Meat Cholesterol Research Articles

The effect of Kelor (Moringa oleifera) seed meal on productive performance, carcass traits, and meat cholesterol of broiler chickens

Kelor seed meal has been believed to be rich in protein and available in many tropical countries. A study was conducted to determine the effect of kelor seed meal on productive performance, carcass traits, and meat cholesterol of broiler chickens. The study used a total of 100 day—old-unsexed Cobb broiler chicks. The birds were distributed into 5 brooders for one week. On day 3, the chicks were vaccinated against New Castle diseases. On days 7, the chicks were transferred into 20 pens. The birds were fed 5 experimental diets throughout the study according to a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% kelor seed meal, respectively. The diets and water were supplied ad-libitum. Parameters measured were feed intake, body weight gain, FCR, meat cholesterol, carcass and non-carcass percentage. The data found in this study were subject to the analysis of variance. The differences detected in the analysis of variance were further tested with the Tukey test. The results of the study showed that supplementation of the diets with kelor seed meal did not affect (P>0.05) feed intake, percentages of the carcass, meat, and bone. Bodyweight gain, FCR, meat, and abdominal fat and meat cholesterol were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. In conclusion, the addition of 2% to 8% kelor seed meal in the diet increased body weight gain with the highest body weight gain of birds fed the 6% and 8% kelor seed meal. Percentages of fat and cholesterol were lower in birds fed the diets containing kelor seed meal.

Effects of gambir (Uncaria gambir) leaf extract as a feed additive on meat quality and cholesterol content in goats

The demand for high quality and healthy meat has been continuously increasing both in national and international markets. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gambir (Uncaria gambir) leaf extract as a feed additive on cholesterol content and consumer preference of goat meat. Eighteen Boerka goats aged 10-11 months with an average initial body weight of 20.5±2.79 kg were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments, namely: GE0 (fed basal diet without gambir extract supplementation, GE100 (gambir extract supplementation at levels of 100 mg/kg body weight, and GE200 (gambir extract supplementation at levels of 200 mg/kg body weight. Meat cholesterol content was measured using the Liebermann Buchard method. The meat quality preference was measured using the hedonic scale of the organoleptic method from 16 panelists. Results showed that addition of gambir leaf at 200 mg/kg BW resulted meat cholesterol content of 14.9%, numerically lower than that of control. The meat color, flavour, juiciness and taste were similar among the dietary treatments. The meat was classified as mild juicy meat with a bright red color and well accepted flavour and taste. Based on the hedonic scale, the tenderness level of goat meat fed with 200 mg/kg BW of gambir leaf extract increased from mild tender (in the control treatment) to tender. In conclusion, gambir leaf extract has the potential to reduce cholesterol content and increase meat tenderness without having a negative effect on consumers preference regarding the color, flavour, juiciness and taste of the goat meat.

Lipid Profile of Pig Tissues Contrasting in Meat Production

Background: Studies were carried out on two breeds of pigs - Pietrain (P), and Kemerovo (K), contrasting in composition of carcasses, and their hybrids. Objective: The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of the composition of lipids of intramuscular fat (IMF), back fat and serum, organoleptic qualities in animals of these breeds. Methods: Animals of 10 individuals in each group were fed on a standard feed and slaughtered with a live weight of 95-100 kg. The quality of carcasses, the biochemical characteristics of blood, the composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in meat and fat, and blood lipid peroxidation were determined. Results: Thickness on the Back Fat (BF) at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae with a live weight of 100 kg was 35.8 ± 1.65 mm in pigs of breed K, in hybrids - 27.6 ± 1.06, and in breed P - 19, 6 ± 1.43 mm. IMF in pigs of breed K was almost 4.5 times greater than that of breed P. IMF K breed contained 2 times less cholesterol than in P (2.34 vs. 4.68%). In the IMF, K was 2 times less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), than P, 7.82 and 15.22%, linoleic acid, 6.74% and 12.42%, respectively (p &lt;0.005). The organoleptic properties of meat and salted back fat were significantly higher in breed K (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained allow us to establish priorities in the use of products of specific breeds of pigs, depending on medical requirements.

