Chronic Disease Management System Research Articles

Digital Technology in Hospital Administration: A Strategic Choice.

Digital technology has encompassed all aspects of healthcare. There are many international and national organizations, guidelines, and formats available in health information systems (HIS), but many are presently still not being used in India. The aim is to give a flawless, secure, and user-friendly health information technology (IT) system for Indian healthcare. We discuss the timeline of digital technology in hospital administration, administrative applications, and the importance of clinical quality in health. Clinical perspectives of clinical information systems (CIS), both in acute as well as chronic clinical care models. Cross-integration of healthcare in IT (HIT) in electronic health records (EHR) or electronic medical records (EMRs), in chronic disease management (CDM) systems, and in clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are elaborated. Also, practical strategic application methods are discussed. The limitations of the current HIS software in India are mostly used for transaction reporting, prescription, and administrative tools. They lack CIS and strategic business applications as compared to mature multinational company (MNC) HIS software. Along with this, various features and levels of HIS Software, challenges of HIT adoption, Indian health IT standards, and the future framework of IT in health in India are systematically analyzed. We aim at all physicians in India and at all levels of practice, from individuals, group practices, health institutes, or corporate hospitals, and to encourage them to make strategic use of CIS and strategic IT applications in their individual practice and hospital management. This will improve clinical outcomes, patient safety, practitioner performance, adherence to treatment guidelines, and reduction in medical errors, along with efficiency improvements and cost reductions. How to cite this article: Taneja D, Kulkarni SV, Sinha S, et al. Digital Technology in Hospital Administration: A Strategic Choice. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(10):83-88.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Telehealth Chronic Disease Management System: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Long-term daily health monitoring and management play a more significant role in telehealth management systems nowadays, which require evaluation indicators to present patients' general health conditions and become applicable to multiple chronic diseases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of subjective indicators of telehealth chronic disease management system (TCDMS). We selected Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane library, IEEE, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang, a Chinese medical database, and searched papers published from January 1, 2015, to July 1, 2022, regarding randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of the telehealth system on patients with chronic diseases. The narrative review summarized the questionnaire indicators presented in the selected studies. In the meta-analysis, Mean Difference (MD) and Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with a 95% CI were pooled depending on whether the measurements were the same. Subgroup analysis was conducted if the heterogeneity was significant, and the number of studies was sufficient. Twenty RCTs with 4153 patients were included in the qualitative review. Seventeen different questionnaire-based outcomes were found, within which quality of life, psychological well-being (including depression, anxiety, and fatigue), self-management, self-efficacy, and medical adherence were most frequently used. Ten RCTs with 2095 patients remained in meta-analysis. Compared to usual care, telehealth system can significantly improve the quality of life (SMD 0.44; 95% CI 0.16-0.73; P=.002), whereas no significant effects were found on depression (SMD -0.25; 95% CI -0.72 to 0.23; P=.30), anxiety (SMD -0.10; 95% CI -0.27 to 0.07; P=.71), fatigue (SMD -0.36; 95% CI -1.06 to 0.34; P<.001), and self-care (SMD 0.77; 95% CI -0.28-1.81; P<.001). In the subdomains of quality of life, telehealth statistically significantly improved physical functioning (SMD 0.15; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.29; P=.03), mental functioning (SMD 0.37; 95% CI 0.13-0.60; P=.002), and social functioning (SMD 0.64; 95% CI 0.00-1.29; P=.05), while there was no difference on cognitive functioning (MD 8.31; 95% CI -7.33 to 23.95; P=.30) and role functioning (MD 5.30; 95% CI -7.80 to 18.39; P=.43). TCDMS positively affected patients' physical, mental, and social quality of life across multiple chronic diseases. However, no significant difference was found in depression, anxiety, fatigue, and self-care. Subjective questionnaires had the potential ability to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term telehealth monitoring and management. However, further well-designed experiments are warranted to validate TCDMS's effects on subjective outcomes, especially when tested among different chronically ill groups.

Patient Perspectives of Chronic Disease Management and Unmet Care Needs in South Korea: A Qualitative Study.

