the brainstem, n = 6, 30%) were also observed. A single brain showed vasculitis-like changes and one other exhibited foci of necrosis with ball-ring hemorrhages reminiscent of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy changes. Chronic pathologies were identified in only older decedents: 7 brains exhibited neurodegenerative diseases and 8 brains showed vascular disease pathologies. CSF and brain samples did not show evidence of viral RNA or protein.ConclusionsAcute tissue injuries and microglial activation were the most common abnormalities in COVID-19 brains. Focal evidence of encephalitis-like changes was noted despite the lack of detectable virus. The majority of older subjects showed age-related brain pathologies even in the absence of known neurologic disease. Findings of this study suggest that acute brain injury superimposed on common pre-existing brain disease may put older subjects at higher risk of post-COVID neurologic sequelae.

Daytime napping, comorbidity profiles, and the risk of sarcopenia in older individuals.

Appropriate daytime napping is associated with the decreased risk of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, but whether daytime napping affects sarcopenia remains to be explored. Our study plans to examine the associations between sarcopenia with daytime napping and comorbidity. The study population came from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011-2015. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify comorbidity profiles based on 14 doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases. Subsequently, smooth function and restricted cubic spline with three binomial regression models determined the associations between sarcopenia with daytime napping and comorbidity profiles. About 18.7% (2,894) and 5.4% (832) of 15,404 individuals were diagnosed with sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. LCA delineated four classes as the best fit as follows: dominant heart diseases or risks (class 1, N = 2,203), dominant chronic lung diseases (class 2, N = 740), minimal or least diseases (class 3, N = 10,612, reference), and dominant digestive diseases and rheumatism (class 4, N = 1849). Compared with the reference group (class 3), the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of sarcopenia in model 3 were 0.72 (0.60-0.88) for class 1, 1.17 (0.92-1.51) for class 2, and 0.92 (0.77-1.09) for class 4. Smooth function and restricted cubic spline suggested that individuals who napped about 60min seemingly had the lowest risk of sarcopenia. Individuals who napped for 1-59min (adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.94) and 60-119min (adjusted OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.95) had the significantly lower risk of sarcopenia but not severe sarcopenia than those who did not nap. Insufficient and excessive daytime napping might be associated with the increased risk of sarcopenia, especially in individuals with a dominant chronic lung disease profile.

A latent profile analysis of residents' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward common chronic diseases among ethnic minority area in China.

BackgroundHealth literacy plays an important role in preventing and managing chronic diseases, while low levels of health literacy among ethnic minorities are a major manifestation of health inequities. We believe that before effective health literacy intervention strategies, it is preferable to understand the features of health literacy among ethnic minorities. The present study firstly updated insights on health literacy among ethnic minorities by investigating the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) profile of common chronic diseases in ethnic minority areas, and secondly discussed the KAP profiles in detail to inspire future health education interventions.MethodsA cross-sectional, health-literacy-sensitive study was conducted in China's typical ethnic minority area. Participants included 801 adult residents who lived in the ethnic minority area. The primary outcome was participant scores on the KAP questionnaire of common chronic diseases, followed by latent profile analysis to identify participants with similar KAP score patterns and determine whether membership in specific groups was associated with demographic or clinical characteristics.ResultsThe participants included 496 ethnic minorities (61.9%) and 305 Han Chinese (38.1%). Three-profile solution was determined after the latent profile analysis: incomplete transfer [I.T.] (n = 215), better practice [B.P.] (n = 301), and average [A.V.] (n = 285). IT group (26.84%) was characterized by the highest level of knowledge and attitude toward common chronic diseases and below average level for practice. Participants in B.P. group performed poorly in both knowledge and attitude toward common chronic diseases but had the highest level of practice. A.V. group reflected average knowledge, attitude, and practice toward common chronic diseases among three subgroups. Ethnic minorities were the dominant population in A.V. group (68.8%). Compared with other groups, the A.V. group contained the largest proportions of married participants (84.2%), participants with no formal education (46.7%), and high annual out-of-pocket medical expense (33.3%).ConclusionA more specific and nuanced understanding of minority health literacy can enable service providers to provide more effective health education to their recipients, thereby improving health inequities.

Profile of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Oksibil Regional Public Hospital at 2020

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to blocked airways and/or alveolar abnormalities caused by harmful particles or gases. COPD is the third leading cause of death in the world.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the profile of COPD patients at Oksibil Regional Public Hospital.&#x0D; Methods: This study implemented a descriptive study design. Sample acquisition was done with total sampling. All COPD patients from January until December 2020 were included in this study.&#x0D; Result: This study obtained a total of 50 patients with COPD, with dominant of men aged &gt; 60 years and worked as farmers. Most of patients have history of smoking, and those who use furnace or firewood. Most of patients with CAT score ≥ 10, with mMRC grades of 2-4. Based on the history of exacerbations, it was obtained that most with ≥ 2 times per year or minimum of one time with hospitalization. Based on the GOLD category, patients with the GOLD D category were the most numerous and the main symptom that made the patients come for treatment was shortness of breath.&#x0D; Conclusion: Most COPD patients were more than 60 years old with smoking risk factors and GOLD D category.

