Extraction Of Chromium Research Articles

Leather-based fertilizers from Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) reverse logistics: Technical efficiency and environmental safety

Agriculture and industry are seeking healthy food and enough goods to meet the global demand without causing environmental impacts, which motivates the search for sustainable and eco-efficient technologies. This study focuses on reverse logistics in the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) industry. Chrome-tanned leather shavings from the manufacture of PPE and post-use leather PPE were used to produce leather-based fertilizers (LBFs), which were evaluated for their agronomic efficiency and food safety. N-rich liquid LBFs were successfully produced through hydrolysis, either with or without previous chromium extraction. At the dose of maximum technical efficiency, LBFs are safe, with acceptable levels of Cr in the plant biomass and the soil compartments. However, LBF overdoses promote Cr accumulation in plants and soils, which demonstrates the need for a rigorous control over the fertilization management to ensure successful PPE reverse logistics.

Mass transfer characteristics of vanadium species on the high-efficient solvent extraction of vanadium in microchannels/microreactors

The complex aqueous metal species distributions limit the purification technology. However, few researchers focus on the mass transfer about metal species. In this paper, the new microfluidic device Raydrop connecting with capillaries are used as microchannels/microreactors for the mass transfer characteristics investigation. The different vanadium solution conditions are applied for the two-phase interface and mass transfer coefficient study. It is proved that the smaller vanadium species, such as V1 species, perform lower interfacial disturbance degree, and their droplet size is larger and interfacial tension is more stable. Oppositely, V10 species possess greater interface migration capability on the liquid–liquid interface. The chemical reactions also behave positive effect on the interface transfer. Moreover, the different flow patterns, such as slug flow, droplet flow and annular flow, are decided by different reaction systems and flow rates. The strengthening effect of microchannel is much stronger in mixed V4 and V10 aqueous solution than that of single V4 and V10 aqueous solution no matter with and without reactions. While in the competitive extraction of vanadium and chromium, the HCrO4- and CrO42- species also reacted with H+, so the V4 species is the predominant vanadium species in the mass transfer process. This paper is promising for the understanding of mass transfer at molecular level.

Process and Mechanisms for Extraction of Chromium and Vanadium from Vanadium Slag by Roasting with High Content of Mg(OH)2

Process and Mechanisms for Extraction of Chromium and Vanadium from Vanadium Slag by Roasting with High Content of Mg(OH)2

Inclusion of bimetallic Fe0.75Cu0.25-BDC MOFs into Alginate-MoO3/GO as a novel nanohybrid for adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium from water

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as porous materials have recently attracted research works in removal of toxic pollutants from water. Cr(VI) is well-known as one of the most toxic forms of chromium and the selection of efficient and effective Cr(VI)-remediation technology must be focused on a number of important parameters. Therefore, the objective of this work is to fabricate a novel nanohybrid adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) by using assembled bimetallic MOFs (Fe0.75Cu0.25-BDC)-bound- Alginate-MoO3/Graphene oxide (Alg-MoO3/GO) via simple solvothermal process. The aimed Fe0.75Cu0.25-BDC@Alg-MoO3/GO nanohybrid was confirmed by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD and TGA. Adsorptive extraction of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was aimed by various optimized experimental parameters providing optimum pH = 3, dosage = 5–10 mg, starting concentration of Cr(VI) = 5–15 mg L−1, shaking time = 5–10 min. The point of zero charge (pHPzc) was 3.8. For Cr(VI) removal by Fe0.75Cu0.25-BDC@Alg-MoO3/GO, four isotherm models were estimated: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) with calculated correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9934) for Langmuir model which was higher than others. The collected results from the kinetic study clarified that pseudo-second order model is the most convenient one for describing the adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) and therefore, the adsorption process was suggested to rely on a chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters referred that the adsorption mechanism is based on a spontaneous and exothermic process. Finally, the emerged Fe0.75Cu0.25-BDC@Alg-MoO3/GO nanohybrid was confirmed as an effective adsorbent for extraction of hexavalent chromium from real water specimens (tap, sea water and wastewater) with percentage recovery values > 98%.