Understanding and incorporating patients' perspectives are necessary to address the emerging challenge of chronic disease management. Our study examined patients' perceptions and experiences for the current chronic disease management system in South Korea. Focus group interviews were conducted on 23 patients and 11 themes emerged by qualitative content analysis. The participants experienced in terms of provider-patient interaction: doctors only prescribe medicine, doctors who provide conventional advice, doctors who do not respect the patients' opinion, long wait times and inadequate consultations, lack of personalized care, and freedom to select another doctor. They also experienced in their community and health system: struggling alone, commercial media and folk remedies, lack of IT technologies for care, demanding visiting services, and lack of collaboration in the community. We found that patients needed comprehensive and personalized care, respect from providers, and self-management support and collaborated care with the community using information technologies advancement. Our findings suggest that a fundamental change in the South Korean healthcare system paradigm is required for successful chronic care, including payment and healthcare delivery systems.

Importance of full-cycle management for diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the chronic complications of diabetes, is a serious and irreversible blinding disease. It is difficult to detect in the early stage, to control in the progressive stage, to operate in the advanced stage of DR. Recently, the "14th Five-year plan" for National Eye Health proposed to "improve the management mode of chronic eye disease, and build a chronic disease management system". The project team used artificial intelligence technology based on cloud platform, joint outpatient service, virtual ward to explore the comprehensive management of DR from the aspects of early screening, multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment, and refined blood glucose management during perioperative period. In the future, it is urgent to integrate DR chronic disease management with other systemic chronic diseases to reduce the blindness caused by DR.

Current care practices for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in China

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has presented challenges in the care of patients with chronic diseases. We identified the challenges faced by Chinese patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) during the pandemic. MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted between March 27 and June 30, 2021. ResultsOf the 2105 valid questionnaire responses, 2,056 patients were from non-lockdown areas. In these areas, 42.8% reduced outside daily activities, 49.4% reduced rehabilitation service use, 39.7% postponed regular follow-ups, and 40.8% reported accelerated motor function decline. These figures generally increased for patients from lockdown areas—67.3% reduced outside daily activities, 44.9% reduced rehabilitation service use, 79.6% postponed regular follow-ups, and 55.1% reported accelerated motor function decline. Ambulation loss was most commonly reported in September and March before 2020; however, this trend was absent in 2020. Regarding the informed prices of disease-modifying drugs in Europe and the United States, 86.7% could afford a maximum of one-twentieth of the prices, 8.0% could afford one-tenth of the prices, and only 0.6% of the patients could afford the full prices. ConclusionsImplementation of standardized care for DMD in China is consistent with global practices, and the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the care of patients with chronic diseases worldwide, particularly in lockdown areas. Telemedicine is an effective model for providing healthcare to such patients. Healthcare workers should assist patients and establish more robust chronic disease management systems. Collaboration between governmental and non-governmental entities could address the cost of disease-modifying drugs in China and other developing countries.

The Impact of Diabetes on Vascular Disease: Progress from the Perspective of Epidemics and Treatments

At present, the global incidence of diabetes has increased in countries with large populations, and the changes in developing regions are particularly worthy of attention. In the past 40 years or so, the income situation in China, India, and other countries has exploded, leading to changes in the way of life and work as well as an increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Metabolic disorders caused by diabetes can lead to secondary vascular complications, which have long-term malignant effects on the heart, kidneys, brain, and other vital organs of patients. Adequate primary prevention measures are needed to reduce the incidence of diabetic vascular complications, and more attention should be given to treatment after the disease. To this end, it is necessary to determine a standardized drug and physical therapy system and to build a more efficient and low-cost chronic disease management system.

Elements of chronic disease management service system: an empirical study from large hospitals in China

At present, more patients suffer from multiple chronic diseases. However, the hospital's existing chronic disease management is carried out according to the department. This means that a patient needs to go to more than one department for a chronic disease treatment. Therefore, this study proposes 6 dimensions (organizational management, medical service support, medical service, community alliance, self-management support, management information system) and 36 questions, to help evaluate the current chronic disease management system in China's large third-class hospitals. In this study, 143 survey samples from doctors and nurses were collected. A principal component analysis was used to extract three key elements of chronic disease management service delivery system (service management organization, management information system, medical core service). Then, multiple regression was used to establish the relationship model between the overall performance of the system and the main elements. Three key service nodes of the system (medical specialist support, patient tracking management and personalized intervention) were determined according to the weight of the regression model. The regression coefficients of the above three main elements show a similar impact on the overall performance of the system, but the key service nodes under each major element have relative differences, including medical specialist support, patient tracking management and personalized intervention. Finally, to establish a chronic disease management system with multiple departmental continuous care for chronic diseases, it is necessary to improve the chronic disease management system from three aspects of medical specialty support, patient tracking management and personalized intervention. This paper proposes corresponding improvement strategies.

Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of traditional and telemedicine combined population-based age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy screening in rural and urban China

SummaryBackgroundTo assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a population-level traditional and telemedicine combined age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening program in rural and urban China.MethodsDecision-analytic Markov models were conducted to evaluate the costs and benefits of traditional and telemedicine combined AMD and DR screening from a societal perspective. A cohort of all participants aged 50 years old and above was followed through a total of 30 1-year Markov cycles. Separate analyses were performed for rural and urban settings. Relevant parameters such as the prevalence of AMD and DR, transition probability, compliance with screening and treatment, screening sensitivity, specificity, utility, and mortality were collected from published studies specific to China, other Asian counties' studies, or unpublished data sources such as the National Committee for the Prevention of Blindness. Costs of screening, full examination, and treatment come from the real medical environments and unified pricing of Beijing Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau. Primary outcomes were incremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs) using quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) using years of blindness avoided. One-way deterministic and simulated probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to reflect uncertainty.FindingsUnder the status quo, the total expected medical costs for a 50-year-old patient with AMD or DR were $869·59 and $1,514·18 in rural and urban settings, respectively. Both traditional and telemedicine screening were highly cost-effective. In rural settings, ICURs were $191 (95% confidence interval [CI]: $66 to $239) and $199 (95% CI: $-12 to $217), and ICERs were $2,436 (95% CI: $1,089 to $3,254) and $2,441 (95% CI: $1,452 to $3,900) for traditional and telemedicine screening separately. Even more surprising, both screening strategies dominated no screening in urban settings. Our results were insensitive and robust to extensive sensitivity analyses. Among all acceptable screening intervals (from 1 to 5 years), annual screening could not only produce biggest benefits but also keep ICERs less than three times and one time the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in rural and urban settings separately. When compared with traditional screening, ICERs of telescreening were less than three times the per capita GDP in rural settings ($2,559 to $8,809) and less than one time the per capita GDP in urban settings (less than $5,564), annual telescreening produced the biggest benefits, it could avert 119 and 270 years of blindness in rural and urban areas separately when 100,000 people were screened.InterpretationWe performed decision-analytic Markov models for combined AMD and DR screening in rural and urban China, and the results showed that population-level combined screening for AMD and DR is likely to be highly cost-effective in both rural and urban China for people over 50 years old. Optimal screening may have an interval of every year based on teleophthalmology platforms. In the future, China should pay more attention to chronic eye diseases and the government should establish a sound chronic disease management system and make every patient enjoy equal medical services.FundingNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC (82171051); the Major Innovation Platform of Public Health & Disease Control and Prevention, Renmin University of China and Beijing Nova program (Z191100001119072).

Digital healthcare in COPD management: a narrative review on the advantages, pitfalls, and need for further research

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite current treatment strategies which focus on smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, and symptomatic relief. A focus of COPD care is to encourage self-management, particularly during COVID-19, where much face-to-face care has been reduced or ceased. Digital health solutions may offer affordable and scalable solutions to support COPD patient education and self-management, such solutions could improve clinical outcomes and expand service reach for limited additional cost. However, optimal ways to deliver digital medicine are still in development, and there are a number of important considerations for clinicians, commissioners, and patients to ensure successful implementation of digitally augmented care. In this narrative review, we discuss advantages, pitfalls, and future prospects of digital healthcare, which offer a variety of tools including self-management plans, education videos, inhaler training videos, feedback to patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs), exacerbation monitoring, and pulmonary rehabilitation. We discuss the key issues with sustaining patient and HCP engagement and limiting attrition of use, interoperability with devices, integration into healthcare systems, and ensuring inclusivity and accessibility. We explore the essential areas of research beyond determining safety and efficacy to understand the acceptability of digital healthcare solutions to patients, clinicians, and healthcare systems, and hence ways to improve this and sustain engagement. Finally, we explore the regulatory challenges to ensure quality and engagement and effective integration into current healthcare systems and care pathways, while maintaining patients’ autonomy and privacy. Understanding and addressing these issues and successful incorporation of an acceptable, simple, scalable, affordable, and future-proof digital solution into healthcare systems could help remodel global chronic disease management and fractured healthcare systems to provide best patient care and optimisation of healthcare resources to meet the global burden and unmet clinical need of COPD.

