Clinico-etiological profile of chronic liver disease in females: A cross-sectional observational study in Eastern Indian set-up

Abstract

Abstract Background: There are notable distinctions in the epidemiology, progression, symptoms, and treatment responses observed between males and females with chronic liver disease (CLD). Women tend to exhibit a higher prevalence of acute liver failure, autoimmune hepatitis, benign liver lesions, primary biliary cirrhosis, and toxin-induced liver injury compared with men. This study investigated the clinical and pathological characteristics of CLD in female patients admitted to a tertiary healthcare facility in eastern India. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult female patients meeting the criteria for CLD. Comprehensive medical histories were obtained, physical examinations were conducted, and various investigations were performed, including complete blood count, liver function tests, urea, creatinine, and electrolyte levels. Additionally, all cases underwent whole abdomen ultrasound, with selected cases undergoing further viral profiling and upper gastrointestinal workups. The collected data underwent statistical analysis. Results: Among the 80 cases of CLD examined in our study, 62.5% fell within the age range of 41–60 years. Metabolic dysfunction associated with steatohepatitis (MASH) and hepatitis C were identified as the primary causes of CLD, collectively accounting for 50% of all cases. Specifically, 25% of cases were attributed solely to hepatitis C, whereas another 25% were attributed solely to MASH. Additionally, two cases presented with a combination of MASH and hepatitis C. Pallor and jaundice were the most frequently observed clinical findings. Notably, autoimmune hepatitis tended to occur in younger females, whereas MASH was more prevalent in those aged over 51 years. Conclusion: There are distinctions based on gender concerning the causes, advancement, natural course, complications, and outlook of CLD cases. Therefore, it is essential to consider gender-specific traits when diagnosing and treating CLD in females.