Extraction of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using novel rotating zigzag contactor

ABSTRACT HIGEE (an acronym of high gravity) devices have attracted considerable attention among the researchers due to its immense process intensification capability. In order to achieve desired process efficiency this technology replaces terrestrial acceleration by centrifugal one (typically 1000g) which can be attained by rotating a specially shaped rigid bed. This study focuses on liquid–liquid extraction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from wastewater using aliquat-336 as an extractant inside a novel rotating zigzag contactor (RZC). Extraction efficiency of RZC were observed with the variation in pH (2–10), rotational speed (300–1100rpm), aqueous phase (0.4–1.2 L-min−1) and organic phase (0.05–0.15 L-min−1) flow rate, feed (25–200 mg-L−1) and extractant (0.5–1.25 vol%) concentration. The results obtained from this study showed a significant improvement in extraction efficiency (85–99%) with the variation in rotational speed (300–1100rpm). It was observed that the efficiency increased with rotational speed, total flow rate and the organic phase flow rates but decreased with the feed concentration and pH of the aqueous solution. Comparison with some conventional contactors reveals that the extraction efficiency obtained in RZC was nearly 40–50% higher under the same operating conditions.

A variational applied approach for Cr (III) removal by Y-Y shaped microchannel; Experimental and CFD simulation studies

The growing importance of metal separation methods and the shortcomings of conventional solvent extraction techniques, such as high energy consumption, long operation times, and large space requirements, have resulted in more attention toward the demand for applying new technology to improve these defects. Microfluidics can be a proper choice for this purpose owing to their high mass and heat transfer rate, low material consumption and small size. In this study, the solvent extraction of chromium (III) ion in a Polydimethylsiloxane Y-Y microchannel using MDEHPA as the extractant and corn oil as the organic solvent was studied. The surface response method (RSM) was applied to investigate the effect of operating parameters on extraction efficiency and obtain the optimal extraction conditions. Under these conditions, the extraction rate was 84.76%. Also, to accurately evaluate the mass transfer performance, the volumetric mass transfer coefficients (KLa) in the batch and microfluidic extraction in the obtained optimal conditions were calculated. The KLa for the microfluidic extraction system was much larger, indicating better mass transfer performance of the microfluidic devices. In addition, CFD simulations were performed to investigate the channel's internal flow and extraction efficiency. The results showed a suitable agreement compared to the experimental results.

Metallurgical Dust as an Adsorbent of Heavy Metal Ions from Washing Wastewater of Electroplating Industries

The problems of wastewater treatment of electroplating industries from heavy metal ions are considered . The prospects and relevance of the sorption method of purification are shown. The results of a study on the use of dust from metallurgical industries for the extraction of hexavalent chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, and cadmium ions from the washing water of galvanic productions are presented. The possibility of intensifying the deposition of suspension particles in a settling tank, the polymer bottom of which is equipped with electromagnets, is shown. The parameters of processing the extracted sediments into anticorrosive pigments have been determined. An experimental batch of MA-25 paint was prepared on the basis of pigment from sorption purification waste. The properties of the resulting coating were investigated and it was found that it complies with all the standards imposed on this brand of paint except for color.

Investigation on separation principle of vanadium and chromium among Fe2VO4-CaO-FeCr2O4 system: Simplify and simulate calcification roasting process of vanadium-chromium slag