An Intelligent Information Management System for Retinal Image Storage and Recognition in Chronic Disease using Digital Signal and Image Processing

Retinal imaging plays a very significant role in the study of retinal vasculature changes indicative of chronic disease information related to vision. This study investigates the invulnerability of retinal image information in the disease information system and assesses the quantitative method of the morphological changes in the retinal vascular network. In this work, the medical digital image transmission protocol Digital Imaging &amp; Communications in Medicine (DICOM) version 3.0 and the retinal image Picture Archiving &amp; Communication System (PACS) were constructed in the laboratory using browser/server mode. Also, the DICOM-SR document was designed in this article using a list or hierarchy, and the retinal images to report the information of patients by using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – based Web Access to DICOM Persistent Objects (WADO) approach. The results showed that the retinal image PACS system constructed in Browser/Server mode can effectively store and transmit DICOM images. When the imaging device is combined with the application program, special adapters are used to negotiate the transmission syntax. The message flow is decoded in the communication process, which can be connected with the realization to improve the efficiency of information collection. The proposed PACS system integrates the quantitative features of retina providing more meaningful research data for data mining in comparison to the traditional state of the art methods based on chronic disease management system. The diagnostic ability of the retinal imaging procedure using the DICOM images is justified by obtaining 98.51%, 98.04%, 99% and 99.01% of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision values respectively.

Interoperability Architecture of the ADLIFE Patient Empowerment Platform.

Chronic diseases introduce challenges for the patients to manage the changing requirements of the disease. Patient empowerment activities are a critical component to assist patients in their long-term care journey. In order to be effective, patient empowerment tools need to be well-integrated with the chronic disease management tools used at the clinical sites. This paper explores and analyzes the exploitation of HL7 FHIR to design and implement an interoperable patient empowerment platform that can be seamlessly integrated with external chronic disease management and Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems.

RETRACTED: Medical wireless IoT system and nursing intervention of chronic bronchitis based on clinical data

According to the WHO (World Health Organization), the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has become the third leading cause of death in the group. The associated health sector related to 2030 based on the curve and the long-term cost of medical expenses. Age is the leading cause of a significant occurrence. The management of stable COPD patients to mitigate the attack, it is based on his system. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management system, portable spirometer and things mobile applications handheld, is a clinical information database. The Internet has established the configuration. The database, one of the MBOX format, through the Zhongshan hospital, collects data from the branch of the largest medical service provider in the region, located in the stable state of the 11 pieces of data from the main hospital of the patient follow-up. Lung function data is tested via a handheld portable spirometer and can be uploaded in real time. Other smartphone applications have been developed to establish direct communication between patients and physicians to improve disease management. It is worth noting that it classifies patient clinical data, sends it, stores it anonymously, and encrypts it for protection and privacy. What is useful in treating chronic diseases based on remote monitoring is that it significantly provides health information such as medical and biosensor data volume management and big data technology, this vast new medical technology. It can be increased. The application that needs to be processed. A potential solution for new services based on the Internet of Things is used to create the concept of big data processing.

Internet-based patient– primary care physician–cardiologist integrated management model of hypertension in China: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial

IntroductionThe control rate of hypertension is low in China, especially in rural, western and minority areas. This is related to poor medical skills among physicians in primary care institutions and...

Knowledge and practices regarding diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients registered in a chronic disease management system in eastern China.

To investigate the knowledge and practices regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetic patients included in a community-based primary health system (CBPHS) in China. Diabetic patients aged 18 years and above registered in the CBPHS in Yueqing city, Zhejiang province were recruited. Information obtained by questionnaire included: demographic and socioeconomic status, knowledge about DR, and ocular and medical history. The primary outcome was whether the participant knew that DM can affect the eyes, defined according to the question: "Do you know diabetes mellitus (DM) can affect eyes? (yes or no)". A knowledge score was calculated based on the responses to seven questions, with 1 point awarded for a correct response and 0 points for an incorrect or uncertain answer. A total of 1972 diabetic patients were included in the study with an average age of 65.2±10.8 years, 45.7% were male. One thousand two hundred and nineteen patients (61.8%) knew that DM can affect the eyes. Significant differences in age, education, income status, insurance covering eye care, fasting blood glucose, duration of DM, history of hypertension existed between subjects who knew and those who did not know that DM can affect the eyes (P<0.05 for all). The proportion of correct answers to the DR knowledge questions ranged from 33.3% to 61.8%, with an average score of 3.65±2.47. In the multiple regression analysis, the knowledge score was significantly associated with age, education, income, history of hypertension, duration of DM, being told that regular examinations should be performed and concern about vision loss (P <0.01 for all). The knowledge toward DR among DM patients were still low within the chronic disease management system in eastern China. Routine ophthalmic screening, health care promotions, and educational programs should be emphasized and implemented for better DR prevention and management.