Influence of liquid probiotic inclusion as feed additives on lipid profiles and meat cholesterol content of commercial broiler chickens

Due to consumer’s concern for food safety and the pathogenic bacterial resistance of antibiotics in humans, the usage of antibiotics as animal feed has been banned. The aims of this study was to investigate inclusion of liquid probiotic in drinking water on lipid profiles and meat cholesterol content of commercial chickens. Totally 100 chickens at the age of 28 d from growth study were selected for 20 chickens (5 birds per treatment) for further lipid profiles and meat cholesterol content study. Four treatment in this study was inclusion of liquid probiotics in the drinking water with different concentration (P1=control, P2= 1.0 %, P3= 1.5 % and P4= 2.0 % of probiotic in drinking water). The result of the study indicated that inclusion of liquid probiotic up to 2% did not significantly reduce the weight and percentage of abdominal fat and cholesterol in the breast meat broiler. However, inclusion of probiotics at the level of 1.5% was the best level indicated low cholesterol concentration and high value of iodine concentration in meat broilers. Based on the study, it was concluded that probiotics can be used as alternative feed additive to replace antibiotics as growth promoters up to 1.5% at the best.

Effects of additives in wet brewery residue silage on lamb carcass traits and meat quality

The objective was to evaluate the use of wet brewery residue (WBR) silage additives on carcass characteristics and sheep meat quality. Thirty-two Santa Inês male sheep uncastrated with initial body weight of 22.61 ± 7.2kg were allocated to a completely randomized design with four treatments: (1) WBR silage without additive (WBRS), (2) WBR silage with milled corn (WBRS + MC), (3) WBR silage with wheat bran (WBRS + WB), and (4) WBR silage with cassava flour (WBRS + CF) and eight replicates. WBRS + WB resulted in lower cold carcass weight than WBRS + CF; however, this reduction was not sufficient to alter the carcass commercial yield or loin-eye area. The leg cut of animals fed WBRS + WB showed less value than those animals fed with WBRS + CS. The meat lightness of WBRS was higher that of WBRS + MC, WBRS + WB, and WBRS + CF. The cooking loss for WBRS + WB was less than those animals fed with WBRS + CS. However, meat protein, meat cholesterol, and shear force were similar among treatments (17.69%, 42.46mg/100g of meat, and 2.48kgf/cm2, respectively). The use of additives in wet brewery residue silage does not improve carcass characteristics or the quality of sheep meat, and it is therefore recommended to use WBR silage without additives.

Onionskin waste versus synthetic additives in broiler diet: influence on production indices, oxidative status, caecal bacteria, immune indices, blood chemistry and meat quality

This study evaluated the influence of dietary supplementation of onionskin waste (OW) and synthetic additives on growth, oxidative status, blood chemistry, caecal bacteria, carcase, immune indices and meat quality in broilers. One day old Ross 308 chicks (n = 280) were randomly allotted to basal diets containing either no additive, B-1; 0.5 g/kg oxytetracyline + 0.13 g/kg tert-butylhydroxyanisole, B-2; 10 g/kg OW, B-3; or 20 g/kg OW, B-4 for 42 days. Supplemented birds had higher (p < .05) body weight gain (BWG) and carcase weight compared to the B-1 birds. Diets had no effect (p > .05) on feed intake and feed efficiency, hematological indices, organ weight and serum immunoglobulin M. Onionskin supplementation repressed (p < .05) abdominal fat, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, muscle cholesterol and splenic interleukin-1β. The additives up-regulated (p < .05) splenic intelukin-10 and down-regulated tumour necrosis factor-α, and serum immunoglobulin A. Caecal Lactobacillus spp. was higher (p < .05) in B-1 and B-3 birds compared with the B-2 and B-4 birds. Supplemented birds had lower (p < .05) caecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. counts than the B-1 birds. Antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity of breast muscle, liver and serum were higher (p < .05) in the supplemented birds compared with the B-1 birds. On day 1 post-mortem, breast meat malondialdehyde and carbonyl contents were lower (p < .05) in the supplemented birds compared with the B-1 birds. Dietary supplementation with 20 g/kg OW improved BWG and tissue antioxidant status, beneficially altered immune status, and caecal bacteria counts, and reduced abdominal fat, tissue cholesterol, and meat oxidative deterioration in broiler chickens. HIGHLIGHTS Onionskin supplementation improved body and carcase weights and lowered serum and meat cholesterol in broilers. Onionskin enhanced tissue antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative deterioration in broilers. Onionskin supplementation altered caecal bacteria and immune status in broilers.