The competitive reaction of vanadium and chromium with calcium additives, along with the formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and calcium chromate are the central issue to the efficient separation and extraction of vanadium and chromium from vanadium-chromium slag (V-Cr slag) by calcification roasting. In this study, Fe2VO4 and FeCr2O4 were synthesized to simulate the vanadium chromium spinel in V-Cr slag; then, the reaction mechanism of Fe2VO4-CaO-FeCr2O4 powder system was studied by XRD, SEM and leaching experiments. Results showed that calcium vanadate and calcium chromate are generated after roasting Fe2VO4-CaO system and FeCr2O4-CaO system individually. In Fe2VO4-CaO-FeCr2O4 system, as n(CaO)/n(V2O3) is 2, vanadium exists in the form of Ca2V2O7 while almost all Cr2O3 from the decomposition of FeCr2O4 reacts with Fe2O3 to continuously form solid solution with more FeCr2O4 adding. After leaching, the addition of FeCr2O4 has no obvious effect on the leaching ratio of vanadium, and the leaching ratio of chromium decrease with FeCr2O4 adding. Consequently, 94.03% of vanadium and 0.15% of chromium are leached with n(CaO)/n(V2O3)/n(Cr2O3) of 2/1/1.03 at 900 °C. When n(CaO)/n(V2O3) is 4, Fe2VO4 is oxidized and calcified gradually to form Ca2V2O7 and Ca3V2O8 with increasing roasting temperature. A small amount of CaCrO4 is generated owing to the calcification of chromium, and most chromium still exists in the form of solid solution. The reaction result of Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 is the superposition of solid solution reactions with different degrees. Increasing the roasting temperature can significantly reduce the chromium leaching ratio. All above would provide a theoretical support for the calcification roasting process from V-Cr slag.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of chromium from tanned leather shavings: A promising continuous flow technology for the treatment of solid waste

In this work, a continuous flow extraction system assisted by ultrasound (US) was developed for the extraction of Cr(III) from residual tanned leather shavings. US energy was delivered into the system by a tubular applicator (clamp-on tube US applicator). The effect of the US energy was investigated at 20 kHz of frequency and electrical input power of 75, 150, 300 and 600 W. Residence time and temperature profile were also evaluated. It was observed that the internal temperature profile was affected by the presence of US and inverted in comparison with the conditions without US. In this way, the temperature profile generated by the US was reproduced by using electrical resistances in order to compare the obtained results. The US intensity was measured using a hydrophone connected to a sound pressure meter. The use of the US did not alter the dynamic behavior of the system but increased the extraction efficiency when compared to the silent condition. US power above 75 W did not lead to increased extraction efficiency, when the residence time was 30 min. However, when 60 min of residence time were employed, the optimized US power was 150 W, resulting in an extraction efficiency of 71.7 ± 0.7 %, about 28 % higher when compared to the silent condition in the same temperature and other conditions. The US energy allowed a reduction in processing time and operational temperature when compared to the silent condition with the same temperature profile. The overall energy consumption with US was similar or lower than that observed without US, showing the feasibility of the proposed extraction system.

Effect of chromium content on the phase composition, crystallization and components extraction of vanadium slag

The existence of chromium in vanadium slag is generally considered to affect its phase composition, micromorphology, and further vanadium extraction by calcification roasting process. In this work, remelting and crystallization were used to prepare vanadium slag with different Cr2O3 mass fractions. The aforementioned effects were then examined through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and leaching experiments. Results showed that Cr2O3 content affects spinel phase in vanadium slag. With the increase in Cr2O3 content, chromium was observed in the (Mn, Fe)(V, Cr)2O4 phase with vanadium in a homogeneous form, while the diffraction peak positions of (Mn, Fe)(V, Cr)2O4 shifted by a large angle from the lattice distortion. Further, the average grain size of spinel gradually decreased because of the increase in the number of crystallization centers, and the distribution of Cr, V, and Ti in the spinel phase were gradually homogenized instead of having obvious stratification. After calcification roasting, vanadium and chromium existed in the form of vanadate and (Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3, achieving the complete separation of them after acid leaching. The increase in Cr2O3 content had no significant effect on the leaching behavior of vanadium. Additionally, increasing the roasting temperature and accelerating the heating process contributed to restraining chromium extraction. These results provide a research basis for the resource utilization of vanadium slag and vanadium chromium slag.

