Chromatic Technique Research Articles

Chromaticism in Thomas Weelkes’s 1600 collection: Possible models

Abstract This paper aims to identify possible models for Weelkes’s adventurous use of chromaticism in his 1600 collection of madrigals. Towards this end, a large number of manuscript and printed sources containing English and Continental music dating from ca. 1540 were examined. The evidence suggests that Weelkes probably owed most to Morley, Dowland, and in particular, the Italian composers Marenzio and Monteverdi, whose chromatic works appeared also to have influenced many other Elizabethan and Jacobean composers. Through his assimilation of modem chromatic techniques, Weelkes himself also made an important contribution to the development of chromaticism in England.

Application of a New Method for Measurement of Plasma Methadone Levels to the Use of Epidural Methadone for Relief of Postoperative Pain

A method is described for measurement of plasma methadone concentrations using a gas chromatic technique that is rapid and specific and enables the detection of concentrations of less than 1 ng/ml in plasma samples of only 1 ml. The method, when used to determine the plasma methadone levels in patients given continuous epidural infusions of methadone plus on-demand supplementation for relief of postoperative pain, showed plasma methadone plateaus of around 10 ng/ml (starting at 15 min and lasting over 2 hr) and 20 ng/ml (starting at 3 hr and lasting over the period of treatment) (P less than 0.001) after an initial 2-mg methadone epidural bolus and with continuous epidural methadone. Mean plasma methadone levels of around 10 ng/ml were associated with pain relief. Analgesia could be safely maintained for 24 hr.

Webern's Chromatic Organisation

In this article some of Webern's pre-serial 'atonal' pieces are examined in order to explore his methods of using the semitone as an organizing force. Briefly, the semitone can be used as an interval between two pitch-classes and can be extended to form semitone clusters. At its height, this chromatic technique becomes not only a means of linking thematic and harmonic fragments but also a prime mover in the shaping of a piece, a procedure Pousseur has called 'organic chromaticism'.1 The related concepts of semitone connection and cluster formation can be presented compositionally in several ways. Specifically, Webern seems to use four overlapping stages:

Use of sister chromatic exchange techniques for cytological detection of mutagen carcinogen exposure

Use of sister chromatic exchange techniques for cytological detection of mutagen carcinogen exposure

Rapid Chromatic Adaptation of Normal and Dichromatic Observers*

A large number of spectral sensitivity curves has been obtained for three observers: a normal, a deuteranope, and a protanope, by means of a rapid chromatic adaptation technique. Sensitivity curves for several adapting luminances and colors have been obtained. It has proved possible to fit these data by summing three hypothetical underlying sensitivity functions which are applicable to all three observers. The analysis of the theoretical fits appears to be in support of the concept of protanopia as a lack of “red cones” and of deuteranopia as a fusion of the inputs from “red” and “green cones.” There is evidence that chromatic adaptation is not, however, as selective as the hypothetical underlying sensitivity functions require.