Performance, carcass traits, physicochemical properties and fatty acids composition of lamb's meat fed diets with marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.)

Marine microalgae of the genus Schizochytrium can be used in the diet of sheep a source of protein and energy and changing meat composition essentially due to its high content in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The objective was to evaluate the best inclusion level of marine microalgae meal in the lamb diet on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality. A total of thirty-two uncastrated Ile de France lambs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 20 ± 0.2 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with eight replicates and four treatments [marine microalgae meal inclusion at 0 (control), 2; 4 and 6% in dry matte (DM)]. Marine microalgae meal inclusion in the diets of lambs reduced (P ≤0.05) DM intake, average daily gain, ruminal papilla height and width, meat cholesterol, C18:0, C18:1n–9, C18:2n–6, ΣMUFA:ΣSFA ratio, Σn–6 and Δ9–desaturase-C16 activity of longissimus muscle. However, the marine microalgae meal increased (P ≤0.05) the feeding conversion, liver weight, meat lipid oxidation, C16:0, C17:0, C18:1n–7, 18:2 c9-t11 (CLA), C20:5n–3 (EPA) and C20:6n–3 (DHA), ΣPUFA, Σn–3, atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) index, ΣHypercholesterolemic (H) FA and ΣPUFA:ΣSFA ratio. The carcass weight and yield, most of the variables of physicochemical composition and other FAs were not affected (P >0.05) by marine microalgae meal inclusion in the diet. The marine microalgae meal inclusion up to 6% level in Ille de France lambs’ diet was not efficient because it reduced the DMI, performance and feeding efficiency of the animals and it worsen lipid oxidation and healthy meat compounds AI, TI and h:H indexes. However, regarding meat fat quality, the microalgae inclusion confirmed the hypothesis of improving EPA, DHA, Σn–3 and CLA concentrations and reducing meat total cholesterol.

Economical Performances and Cholesterol Profiles due to the Incorporation of Salvinia molesta in the Diets of Kampong Chicken

This study aimed to perform an assessment of economic performance and meat cholesterol profiles of Kampong chickens fed diets with the increasing levels of Salvinia molesta. One hundred male Kampong chickens were divided into 4 treatments containing 0% (T0), 6% (T1), 12% (T2), and 18% (T3) of S. molesta leaf (SML) in the diet. Then, an economic analysis was performed by calculating revenue, feed cost, and income over feed cost (IOFC). Investment analysis was computed when the farmers raised 1000 heads of Kampong Chicken utilized SML in the feed. NPV, PP, and B/C ratio were calculated for each treatment. The performance of the Kampong chickens fed the diet with SML content of 18% gave the best feed consumption, the final weight, and FCR. Kampong chickens fed diet with SML content of 18% gave the best IOFC. In the investment analysis, the Kampong chicken fed diet contained 18% SML gave the best NPV, PP, and B/C ratio. Regression analysis was conducted on the level of SML in the diet of kampong chicken on some parameters. Kampong chicken fed diet contained SML had significantly higher HDL and lower LDL concentrations. The optimum inclusion level of SML leading to a reduced feed cost and increased IOFC, as well as feasibility, was 18%. Based on the study, utilization of SML up to 18% in the diet of kampong chicken technically and economically gave the best performances.