Cohort profile: protocol and baseline survey for the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) study

PurposeThe Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) was established to identify environmental, lifestyle and genetic risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in adults (20–74 years old) living in...

Temporal Trends and Patient Characteristics Associated With Drug Utilisation After First-Ever Stroke: Insights From Chronic Disease Registry Data in Singapore

Data on drug utilisation among stroke patients of Asian ethnicities are lacking. The objectives of the study were to examine the temporal trends and patient characteristics associated with prescription of thrombolytic, antithrombotic and statin medications among patients with first-ever stroke. First-ever ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients admitted to 2 Singapore tertiary hospitals between 2010‒2014 were included. Data were extracted from the National Healthcare Group Chronic Disease Management System. Association between drug utilisation and admission year, as well as characteristics associated with drug use, were explored using multivariable logistic regression. There was an increasing trend in the combined use of all 3 guideline medications in ischaemic stroke patients (P <0.001)-specifically thrombolytic agents (P <0.001), oral antithrombotics (P = 0.002) and statins (P = 0.003) at discharge. Among antithrombotics, the use of clopidogrel (P <0.001) and aspirin-clopidogrel (P <0.001) had increased, whereas prescription of dipyridamole (P <0.001) and aspirin-dipyridamole (P <0.001) had declined. For statins, the increase in atorvastatin prescription (P <0.001) was accompanied by decreasing use of simvastatin (P <0.001). Age, ethnicity and certain comorbidities (hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease) were associated with the combined use of all 3 guideline medications (P <0.05). In haemorrhagic stroke, prescription of statins at discharge were comparatively lower. This study reveals changes in prescription behaviour over time in a multiethnic Asian population with first-ever stroke. Patient characteristics including younger age, Malay ethnicity and certain comorbidities (i.e. hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation) were associated with the combined use of all 3 guideline medications among ischaemic stroke patients.

基于云计算平台的中医慢病管理系统的设计

基于云计算平台的中医慢病管理系统的设计

Analysis of Mortality and Survival Rate of Liver Cancer in Zhejiang Province in China: A General Population-Based Study.

Background Few accurate up-to-date studies provide liver cancer mortality and survival information in Zhejiang province. This research aimed to depict the mortality and survival of liver cancer in Zhejiang province in China during 2005-2010. Methods The data were collected from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System, and the mortality rates of liver cancer were calculated by gender, age, and areas. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi's world population were used for age-standardized mortality rate. The observed and relative survival rates of liver cancer patients were analyzed. Results The crude mortality rate of liver cancer was 32.11/105. The age-standardized mortality rate was 17.39/105 and 23.07/105 by Chinese population (ASIRC) and Segi's world population (ASIRW), respectively. The crude liver cancer mortality rate and age-standardized rate in urban areas were lower than those of rural areas. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year observed survival (OS) rates of liver cancer patients were 38.61%, 21.65%, and 16.83%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year relative survival (RS) rates of liver cancer patients were 39.49%, 23.27%, and 19.09%, respectively. Survival rate decreased obviously within 1 to 5 years and then leveled off. It was shown that the male overall survival rate was higher than the female one and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Both lower mortality and better survival rates were observed in urban areas, compared to rural areas. Relevant parties including government, public resource, and propaganda department should devote enough attention to rural areas.

Suicide rates in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2006 to 2016: a population-based study

BackgroundWe investigated the current temporal trends of suicide in Zhejiang, China, from 2006 to 2016 to determine possible health disparities in order to establish priorities for intervention.MethodsWe collected mortality surveillance...

Implementation of a care coordination system for chronic diseases.

The number of people with chronic diseases has been increasing steadily but the indicators for the management of chronic diseases have not improved significantly. To improve the existing chronic disease management system, a new policy will be introduced, which includes the establishment of care plans for hypertension and diabetes patients by primary care physicians and the provision of care coordination services based on these plans. Care coordination refers to a series of activities to assist patients and their families and it has been known to be effective in reducing medical costs and avoiding the unnecessary use of the hospital system by individuals. To offer well-coordinated and high-quality care services, it is necessary to develop a service quality assurance plan, track and manage patients, provide patient support, agree on patient referral and transition, and develop an effective information system. Local governance should be established for chronic disease management, and long-term plans and continuous quality improvement are necessary.