Chronbach's Alpha Research Articles

The Effect of Managerial Humour on Counterproductive Work Behaviours in Sport Service Providers

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of managerial humor on counterproductive work behaviors in sport organizations. Another aim of the study is to examine whether managerial humor and counterproductive work behaviors vary according to gender, age, marital status, and position variables. The study was prepared using the relational survey model and conducted on a voluntary basis. The questionnaire technique was used as a data collection tool in the study. In the study, coaches, facility supervisors and counseling staff in sports service companies located in the European side of Istanbul constitute the population and 322 personnel selected by convenience sampling method from this population constitute the sample. In addition to the personal information form, the perceived manager humor scale and the counterproductive work behavior scale were used in the study. The analysis of the study was transferred to the SPSS 25.0 package program, and after the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, it was determined that the data did not show normal distribution. Reliability analysis was performed to determine the reliability levels of the total and subdimensions of the scales used in our study, and "Chronbach's Alpha Coefficient" was obtained. As a statistical analysis, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman correlation analyses were applied to the research group. According to the results of the research, excessive use of humor in sports companies can cause counterproductive work behaviors by damaging business efficiency. In particular, sarcastic humor and rejectionist humor can cause problems between individuals by causing business productivity. Keywords: Behavior, Humor, Sports Businesses

Optimizing Digital Transition: Addressing Challenges in Modernizing Inventory Systems in Primary Healthcare Facilities

This study investigates the challenges and potential solutions associated with modernizing inventory systems in primary healthcare facilities in the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, emphasizing operational efficiency, resource management and staff training. A descriptive research design was applied, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data was collected from 67 trained staff members through purposive sam-pling, ensuring diverse perspectives across various organizational roles. The questionnaire was evaluated in relation to users' perceptions of satis-faction, operational efficiency, and the perceived difficulties with digital inventory systems. Reliability is established with the help of Chronbach's Alpha, and ANOVA, used in establishing the relationship between user sat-isfaction and operational effectiveness. From the thematic analysis of the questionnaire, lack of infrastructure, lack of training, and fractured supply chains were pointed out as being the obvious challenges that reduce the smooth digital transition. The study found that while digital transfor-mation has the potential to enhance inventory management and healthcare delivery, significant barriers must be addressed to achieve full adoption. Overall, findings help highlight the need for focussed training with strong digital solutions in optimizing resource management and service delivery in public health settings, providing valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare administrators.

The Impact of Using Cooperative Learning in Acquiring some Elements Physical Fitness of Students

Purpose - The study aimed at identifying the impact of using cooperative learning in acquiring some elements of physical fitness of the students at the Hashemite University. The experimental design was used. The sample consisted of (32) students enrolled in academic programs of the faculty of Physical Education at the Hashemite University during the first semester of the university academic year 2022/2023. The sample was randomly select. Methodology - The sample was divided into two equal groups control group (n=16) and experimental group (n=16). After applying the tests on the elements of the method (flexibility, agility, medical ball throws, and 50-meter running). The reliability coefficient was calculated using Chronbach Alpha (0.92). The means, standard deviations, and T-test were calculated to determine the differences between the groups. Findings - The results showed an effect of cooperative learning on improving physical fitness, and statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group. The researchers recommended applying cooperative learning while teaching the physical education.

Pengembangan Alat Ukur Budaya Organisasi Pada Kontingen Garuda Pasukan Perdamaian PBB

Developments in science and technology that occur in the world bring changes to human life. The change will ultimately bring higher tension to each individual. In order for organizational goals to be carried out properly, support from management is needed. This study aims to examine the extent to which the validity and reliability of Organizational Culture. The impact on personnel carrying out assignments to UN peacekeeping forces, so they can provide an overview and input to the organization in build its organizational culture, to increase success in assignments. The process includes completing the construct of measuring instrument by reducing the dimensions to a number of indicators, creating items that represent indicators from each existing dimension, and conducting an expert review. Furthermore, the researchers collected data using online questionnaire, on a sample of the assignment unit with a total sample of 125 people consisting of various positions. This research was tested with a high Chronbach's Alpha value, so it can be said that the organizational culture measuring instrument has ideal reliability. From the results of calculating Item Response Theory, it is obtained proportion at a good value, it can be said that the item is suitable for use. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show the relationship between dimensions of Organizational Culture meets the requirements, for model fit and factor loading values ​​of Organizational Culture can be said to be good. Thus the measuring instrument of organizational culture is reliable and valid to use.