Effect of Cold Plasma on Meat Cholesterol and Lipid Oxidation.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel non-thermal technology with potential applications in inactivating microorganisms in food products. However, its impact on food quality is not yet fully understood. The aim of this research is to study the impact of in-package plasma technology on the stability of cholesterol and total lipid in four different types of meat (beef, pork, lamb and chicken breast). Additionally, any changes in the primary or secondary lipid oxidation, which is undesirable from a health perspective, is investigated. CAP was not found to have any impact on the cholesterol or lipid content. However, higher peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were found for the treated samples, indicating that plasma can induce the acceleration of primary and secondary lipid oxidation. Finally, color was not affected by the treatment supporting the suitability of the technology for meat products.

Meat quality and Raman spectroscopic characterization of Korat hybrid chicken obtained from various rearing periods

Meat quality attributes vary with chicken age. Understanding the relationship between poultry age and the quality of the meat would be beneficial for efficient poultry farming to meet market needs. The Korat hybrid chicken (KC) is a new crossbred chicken whose meat quality is distinct from that of commercial broiler (CB) chickens and has not been well characterized. In this study, we characterized the physico-chemical properties of KC meat and correlate the findings with Raman spectral data. The protein content of KC breast and thigh meat increased with age. The pH of thigh meat decreased, while the water-holding capacity of breast meat increased as the age of the chickens increased. The amount of cholesterol in breast meat decreased as the rearing period was extended. Inosine 5′-monophosphate and guanosine 5′-monophosphate of breast meat decreased as KC grew older. The shear force values of meat from older birds increased concomitantly with an increase in total collagen. Principle component analysis revealed that the meat quality of CB was greatly different from that of KC meat. High shear force values of KC meat at 20 wk of age were well correlated with an increase in the β-sheet structure (amide I) and amide III of collagen. Raman spectra at 3,207 cm−1 and relative α-helical content were negatively correlated with shear force values of KC breast meat. These could be used as markers to evaluate KC meat quality.

The effects of Myristica fragrans seed meal and Syzygium aromaticum leaf meal dietary supplementation on growth performance and oxidative status of broiler chicken

BackgroundThe study examined the effects of Myristica fragrans seed meal (MSM) and Syzygium aromaticum leaf meal (SLM) dietary supplementation on the growth performance, health status, and meat quality of broiler chicken.MethodsA total of two hundred and forty 1-day-old broiler chickens were assigned the four dietary treatments: Diet 1/control (no supplementation), Diet 2 (0.25% MSM), Diet 3 (0.25% SLM), and Diet 4 (0.25% MSCM, i.e., MSM + SLM 1:1). The birds were fed ad libitum throughout the feeding trial.ResultsThe dietary supplementation of 0.25% MSCM resulted in higher body weight gain and lowered feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) at the finisher stage and overall period, while feed intake was not statistically affected (p > 0.05) across the treatments. The dietary inclusion of MSM, SLM, and MSCM did not significantly influence carcass traits, relative internal organ weights, and haematological indices of the broiler chicken (p > 0.05) except mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin content (p < 0.05). The result further revealed that broilers fed diets supplemented with MSM, SLM, and MSCM had higher (p < 0.05) serum catalase, glutathione peroxidase and lowered serum cholesterol compared with control. The meat cholesterol levels and lipid peroxidation of the birds were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, while glutathione peroxidase was increased by dietary MSM, and MSCM supplementation.ConclusionThe MSCM supplementation at 0.25% enhanced the body weight gain, improved serum, and meat glutathione peroxidase and catalase but reduced the broiler’s meat cholesterol level and lipid oxidation.

