To enhance the wear resistance of Vermicular cast iron (RuT300) and achieve the stepped hardness distribution for the impact deformation resistance in the middle and lower part of the coating and wear resistance in the surface of the coating, the sandwich-structured Ni60CuMo coating with the transition layer was fabricated on RuT300 by laser cladding. The microstructure, hardness, and fracture toughness for the coating were analyzed, and the effect of different loads on wear resistance was investigated. The wear-resistant layer mainly contains Ni-based solid solution, hard phase of chromium compound and some ductile Cu phases. The hardness for coating without cracks shows the stepped distribution, increasing to 381HV0.5, 419HV0.5, and 490HV0.5 in the wear layer, transition layer, and heat-affected zone, respectively. The transition layer can suppress the impact of carbon from the substrate on the hardness of the wear-resistant layer. The wear resistance of the coating demonstrates a self-adaptive enhancement effect with increasing load. As the load increases from 10 N to 30 N and 50 N, the wear rate decreases from 2.865 to 1.525 and 1 (×10⁻⁴mm³N⁻¹m⁻¹). The main wear mechanism is oxidative wear. The extruded ductile Cu phase causes the wear debris to adhere it and the compacted oxide glaze layer is formed with the high load, then the compacted oxide glaze layer isolates oxygen and reduces oxidative wear. In contrast, incomplete oxide layers at low load fail to provide effective isolation, and cracks on the subsurface serve as critical pathways for continued oxygen penetration, resulting in more severe oxidative wear.