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES UNTUK KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR REFLEKTIF MATEMATIS PADA MATERI ALJABAR

This research aims to produce a test instrument for students' mathematical reflective thinking ability on algebraic material. This research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects used were 35 seventh grade students in one of the private junior high schools in Tangerang City. Based on the results of the material expert validation received an average score of 87.7% with very valid criteria. The validity of the items received an average of 0.82 very valid criteria. Then it has a Chronbach's Alpha value of 0.945 which means reliable. In addition, the level of difficulty of moderate questions is 3 questions, difficult 1 question and easy 1 question. The results of the student response questionnaire after working on the test instrument obtained a score of 78% with good criteria. Then based on these results, the development of test instruments for students' mathematical reflective thinking skills is valid, reliable and worthy of use

Readiness of Federal University Libraries in North West Nigeria to Adoption of Cloud Computing For Current Services Conveyance

The study investigated readiness and adoption of cloud computing for effective services delivery in north west Federal University Libraries The objectives of the study were To identify the extent library staff are aware of cloud computing: To identify the extent cloud computing applies to library operations To identify the extent of cloud computing is used for the implementation of cloud computing in library operations: To identify the awareness of librarians on the benefits of cloud computing The study adopted correlational design. The population of the study consisted of 199 professional librarians, Para- professional and ICT staff working in Federal university libraries in North-West Nigeria. No sampling as the entire population size was manageable. The instrument for the collection of data for the study is structured questionnaire called “relationship between readiness and adoption of cloud computing for effective services delivery in North West Federal University Libraries: Observation Check-List (ACFESDN). The drafted questionnaire was face validated by three experts, two of the validates A trial-testing procedure was used to establish the reliability of the instrument. Copies of the instrument were administered on 30 respondents. Chronbach Alpha (α) reliability method was used to determine the internal consistency of 0.82 coefficient of the questionnaire. Analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation (R). Pearson product correlation analysis was used to ascertain the significant relationship among variables of the study at 0.05 level of significance. The responses to the items were interpreted by describing the strength of the correlation using the guide suggested by Evan (1996) for the absolute value of r as stated. The decision point of acceptance is that any item that fall between 0.40-0.59 and above is considered positive relationship. While items that fall between 0.40- below is considered negative relationship. Findings Shows: There is a significant difference between Librarians, readiness, Operation service, applied operation and implementation. The study recommends that the Librarians should handle. Library workers career option in Adoption of Cloud Computing for Effective Services Delivery.

CAHQL: A patient reported outcome instrument to assess health-related quality of life in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a crucial aspect of evaluating health care outcomes. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) often self-report deficiencies in HRQoL. The aim of our study was to develop a disease-specific patient reported outcome (PRO) instrument to evaluate the HRQoL of patients >16 years old with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Following the FDA guidelines for developing PRO instruments, we developed a conceptual framework for the instrument. A preliminary instrument was created after interviewing a representative sample of 12 patients with CAH between 16 to 68 years old and 3 parents, and obtaining expert feedback from 4 endocrinologists. The instrument was edited after cognitive interviews with 6 patients. Internal consistency of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Validity was assessed by comparing the scores of our instrument with scores from widely used validated instruments for HRQoL and PRO not specific to CAH. Sixty-nine patients 16 to 75 years old participated in validating our preliminary instrument. The final questionnaire consists of 44 questions within 7 domains: General Health, Adrenal Insufficiency, Glucocorticoid Excess, Physical Functioning, Mental Health and Cognition, Social Functioning, and Sexual Functioning, with acceptable internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha≥0.6) and validity (r = -0.350 to 0.866). CAHQL is the first validated PRO instrument to capture disease specific HRQoL outcomes in CAH. In addition to its anticipated use in the clinical setting, the instrument could be used to assess the efficacy of novel treatments in development.