Rapid preparation of melamine based magnetic covalent triazine polymers for highly efficient extraction of copper(II), chromium(III) and lead(II) ions from environmental and biological samples

In this work, melamine based magnetic covalent triazine polymers (MCTPs) was prepared by decoration of melamine based triazine polymers on the surface of magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. The polymer decoration is realized by nucleophilic substitution reaction between melamine (as functional monomer) and 1,4-dibromobutane (as crosslinking agent), which is simple, rapid and cost effective. The resultant MCTPs showed good affinity toward Cu2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+ with fast adsorption kinetic (7 min) and high adsorption capacities (38.3, 33.9 and 49.7 mg g−1 for Cu2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+, respectively). Besides, the prepared MCTPs can be reused after adsorption, desorption and regeneration steps, and the phase separation is highly efficient with the addition of an external magnet. Thus, MCTPs was employed as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for the extraction of trace Cu2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+ followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) determination. Then the extraction conditions of the above-mentioned MSPE-GFAAS method were optimized, including sample pH, extraction/elution time, sample volume, etc. Under the optimized conditions, the MCTPs based MSPE-GFAAS method exhibit the following merits: short extraction/elution time (10/3 min), high enrichment factor (125 folds) and low detection limit (2.9, 1.4 and 6.1 ng L-1 for Cu2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+, respectively). Finally, the proposed method was successfully employed for the determination of trace Cu2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+ in tap water, river water, lake water, human urine and human hair samples. The adequate recoveries of 85 ∼ 105% in spiked samples were achieved, suggesting the promising potential of MCTPs based MSPE-GFAAS method as an effective method for evaluating the environment and biological effect of metal ions.

Graphene thin film microextraction and nanoparticle enhancement for fast LIBS metal trace analysis in liquids

Several strategies have been effectively tested in the past to improve the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) signal for the analysis of liquid samples, involving peculiar experimental configurations, such as Double Pulse LIBS (DP-LIBS). Recently, sample treatment has proven to be a viable and simple way to enhance the performances of LIBS towards the analysis of solutions. Among the various strategies, the most promising and versatile appears to be Thin Film Microextraction (TFME) using carbon-based adsorbents.Another sample pre-treatment procedure, Nanoparticle-Enhanced LIBS (NELIBS), has gained significant interest due to its relative simplicity and effectiveness. This methodology uses a deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the sample to greatly increase the emission of the LIBS plasma.In this work, we investigate for the first time the possibility of combining TFME and NELIBS. We developed TFME supports by depositing an aqueous graphene nano-sheets (aq-GRA) prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) on a glass substrate. The preparation of the supports was optimized with regards to the substrate nature, deposition method, sorbent volume and drying method. Then, the TFME supports were tested for the extraction of Chromium from aqueous solution at different extraction times and analyte concentration. Subsequently, the TFME supports were treated with a deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) to test the feasibility of the NELIBS approach.We observed an enhancement in the emission lines of Cr when the AgNPs were applied, as well as a lower estimated LOD value when compared to plain graphene TFME supports.

Effect of the medium composition on the extraction of chromium, aluminium and iron hydroxides from wastewater by electroflotation

The process of electroflotation is used for treatment of wastewaters carrying heavy and non-ferrous metals in the form of poorly soluble compounds if the concentrations of contaminants are too high to be handled by adsorption process. The problem of raising the efficiency of electroflotation process is currently of relevance. This paper examines how the composition of the medium, i.e. the nature of the electrolyte, surfactants and hardness salts, can influence the extraction of iron, aluminum and chromium hydroxides from aqueous solutions by electroflotation. It was found that the electrolyte (NaCl, Na2SO4) nature has no significant effect on the process. The hydroxide extraction performance can be impacted by the presence of calcium ions regardless of the electrolyte nature. It happens due to the adsorption of Ca2+ on the hydroxide surface, which makes it more hydrophilic. The degree of dispersed phase extraction can be increased due to the introduction of surfactants: didecyldimethylammonium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate and a mixture of primary oxyethylated synthetic alcohols. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, which is an anionic surfactant, proved to deliver the best result. The high process efficiency in terms of dispersed phase extraction is due to the hydrophobization of the particle surface by adsorbed sodium dodecyl sulfate and the stabilization of gas bubbles. The particle sizes of iron and chromium hydroxides vary in the range of 0.04 to 4 microns. At the same time, most of the aluminum hydroxide particles are bigger than 10 microns, which can be attributed to the high polymerization ability of aluminum ions and subsequent particle coagulation. The efficiency of electroflotation extraction of chromium, aluminum and iron hydroxides in the presence of calcium ions using anionic surfactant is at least 90%. Additional filtration is recommended to ensure the treated wastewater is in compliance with applicable standard.

