Chorioid Plexus Research Articles

The Fine Structural Localization of Na-K ATPase in the Chorioid Plexus in Rat

The Fine Structural Localization of Na-K ATPase in the Chorioid Plexus in Rat

Influences of the pia mater on the precursors of nerve cells.

In the developing cerebellum of 8-day old rats surgical lesions were made. During regeneration of the cerebellum the pia mater was found to penetrate inside the neural tissue. Partially differentiated Purkinje cells and granule cells, that were in close contact with the pial cells, were found atrophied. When the profilerative cells of external granular layer came into contact with the pial cells, they were reduced to a primitive type of epitheloid cells. In this instance epithelio-mesenchymal interaction was found deleterious to the precursors of neurons. However, when the epithelioid cells were freed from the contact with the pial cells by intervening basement membrane, they differentiated into ependymal cells. Such ependymal cells gave rise to small as well as large new ventriculer structures, and structures resembling chorioid plexus.

Electron microscopic observations on phosphatase activities at the chorioid plexus in rat brain II. On the structural localization of ^|^beta;-glycerophosphatase at the alkali pH

Electron microscopic observations on phosphatase activities at the chorioid plexus in rat brain II. On the structural localization of ^|^beta;-glycerophosphatase at the alkali pH

Electron microscopic observations on phosphatase activities at the chorioid plexus in rat brain. I. On the structural localization of beta-glycerophosphatase at the acid pH.

Electron microscopic observations on phosphatase activities at the chorioid plexus in rat brain. I. On the structural localization of beta-glycerophosphatase at the acid pH.

A concentrative mechanism for sugars in the chorioid plexus

The chorioid plexus of the dog incubated in vitro with low concentration of C 14 labeled glucose or galactose concentrates the radioactivity more than 20 fold in the calculated intracellular water. About 2 3 of the radioactivity in the tissue can be recovered as unchanged sugar. Anoxia, dinitrophenol, phlorhizin, lack of sodium, and ouabain inhibit the sugar accumulation. Increasing the concentration of the aldoses in the medium also inhibits the concentrative uptake by the tissue.

122. A Case of huge Hydroencephalocele with Cavernous Hemangioma in the Cerebrum, Meninges and Chorioid Plexus

122. A Case of huge Hydroencephalocele with Cavernous Hemangioma in the Cerebrum, Meninges and Chorioid Plexus

Effect of hypothermia on certain aspects of the cerebrospinal fluid

Rabbits were cooled to 25 C and studied at this temperature. There was no change in the water-content or chloride space of the brain after maintaining them for 2 hours at this temperature. The concentration of chloride in the cerebrospinal fluid was unaltered. The rates of penetration into brain and cerebrospinal fluid of ethyl alcohol, ethyl thiourea, and Na 24 were compared at normal temperature and 25 C. The marked slowing was attributable primarily to the decreased rate of capillary circulation in the nervous tissue and in the chorioid plexuses; the slowing of circulation in the nervous tissue reduced passive diffusion from there to the cerebrospinal fluid, while the slowed circulation to the chorioid plexuses reduced rate of secretion on fluid.

Responses of chorioid plexus epithelium to hyaluronidase

Previous work has demonstrated that hyaluronidase injected into the cisterna magna will produce chorioid plexus epithelial damage in experimental animals. Two sets of experiments have been performed to further assess the effects of this enzyme on the chorioid plexus. A series of cats after injection of hyaluronidase 6000 TRU into the cisterna magna were subsequently sacrificed at varying intervals in order to observe the long term epithelial response to this enzyme. In a second procedure, explants of chorioid epithelium from adult cats were exposed to hyaluronidase in vitro. Chorioid epithelium in vivo could be found in CSF within 3 hours following treatment with the enzyme. Regeneration, became noticeable at about the third day. Cultured chorioid epithelium, in general, showed no change when exposed to hyaluronidase. Isolated cells demonstrated cytoplasmic swelling. No effect on explant viability was observed. It is concluded that the site of action of hyaluronidase is at the basement membrane.

Cultivation of visna virus in tissue culture

The virus of Visna, a slow, demyelinating leucoencephalitis of sheep, has been cultivated in tissue culture. The cells employed are derived from the chorioid plexus of sheep. The virus causes characteristic cytopathic changes in the culture, so that the method may be used to detect virus activity and measure the activity of virus containing material.

The demonstration of a blood-ocular barrier in the albino rat by means of the intravitam deposition of silver.

When silver nitrate is administered to rats in their drinking water for many months, they develop a generalized argyria. In the central nervous system, the deposition of silver follows the pattern of the so called hematoencephalic barrier (Wislocki and Leduc, (2); Dempsey and Wislocki, (3)). The present observations concern the deposition of silver in the rat's eye, investigated by both light microscopy and the electron microscope. In the eye, silver is not detected in the specific neural elements of the retina. Instead, it is heavily deposited in the basement membrane of the epithelium of the ciliary processes and in Bruch's basal membrane between the choriocapillary layer and the retinal epithelium. Traces of silver are visible in the basement membranes of the retinal capillaries with the electron microscope, but cannot be identified with the light microscope. In all of these respects, the pattern of the silver resembles the mode of its deposition in the brain. The heavy accumulation of metal in Bruch's membrane and the ciliary processes is analogous to that observed in the chorioid plexuses, and the traces encountered in the walls of the retinal capillaries correspond to traces observed in the basement membranes of the cerebral capillaries. Hence, with respect to silver, the eye possesses a blood-ocular barrier similar to the hematoencephalic barrier. Silver appears to be restrained from entering the aqueous humor by a barrier in the basement membrane of the ciliary processes, from reaching the photoreceptor elements of the retina by Bruch's basal membrane, and from penetrating the inner layers of the retina by a barrier in the basement membrane surrounding the retinal capillaries.