Human Resource Development and Employee Commitment in Nepalese Commercial Banks

The level of employee commitment is a significant issue for many firms throughout the world. As a result, many firms are using a variety of human resource development techniques to increase employee commitment. Employee dissatisfaction has been voiced in the field of compensation, which is characterized by unequal rewards, inadequate compensation and lack of job security. The purpose of this research is to focus on analyzing the relationship between HRD dimensions and employees' commitment working across various commercial banks in Nepal. The study's independent variables were Training, Compensation, Job Security, and Reward. The dependent variable was employee commitment. The descriptive research design was used. The population of the study was 46408 employees and a simple random sample technique was used to choose 396 employees from 11 commercial banks under probability sampling method. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire on Likert Scale with 1 specifying a strongly disagreement and 5 a strongly agreement. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Cronbach's Alpha had been used to test for reliability. Reliability is acceptable with a Chronbach's Alpha rating of 0.76 on an average. IBM, SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data. The study concluded that employees' Training, Compensation and Job Security had a favorable and significant relationship with employee commitment, Reward had a negative but significant impact on Employee Commitment. The study recommended that the policy makers and BOD of Nepalese Commercial banks should design an effective welfare policy to enhance commitment of employees.

Adaptation and Validation of Voice Handicap Index-Punjabi.

Patients with Voice problems are frequently encountered in clinics. There is no tool available in Punjabi language for evaluation of impact of voice disorder on patient's life. The aim of this study was to adapt Voice Handicap Index in Punjabi language and to obtain validity, reliability and consistency of the developed tool. The study also aims to compare the scores of VHI-Punjabi between patients with voice problems and asymptomatic age-matched controls. The study follows qualitative research design with purposive sampling. The study was conducted at the Audiology and SLP unit of ENT, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab. A total of 200 subjects in the age group of 20-50years were included, 100 each in study and control group. Combination of reverse translation, committee, and bilingual models were used for development of VHI-Punjabi. The construct validity was very good (r = 0.91). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was obtained between the study group and control group in all the subtest scores and on the total scores of VHI-Punjabi. Statistical significant correlation is found in two administrations of VHI-Punjabi after a gap of 2weeks in both study group and control group (p < 0.001). To find the internal consistency of VHI-Punjabi, Chronbach alpha was calculated, which came to be 0.97. The internal consistency was high. The results of the present study indicate that VHI-Punjabi is a valid and reliable tool that can be used for evaluation of patients with different types of voice problems.

Differences in the Role of Psychological Well-Being and Subjective Well-Being in Predicting Work Engagement

Employees with high Work Engagement (WE) are believed to be more reliable in achieving organizational goals. This research aims to determine the differences in the role of well-being with the concepts of hedonic and eudemonic in predicting WE. The subjects of this research consisted of 327 people, who were analyzed in 3 stages, namely 110 people who were analyzed in stage-1, 217 people who were analyzed in stage-2, and all research subjects were analyzed in stage-3. All data for this research were collected using the WE scale, PWB scale, SWFL scale, and PANAS, which have a Chronbach alpha reliability coefficient of .773 respectively; .831; .627; 747; 744. In stage-1 research analysis, SWB and PWB show more of just one component, whereas in stage-2 and stage-3 research analysis, they are more likely to be seen as two different factors in predicting WE. The results of the stepwise model multiple regression statistical technique analysis concluded that the regression coefficient on the influence of SWB and PWB on WE from the three analyses stated that PWB was stronger than SWB in predicting WE. Thus, it can be interpreted that to predict WE the Well-Being concept with the eudemonic concept is greater than using well-being with the hedonic concept.

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Chinese Version of the Duke Activity Status Index in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases.