Estimation of Model Parameters in the Extraction of Cr(VI) from Wastewater by an Emulsion Liquid Membrane

AbstractKinetic modeling of an emulsion liquid membrane for extraction of hexavalent chromium from wastewater was performed. The membrane was prepared by using Span 80, di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and kerosene as non‐ionic surfactant, carrier, and diluent, respectively. The rate constants of extraction and stripping phases were calculated by studying the effect of the concentration of HCl in the feed, the concentration of the carrier in the membrane, and the pH of the stripping phase. It was found that the rate of complex diffusion due to the difference between the extraction and stripping rates influences the transfer and Cr(VI) buildup in the membrane phase.

Extraction and separation of chromium from the solution after hydrolysis precipitation of vanadium

ABSTRACT The qualified chromium oxide product was prepared successfully using acidic chromium solution after hydrolysis precipitation of vanadium based on sodium salt roasting-water leaching process in high chromium vanadium slag. The reduction conditions of sodium thiosulfate were provided. The influences of various factors on the filtration performance of chromium hydroxide were discussed, including precipitation agents, precipitation modes and precipitation temperature. The effects of chromium hydroxide calcination conditions and washing mode on the quality of chromium oxide were investigated. The results indicated that Na2S2O3 can completely reduce the acidic chromium solution, the reduction pH was less than 4.0, and the mass ratio of Na2S2O3 to Cr(VI) in the solution was 3.1. When the temperature was higher than 60°C, chromium hydroxide obtained by parallel flow precipitation using sodium carbonate as precipitant performed much better in filtration. The washed chromium hydroxide was calcined at 1200°C for 2 h. The final product of Cr2O3 with a purity of 98.76% was obtained after grinding and washing appropriately.

MICROWAVE ENHANCED CHROMIUM EXTRACTION FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE AND SOIL-SLUDGE MIXTURES USING BIODEGRADABLE CHELANTS

Microwave enhanced chromium extraction from sewage sludge and soil-sludge mixtures was carried out using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and more biodegradable chelating agents: methyleneglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), S, S’-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and S-carboxyl-L-cysteine (SCLC). Raising the temperature using microwave energy had particularly strong effect on Cr extraction efficiency with MGDA from all the investigated biosolids. The higher was the temperature, the larger amount of metal was extracted – maximum removal efficiency with MGDA at 150oC was 38 times higher than that at 20oC. The effect of microwave-assisted extraction duration was also significant – extraction effectiveness increased by 40-60 % at 150oC while increasing duration from 15 min up to 60 min, depending upon the type of biosolid tested. MW-enhanced chromium extraction efficiency from sludge mixture with clay soil was in all cases significantly lower than that from the raw sludge samples as well as sludge mixture with sandy soil. Extraction study showed that such readily degradable agents as EDDS and MGDA can be successfully used to wash biosolids in the presence of chromium contamination instead of persistent EDTA when microwave energy is applied, while SCLC was less efficient. According to the complexation efficiency, the investigated chelants can be ranked in the following order: EDTA≈MGDA>EDDS>SCLC, while the overall chromium removal capacity of MGDA was better than that of EDDS.

Development of an Eco-friendly and Sustainable Method of Dechroming Leather Wastes