Pemberian Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes ), Indigofera sp dan Kangkung (Ipomea sp) sebagai Hijauan pada Ransum Kalkun Berbasis Dedak Padi dan Ransum Komersial terhadap Performa dan Kadar Kolesterol Daging

The aim of this research was to measure the effect of diet contained water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Indigofera (Indigofera sp.), and water spinach (Ipomoea spp.) on the performance and cholesterol of turkey meat. A total of twelve male turkeys 40 weeks old with average body weight of 4798±551.78 g were reared for six weeks. This research used a Completely Randomized Design. The dietary diet treatments were consisted of 38% rice bran, 35% commercial diet, and 27% forages which consisted of E. crassipes (R1), Indigofera sp. (R2), and Ipomea spp. (R3). The variables measured were performance (feed consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, percentage of abdominal fat, carcass percentage and breast meat cholesterol levels. The results showed that E.crassipes, Indigofera sp., and Ipomea spp. in turkeys’diet did not affect on feed consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, and percentage of abdominal fat. Cholesterol levels of turkey breast meat in the Indigofera dietary treatment was produced the lowest relative cholesterol levels followed by Ipomoea sp and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipe) dietary treatments. The average cholesterol level of turkey breast meat ranges from 23- 47 mg 100 g-1. It was concluded that E.crassipes, Indigofera sp., and Ipomea spp. can be used as an alternative ingredient for adult turkey diet.

Freeze-Dried Cattle Meat Improves the Measurement of Total Cholesterol

The objective of this study was to propose an adaptation to the measurement methodology using enzymatic kits with raw meat and compare the efficiency in the quantification of total cholesterol in raw and freeze-dried meat, in order to optimize the execution of the analysis and the estimation of the results obtained. We used the longissimus thoracis and semitendinosus Nellore muscles which were acquired in a commercial slaughterhouse. They were ground with a food processor and separated; one of these parts was freeze-dried and the other was kept raw. The methodology purposed in our research (using freeze-dried meat), obtained better measures for cholesterol levels in both muscles. The total cholesterol measures for longissimus thoracis and semitendinosus with freeze-dried meat were 12% and 13% higher comparing to raw meat, respectively. The utilization of freeze-dried meat was more effective on the extraction and measurement of total cholesterol in both muscles.

Performance, carcasses, cholesterol and beta-carotene of rabbit meat fed with concentrate and carrot (Daucus carota) leaves

This study aims to observe the effect of concentrated levels in carrot leaf based feeds to improve performance, carcass and β-carotene content in local rabbit meat at 8 weeks. This study used a feed experiment using 120 local 8-week-old male rabbits divided four group treatments and 6 replications. The four group treatments were rabbits fed on carrot leaf based rations with supplementation: 0% concentrate as a control (A), 10% (B); 20% (C); and 30% (D), respectively. Each treatment consisted of six replication cages with five rabbits per cage. The results showed that feed consumption, final body weight, weight gain, carcass weight, and percentage of carcasses in Groups B, C and D, were significantly (P<0.05) higher than Group A. The lowest cholesterol content was found in rabbits group A (P<0.05). In contrast, the highest beta-carotene levels of meat (P<0.05) were found in group A. It was concluded that supplementation of 10-20% concentrate in carrot leaf based rations could increase live weight gains, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and feed efficiency in local rabbits up to 8 weeks old. The highest content of β-carotene in rabbit meat was found in feeding 100% of carrot leaves.

Performance, carcasses, cholesterol and beta-carotene of rabbit meat fed with concentrate and carrot (Daucus carota) leaves

Performance, carcasses, cholesterol and beta-carotene of rabbit meat fed with concentrate and carrot (Daucus carota) leaves

Impact of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seeds in fattener diets on pig performance and carcass traits and fatty acid profile and cholesterol of meat, backfat and liver