Chronic Kidney Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk: Insights and Associated Mechanistic Pathways

Abstract: This study is a narrative review that aims to address the conceptual, characteristic, pathophysiological, and mechanistic aspects that define the profile of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. The objective was to investigate current knowledge and elucidate, through discussions on the topic, the main interrelated paths. This review was carried out unsystematically, from March to May 2020, by means of a survey of the literature indexed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (Elsevier®) databases. The scientific materials collected showed that the cross-talk between the diseases in question is mainly based on the conditions of resistance to insulin action, endothelial dysfunction, activation pathways of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system and adipokine imbalance, also emphasizing the influence of atherosclerotic events in kidney damage. Furthermore, it was reinforced the fact that inflammatory processes play an important role in the worsening and evolution of the clinical condition of patients, especially when they have underlying pathologies chronically treated for subclinical inflammation. It is expected that a greater number of original researches will propose to investigate other possible interactions, with a view to standardized treatment of these diseases or nutritional management.

Unpacking complex interventions that manage care for high-need, high-cost patients: a realist review

ObjectivePayers, providers and policymakers in the USA are interested in developing interventions that reduce preventable or modifiable healthcare use among high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patients. This study seeks to describe how...

Self-perceived health and functional status of older people: Telephone-based lifestyle survey of older adults in Tehran province.

Background: The prevalence study of health conditions can help policy makers to document base policymaking. This study aimed to reveal the health status, including the prevalence of geriatric syndrome health conditions such as activity of daily livings, pain, and physical and mental health of older adults in Tehran province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was a telephone survey with older people ≥60 years old using a systematic random sampling of telephone numbers in Tehran province. The Persian version of the Katz’ activity of daily living (ADL) and the Lawton’s instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) questionnaires were used to evaluate the functional status. Pain, history of chronic diseases, continence, hospital admission, sensory problems, and self-perceived health (SPH) were asked by trained nurses or gerontologists thorough telephone interviews. Results: In this study, 1251 older adults with the mean age of 67.03±7.51 years have been recruited. About 64.50% (95% CI: 64.4-64.6) of them were totally independent according to ADL (female=60.02% and male=68.50%), and about 40.50% (95% CI: 40.4-40.5) were independent based on IADL domains (female=39.41% and male=41.80). The dependency rates in ADL increased with the aging of population. Joint pain was the most prevalent type of pains and near to 26.00% (95% CI: 64.4-64.6) of the participants suffered moderate joint pains. About 71.5% (95% CI: 71.4-71.5) of the participants were urinary continent (female=67.66% and male=76.06%), and 91.9% (95% CI: 91.9-92.0) had bowel control (female=91.47% and male=92.94%) and the prevalence of incontinence increased by advancing age. Only 26.70% (95% CI: 26.6-26.8) of the participants reported excellent and good levels of perceived health status (female=21.98% and male=31.48%) and about 26.2% (95% CI: 26.1-26.2) of them reported some degree of visual impairment. Conclusion: The results of the present study can provide a good view about the health profile of older adults, including pain, functional status, sphincter control, chronic diseases, sensory status, and SPH. Future studies should prioritize SPH as an important predictor of mortality rates.

Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2-related hospital outcomes among and between persons living with and without diagnosed HIV infection in New York State.

BackgroundPersons living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH) are at increased risk for severe illness due to COVID-19. The degree to which this due to HIV infection, comorbidities, or other factors remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective matched cohort study of individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York State between March and June 2020, during the first wave of the pandemic, to compare outcomes among 853 PLWDH and 1,621 persons without diagnosed HIV (controls). We reviewed medical records to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at admission, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes between PLWDH and controls. HIV-related characteristics were evaluated among PLWDH.ResultsPLWDH were significantly more likely to have cardiovascular (matched prevalence-ratio [mPR], 1.22 [95% CI, 1.07–1.40]), chronic liver (mPR, 6.71 [95% CI, 4.75–9.48]), chronic lung (mPR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.40–2.21]), and renal diseases (mPR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.50–2.09]). PLWDH were less likely to have elevated inflammatory markers upon hospitalization. Relative to controls, PLWDH were 15% less likely to require mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and 15% less likely to require admission to the intensive care unit. No significant differences were found in in-hospital mortality. PLWDH on tenofovir-containing regimens were significantly less likely to require mechanical ventilation or ECMO (risk-ratio [RR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55–0.96]) and to die (RR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.57–0.96]) than PLWDH on non-tenofovir-containing regimens.ConclusionsWhile hospitalized PLWDH and controls had similar likelihood of in-hospital death, chronic disease profiles and degree of inflammation upon hospitalization differed. This may signal different mechanisms leading to severe COVID-19.

A study on causes of chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Chronic kidney disease is an increasing health problem worldwide Thus apart from the well-established risk factors for CKD such as diabetes and systemic hypertension, the possibility that environmental, demographic, and various other risk factors an influence in developing chronic kidney disease has been assessed in several studies. Hence, the present study aimed to study the clinical and laboratory profile of chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic and non-hypertensive patients Methods: The study was enrolled 100 patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease without diabetes and systemic hypertension in the department of general medicine and department of nephrology in a tertiary care hospital, Pondicherry for 1 year. The baseline data such as socioeconomic status, history of self-consumption of natural medicine and NSAIDs, their occupations, location of their living place, and routine laboratory parameters were collected and analysed. Results: The socioeconomic status of the present study revealed that upper lower class was the predominant status and the majority of the patients were housewives and farmers. 38% of the patients were exposed to insecticides that were associated with CKD (p=0.0327). 40% of the study population was victims of NSAID consumers (p=0.0236). 42% was consumed natural medication on their own for their illness 46 without any consultation (p=0.0324). The patients came from Cuddalore predominantly (22%). Conclusions: Insecticide exposure, self-consumption of NSAIDs, and natural medicine are the main causes that progress to CKD in the present study.