Exercise capacity serves as a direct representation of cardiac function. The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), a self-administered 12-item questionnaire, covers aspects of daily living, household tasks, sexual function, and physical activity. Although widely used to evaluate exercise capacity, its validation in Chinese cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients has not been thoroughly explored. Considering the significant cultural and lifestyle differences between China and Western countries, which may influence Chinese patients' comprehension and responses to DASI, our objective is to culturally adapt DASI for Chinese patients with CVD to ensure its precision in assessing exercise capacity. The cultural adaptation of the original DASI questionnaire into Chinese followed a rigorous process to ensure its validity, reliability, and sensitivity to Chinese CVD patients. The study included 107 outpatients diagnosed with CVD who completed the DASI and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Cronbach's alpha, Spearman correlation, and factor analysis were utilized to test reliability and validity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to assess the prognostic utility of the DASI. Participants had a mean DASI score of 39.40 10.75 and a peak oxygen uptake (Peak ) of 19.53 5.89 mL/min/kg. The Chinese version of the DASI exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity in CVD patients, with a Chronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.706. The DASI score demonstrated a moderate correlation with Peak measured by CPET (r = 0.67, p 0.001). Factor analysis yielded three factors, accounting for 56.76% of the total variance, with factor 1 contributing to 26.38% of the variance. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the DASI exhibited discriminative utility in the identification of patients with improved long-term prognosis (p 0.001). The ROC curve had an area of 0.788 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.704-0.871]. The DASI score 36.85 served as the optimal threshold for enhanced long-term prognosis, exhibiting a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.69. The culturally adapted DASI questionnaire is a straightforward and efficient tool for reasonably evaluating exercise capacity in Chinese CVD patients.

Brazilian Version of the Vestibular Activities and Participation Measure: Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability.

Vestibular Activities and Participation Measure (VAP) subscales assess the effect of vestibular disorders on activity and participation. This study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and assess the validity, internal consistency, reliability, and measurement error of the Brazilian version of VAP subscales. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by a committee of experts, and pretesting phases. Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while Spearman's correlation between VAP subscales and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was used to assess construct validity. Cronbach's alpha measured internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed intra- and inter-rater reliability, and measurement error was calculated by using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Additional information was included in the Brazilian version of the Vestibular Activities and Participation measure (VAP-BR) after approval by one of the developers of the instrument to improve the understanding among individuals. One factor was found in the EFA for each subscale with 50% explained variance. Regarding CFA, the subscales 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) presented, respectively, adequate model fit indices (ie, comparative fit index of 0.99 and 0.97, and standardized root mean square residual of 0.04 for both subscales), but a very low factor load in item 6 of S1 (0.08). Chronbach's alpha was 0.80 (S1) and 0.82 (S2). For intra-rater assessment, the S1 and S2 presented an ICC of 0.87 and 0.90, SEM of 0.01 and 1.16, and MDC of 0.39 and 0.46, respectively. When assessed by 2 different raters, SEM values were 1.03 and 1.53, and MDC values were 2.85 and 4.23 for S1 and S2, respectively; both subscales showed an ICC of 0.92. Correlations between DHI and VAP subscales presented coefficients above 0.57. The Brazilian version of VAP subscales presents good measurement properties and may assist health professionals in identifying activity limitations and participation restrictions in individuals with vestibular disorders.

Human Resource Development Practices and Employee Engagement in Nepalese Commercial Banks

The level of employee engagement is a significant issue for many organizations globally. As a result, many organizations are using a variety of human resource development practices to enhance employee engagement. The purpose of this study is to focus on analyzing the relationship between HRD practices and employees' engagement in Nepalese commercial banks. The study's independent variables were Career Advancement, Performance Management. Reward and Recognition and Training and Development. The dependent variable is Employee Engagement. The descriptive research design is used. The population of the study was 46408, and a simple random sampling technique was used to pick 384 employees from 11 commercial banks as sample. Data were gathered by using a standardized questionnaire on Likert Scale with 1 specifying a strongly disagree and 5 a strongly agree. Descriptive statistics such as Mean, Correlation and Regression were employed to analyze the data. Chronbach's Alpha was used to test the reliability. Which was 0.65 on an average. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data. The study concluded that Career Advancement and Performance Management had a favorable and significant relationship with Employee Engagement, Reward and Recognition and positive but insignificant relationship and Training and Development had a negative but significant relationship with Employee Engagement.

