Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a promising additive manufacturing technique for the efficient fabrication of SiC composites with complex structures. In this work, a novel strategy for fabricating SiC composites via SLS of carbon fiber combined with liquid silicon infiltration is reported. The SLS-powder composed of chopped carbon fiber (Cf) and phenolic resin (PR) mixed powder, a Cf/PR green body with a tailored microstructure was obtained by SLS. The printed green body had a low PR content (25 vol%), high printing stability, and excellent strength. Finally, high-performance SiC composites are prepared via the liquid silicon infiltration, with optimized density, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness values of 2.719 ± 0.008 g/cm3, 266 ± 5 MPa, 248 ± 3 GPa, and 2.87 ± 0.07 MPa m1/2, respectively. This strategy demonstrates an efficient approach to produce near-net-shape high-performance SiC composites with a designable complex structure.