Huge quantities of chromium-containing leather solid wastes are generated during the production of chrome-tanned leather worldwide. Disposal of these huge quantities of leather solid wastes is a major challenge due to the presence of chromium, which is highly toxic (mainly in its hexavalent form) and detrimental to the environment. Sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of their disposal and treatment options for removing chromium are required so that the dechromed waste can be utilized to make useful products, such as fertilizer for soil conditioning, to improve agriculture, or other applications. In this study, therefore, a new method of dechroming leather solid wastes was designed, whose procedure and results were compared with three other commonly used methods. The focus of the various dechroming methods was on the evaluation of the degree of chromium extraction from chrome-tanned leather wastes without destroying the collagen tissues. The average total amount of extractable chromium content (Cr2O3) in the dried leather waste samples was found to be 3.67%. The new method was found to be relatively more efficient, environmentally sound and less cumbersome than all the other methods investigated in this work. At P-Value of < 0.05, concentrations of chromium extracted and %TKN in residual collagen hydrolysate reached up to 99.89% and 52.89%, respectively. The levels of total ash and total organic carbon were also relatively high in the resultant collagen hydrolysate (i.e. 12.42% and 23.27%, respectively). The t distribution test on the results of the various dechroming methods confirmed that there was a significant difference at 95% confidence interval, since t (calculated) was greater than t (tabulated). It was concluded that nearly all the chromium in chrome-tanned leather wastes can be removed with a simple technology, which is sustainable and environmentally sound.

A comprehensive review on chromium chemistry along with detection, speciation, extraction and remediation of hexavalent chromium in contemporary science and technology

AbstractThe presence of hexavalent chromium in our environment is a potential mutagenic hazard for the whole animal and plant kingdom including humans. In the last five decades numerous physico‐chemical and bio‐chemical mechanisms have been proposed for the detection of chromium speciation, extraction and remediation of the same from contaminated environmental samples. This present review is dedicated on the discussions of detection of chromium speciation in various environmental samples viz., industrial wastes, workplace particulates, plants, aquatic animals and food samples. Different physical, chemical and biological analytical methods have been presented. Mechanisms of such detection, extraction/remediation techniques are also emphasised. The aim of this article is to comprehend the contemporary advancement in this field that may be applied from lab to industry levels.

Resource-saving processing of technological solutions and wastewater by electrochemical method (methods overview)

The paper summarizes the data on the wastewater formation from a number of plants of chemical, engineering, energy and leather industries and its processing in electrolyzers of various designs to obtain the substances that can be used in various production processes. In the ethylenediamine production, wastewater occurs at the stages of amines rectification and of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride neutralization. Recycling of effluents generated during the amine rectification in a two-chamber electrolysis cell allows the ethylenediamine and ammonia to be returned to the production process. The processing of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride solution in the membrane electrolyzers saves alkali for the neutralization process. Electrochemical processing of distilled liquid in soda production makes possible to obtain calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid or chlorine, which can be used in various industrial processes. Wastewater generated during the demineralized water production contains a significant amounts of sodium sulfates and chlorides. The processing of these effluents in a membrane electrolyzer yields sulfuric acid and alkali, which are suitable for the regeneration of ion-exchange filters. After processing in an electrodialysis apparatus the wastewater generated during the chromium and nickel coatings, is concentrated to values that allow them to be used to prepare an electrolyte adjustment. The leather industry effluents contains an amount of trivalent chromium and sulphides. Electrochemical processing of these effluents leads to almost complete extraction of chromium and sulfides.

Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the Optimization of Chromium(III) Synergistic Extraction by Supported Liquid Membrane.

In this paper, the response surface methodology (RSM) was proposed for studying the synergistic extraction of chromium(III) ions by double-carrier supported liquid membrane (DCSLM) with organophosphorus carriers (D2EHPA/Cyanex272). At first, the optimization method of “one-factor-at-a-time” was adopted for determination of the best conditions for Cr(III) extraction by SLM with only one carrier (D2EHPA). The optimum/threshold D2EHPA concentration in the membrane phase increased linearly with initial concentration of Cr(III) ions in the feed phase. After the addition the second carrier (Cyanex272), the synergistic effect was observed. The largest percentage of extraction and the shorter time was obtained. The optimization of the synergistic extraction in DCSLM system by RSM using Box–Behnken design (BBD) for three variables (concentration and proportions of the carriers, initial concentration of Cr(III), and time of the process) was studied. The statistical model was verified with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the response surface quadratic model. The reduced quadratic model showed that the predicted values were in agreement with those obtained experimentally, as well as the fact that the concentrations and proportions of the carriers had a significant influence on the response. The developed model was considered to be verified and can be used to predict the optimal condition for the chromium ions extraction.