Human Resource Management and Employee Engagement in Nepalese Commercial Banks

Employee Engagement is mainstream attention for any type of organizations in the current business scenario. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between employee engagement and HRM components among employees of various commercial banks in Nepal. The workplace, values, motivation, and attitude are among the independent variables in the study. Employee engagement is the study's dependent variable. Descriptive research design is the one employed in this study. The study's population consisted of 46,508 employees, and 396 employees were randomly chosen from 11 commercial banks using a simple random sampling technique. A standardized Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect the data, with 1 denoting a strong disagreement and 5 denoting a strong agreement. The data were analyzed using regression analysis, correlation, and descriptive statistics. Cronbach's Alpha has been used to measure reliability. With an average Chronbach's Alpha rating of 0.79, reliability has been considered acceptable. The study has concluded that employees' attitude, motivation and value have a favorable and significant relationship with employee engagement, Workplace has a positive but insignificant impact on employee engagement. The main emphasis of this study is the need for proactive, comprehensive strategies to human resource management techniques in order to guarantee coherence with company goals and prioritize employee engagement.

The Effectiveness of Group Counselling using Cognitive Restructuration Techniques to Improve Students’ Learning Discipline at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Sawangan

Based on the results of observations, it was found that there were different levels of discipline and there were still students who had a low level of discipline and were less disciplined in obeying school regulations at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Sawangan and it was found that several students did not take the exams held by the school. There needs to be treatment that can be carried out by counselors to help alleviate problems faced by students, especially regarding learning discipline. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring technique group counseling to improve students' learning discipline at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Sawangan. The type of research used is a pre-experimental quantitative research design with a one-group Pretest-Posttest research design. The sampling technique used in the research was purposive sampling. The research subjects were 6 students from class VIII for the 2022/2023 academic year at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Sawangan. The validity test uses the product moment formula with the help of the SPSS 25 program. Learning discipline is measured using a learning discipline scale which has been tested for validity and reliability. Of the 34 items tested for validity using the product moment formula, 26 items were valid statements. Meanwhile, the reliability test showed a Chronbach alpha score of 0.624. Based on the research conducted, the results of the Wilcoxon table statistical test hypothesis test were obtained, Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.028. Because the value 0.028 &lt; 0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Based on this research, it can be concluded that cognitive restructuring technique group counseling services are effective in improving learning discipline in students.

Labor unit culture and attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth-The Swedish version of the labor culture survey (S-LCS)-Psychometric properties.

In order to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing cesarean births, care practitioners' attitudes are important to measure. The Labor Culture Survey (LCS) is a scale that measures individual and unit attitudes towards supporting vaginal birth. As no equivalent scale exists in Sweden, the aim was to translate, adapt, and validate the LCS and to investigate whether there were differences in attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth between maternity care practitioners. A cross-sectional study including midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants working with intrapartum care in five labor wards in Sweden. The original LCS was translated into Swedish, and six context-specific items were developed for the Swedish setting (SLCS). The translation was tested for face validity. Psychometric analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and principal axis factoring. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were calculated to analyze differences in attitudes between professions on the subscales of the S-LCS. A total of 539 midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants participated. The final S-LCS showed a five-factor solution with the following subscales: Best Practices to reduce cesarean overuse, Unpredictability of vaginal birth, Unit Microculture, Maternal Agency, and Organizational Oversight. Chronbach alpha values varied from 0.60 to 0.83. Midwives were more supportive towards vaginal birth and less fearful of potential consequences of vaginal birth compared with physicians. The S-LCS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in Swedish maternity care. Further work to improve the scale should include additional items reflecting the subscale Maternal Agency.

Availability, Condition and Management of Necessary Resources for Vision Impaired Kids in Public Sector Special Education Organizations of Punjab Pakistan

Objective: Without the necessary facilities and service no special education institution can achieve its predetermined targets this study is an effort to explore the availability and condition of necessary facilities and services for children with vision impairment in government special education institutions of Punjab.&#x0D; Methodology: It was descriptive quantitative research by nature. Survey method was applied to take information about availability and present condition of necessary facilities and services from randomly selected 53 government special education institutions situated in 28 districts in all over the Punjab. The data was collected using a personally formulated, validated likert-type opinioned. Chronbach alpha has been applied to assess the instrument's reliability and the result was 0.81. The one checklist was responded by any accessible official from each institution. Most of the respondents were teachers. Principle author collected data personally. Researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics for the sake of data collection.&#x0D; Findings: The findings show that some provisions and services, such as free education and a monthly stipend, are adequately provided in public sector organizations for special kids. But, a significant number of essential facilities and services are either absent or in subpar condition in most of the academic organizations working for special kids. Such as the availability of ramps and stairs, easy to use computer lab &amp; library for visually challenged students, and books in Braille when needed, etc.&#x0D; Implications: According to a study, government special education institutions should promptly provide all essential resources and services. Additionally, it's important to maintain and use effectively the facilities that are available.