An electron microscopic study of the blood-brain barrier in the rat, employing silver nitrate as a vital stain.

The intravital deposition of silver in the chorioid plexuses, area postrema, intercolumnar tubercle, neurohypophysis, and pineal body of rats, given 1.5 gm. of silver nitrate per liter of drinking water for periods of up to one year, has been investigated by electron microscopy. Unlike other parts of the central nervous system, these regions store large amounts of silver. In all of these structures, silver is deposited in the form of dense granules in the basement membrane upon which the capillary endothelium rests, in and upon the connective tissue cells and fibers constituting a loose pericapillary sheath, and in an outer membrane separating this sheath from the parenchymatous cells. Parts of the central nervous system which do not store silver, for example the spinal cord, cerebellar cortex, cerebral cortex, and reticular formation, lack a connective tissue investment of the capillaries. In these locations, the glial processes or end-feet are closely applied to the walls of the capillaries. Only a narrow space, filled by an amorphous, moderately electron-dense substance, separates the plasma membranes of the endothelial cells and glial processes. The significance of these observations is discussed with respect to the questions of the Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces, the interstitial ground-substance of the brain, and the location of the hematoencephalic barrier.

Stereotaxic displacement of portions of the chorioid plexus in the rhesus monkey.

Journal Article Stereotaxic Displacement of Portions of the Chorioid Plexus in the Rhesus Monkey Get access Fred A. Mettler, M.D., Fred A. Mettler, M.D. New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Malcolm B. Carpenter, M.D., Malcolm B. Carpenter, M.D. New York, N. Y. †John and Mary R. Markle Scholar in Medical Science. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raul M. Carrea, M.D. Raul M. Carrea, M.D. Buenos Aires, Argentina ‡Now at Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 14, Issue 1, January 1955, Pages 92–94, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-195501000-00009 Published: 01 January 1955

The Brain Chorioid Plexus of Cyclostomes

The Brain Chorioid Plexus of Cyclostomes

The chorioid plexus of the lateral and third ventricles of tailed amphibia.

The chorioid plexus of the lateral and third ventricles of tailed amphibia.

Secretory activity of the chorioid plexus in tissue culture.

Secretory activity of the chorioid plexus in tissue culture.

The chorioid plexus of the fourth ventricle of salamanders.

The chorioid plexus of the fourth ventricle of salamanders.

The chemical cytology of the chorioid plexus and blood brain barrier of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

The chemical cytology of the chorioid plexus and blood brain barrier of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Simultaneous Distemper and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis in Dog Spleen and the Sparing Effect on Poliomyelitis

While continuing the study of canine distemper in monkeys, evidence accumulated which indicated that our virus-source material was a mixture. This has been verified by the recovery of the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis from 4 different samples of dog spleen containing the virus of canine distemper and by its presumptive demonstration in 7 other instances. The present report submits evidence that the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis occurs in the dog and to correct our earlier description of canine distemper in the monkey and the sparing effect of distemper on experimental poliomyelitis. Three bacteriologically sterile 20% suspensions of pooled dog spleens taken from separate harvests of canine-distemper virus of the same strain were inoculated intracerebrally in 0.03 cc amounts into groups of mice. A uniform clinical response resembling Traub's description of lymphocytic choriomeningitis followed. Part of one suspension was inoculated subcutaneously into 2 puppies. Fifteen days later these were moribund with canine distemper and were sacrificed. Six mice inoculated with splenic emulsion of one of these puppies also sickened and died. Fourteen of 18 examined mice had lymphocytic chorioiditis. At the same time a considerable number of mice from the same colony were inoculated intracerebrally with dog-spleen suspensions secured from other sources and containing canine-distemper virus, with various other suspected materials and with sterile broth. All remained well. The data of representative groups have been incorporated in Table I as evidence both of the freedom of our stock animals from spontaneous lymphocytic choriomeningitis as well as the presence of a virus, capable of producing the clinical response of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, in the original materials. Three guinea pigs were inoculated subcutaneously (0.5 cc) with one of the pooled dog-spleen suspensions and developed the symptoms of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, emaciation, dyspnea, and conjunctivitis. All 3 died. Two of these were demonstrated to have the lesions of lymphocytic chorioiditis (heavy round-cell infiltrate of the chorioid plexus and liver).

Innervation of the chorioid plexuses and the blood vessels within the central nervous system

Innervation of the chorioid plexuses and the blood vessels within the central nervous system

Extension of the chorioid plexus into the olfactory ventricles

Extension of the chorioid plexus into the olfactory ventricles