PACES: a primary care tool to detect mental health disorders in Indigenous Colombians.

The aim of this research was to present the process of intercultural creation and validation, in addition to the analysis of the psychometric properties of the Parenting, Behavior, Emotions and Suicide risk scale. A cross-sectional study, cultural adaptation and validation with an ethnic approach were carried out by expert judges in mental health; subsequently, the instrument was applied, and a factorial analysis was carried out, and it was established that there was agreement between the instrument results and two expert perspectives regarding spiritual disharmony. The sample consisted of 168 families of children and young people (54.8% women, 45.2% men), with a mean age of 11.2 years, in Colombia. Regarding the geographical location, 44% were from Guajira, 44.6% were from Nari&ntilde;o and 11.3% were from Vaup&eacute;s, from the Wayuu, Aw&aacute; and Ember&aacute; communities, respectively. The scale showed high reliability (Chronbach's &alpha;=0.911), and in the factorial analysis the following parenting domains were formed from the parents: involvement, monitoring and bond, from boys, girls and young people; suicidal risk perceived by caregivers and perceived by children and young people; in addition to a total mental health risk. The questions that inquired about hallucinations and seizures did not show grouping in any factor, and two questions were eliminated. Similarly, a high inter-rater concordance was shown, with a higher Cohen's &kappa; coefficient for all domains. There are few intercultural and early detection studies of parenting and mental health problems in children and youth that have an ethnic approach. It is observed that the instrument serves as a means of monitoring mental health issues in children and adolescents, as well as the parenting practices employed in their socialization, from both the perspective of caregivers and the young individuals themselve. This study indicates that the scale is an adequate tool, quick and easy to administer in first-level care settings.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of The Nepali Version of The Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility Short-Form (Plus-M™/Nepali-12Sf) In Lower Limb Prosthesis Users.

Objective mobility measurement of Nepali prosthesis users is lacking. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt, translate and evaluate construct validity of the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility (PLUS-M™/Nepali-12 Short Form (SF)) instrument in lower limb prosthesis users residing in Nepal. Two forward translations, review and reconciliation, back translation, expert review, developer review to create the PLUS-M™/Nepali-12SF. Psychometric testing for internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity against the Two-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) and Amputee Mobility Predictor with Prosthesis (AMPPRO) were performed on sixty-six lower limb prosthesis users. The majority of populations were with transtibial amputation 45 (68%), with transfemoral amputation 15 (23%), with knee disarticulation 5 (7.5%) and with syme's amputation 1 (1.5%). The most common cause of amputation among the population was trauma and the least was tumor. Chronbach's alpha for the PLUS-M™/Nepali-12SF was 0.90, mean T-Score was 52.90, test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.90-0.96). Construct validity with the 2MWT was good (r = 0.62, p< 0.001) and moderately positive with the AMPPRO (r = 0.57, p< 0.001). Our research evidenced that the PLUS-M™/Nepali-12SF had excellent reproducibility. The significance of this work is that it may allow for the measurement of mobility in austere locations of Nepal.

Human Resource Development and Employee Engagement in Nepalese Development Banks

The purpose of this study is to determine how employee engagement in Nepalese development banks is affected by human resource development. The study’s independent variables include employee training, personal development, career development, and professional development. The dependent variable in the study is employee engagement. The research design is descriptive research design. The population of the study consisted of 18 development banks, and a simple random sample technique was used to select the employees of 7 development banks at random basis. Data collected using a standardized questionnaire on Likert Scale with1 signifying a strong agreement and 5 a strong disagreement. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis are used to analyze the data. Cronbach's Alpha has been used to test for reliability. Reliability is acceptable with a Chronbach's Alpha rating of 0.71 on an average. The study concludes that employee training facilities and personal development have a favorable and significant relationship with employee engagement; career development has a negligible and insignificant impact on employee engagement. Professional development has a negligible yet significant impact on employee engagement.