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of milk thistle seed supplementation in pig fattener diets on productive traits, slaughter carcass traits, and meat quality as well as meat, backfat and liver fatty acid composition. The experiment was carried out using 60 barrows, with an initial body weight of 25.0 ± 0.5 kg. The experiment lasted for 100 days. The animals were divided into 3 groups, with 20 pigs in each. The diet of the control group (group I) did not have thistle supplementation, while the remaining groups received 3% (group II) or 6% (group III) thistle in the mixture. Analysis showed that the milk thistle seeds contained relatively high contents of protein, fat, lysine, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and active flavonolignans – specifically silybin A and B (26.4 g), isosilybin (5.3 g), silychristin (10.6 g) and a low amount of silydianin (0.1 g). The 3% milk thistle seed addition improved the average daily weight gains by about 2% and 6% addition improved the gains by 3.8% during the grower period. There was no significant effect of milk thistle seeds on carcass meat content but the backfat layer was thinner. The meat of pigs which received milk thistle was more saturated in red (significantly higher a* values) and less saturated in yellow (significantly lower b* values) for both fresh and cooked samples and its texture, water-holding capacity and oxidative capacity were all improved (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) index lower by more than 30%). The addition of milk thistle seeds decreased the cholesterol content in lumborum muscle, backfat and liver, and these tissues were also characterised by higher polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) content and lower PUFA n-6 : n-3 ratio. Milk thistle seeds increased the hypocholesterolemic : hypercholesterolemic (h : H) index in all tissues and reduced the thrombogenic (TI) and atherogenic (AI) indices. Summing up the results, milk thistle seeds at supplementation levels of 3 and 6% are indicated to be a useful feed admixture for fattened pigs to improve meat quality and oxidative stability. The higher dose of milk thistle seeds (6%) appeared to be more effective in improving weight gains, feed utilisation, PUFA content in tissues, and water-holding and antioxidant capacities.

Meta-Analisis: Pengaruh Substitusi Jagung dengan Bahan Pakal Lokal Terhadap Kualitas Karkas Daging Broiler

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution of corn with local ingredients on the quality of broiler meat using meta-analysis technique. This study used meta-analysis technique to integrate 55 data from 9 journals that contain information about replacing corn with local feedstuffs. The meta-analysis technique begins with collecting data from several scientific publications that contain tannin and saponin levels. Furthermore, the data was tabulated in the form of database with the help of microsoft excel, in this tabulation process the units of each data are equalized, after that the data was tabulated and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis version 3. The effect of corn replacement on the quality of broiler meat was not significant, this can be seen on the content of the percentage of carcasses, carcass weights, and cholesterol of meat was not different. The results show that the distance between the given model and the actual model indicates that there was decrease in the amount of cholesterol in meat with the replacement of corn in feed ingredients (0.05&lt;P&lt;0.1). The conclusion from the results of this meta-analysis was that the replacement of corn does not improve the quality of the broiler carcass.

Assessment of Stocking Rate and Housing System on Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Indices, and Meat Quality of French Pekin Ducks

Commercial practice in poultry production management has been susceptible to increased problems, driven by concerns about safety of food and animal welfare. Thus, the main proposal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different stocking densities on performance, blood, and carcass traits of Pekin ducklings reared on two different floor types (wood shaving litter, WSL or plastic slatted floor, PLS). A total of 450 one-day-old ducklings were randomly allocated into six equal experimental groups stocking density (nine, 15 and 21 birds/m2 during the first 14 d and three, five and seven birds/m2 until 49 days) reared on two floor types (WSL and PLS), five replicate pens each. Increased stocking density reduced body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) values and increased feed intake (FI) in both floor types at 14 days old. At 49 days old, reared ducklings on PLS type verified higher BW and WG and reduced FCR values. Moreover, increasing stocking density in both floor types significantly reduced the breast, thigh, and left fillet percentages. Conversely, reared birds floored on PLS system decreased the triglycerides (TG) and increased the total cholesterol (TC) serum content. Furthermore, the meat contents of TG and TC were decreased in birds reared on higher stocking density but not affected by floor type. Further, serum antioxidant indices were reduced in PLS birds on low stocking densities. In conclusion, housing Pekin ducklings on PLS improved their growth performance, carcass traits, meat cholesterol, and antioxidant status, particularly at stocking density of three and five birds/m2.

A comparative study on the antioxidant status, meat quality, and mineral deposition in broiler chicken fed dietary nano zinc viz-a-viz inorganic zinc.

Use of nano minerals in farm animal nutrition offers considerable advantages over inorganic or organic mineral sources. But, the conventional chemical synthesis of nano minerals suffers from disadvantage of possible environmental accumulation and pollution due to the non-biodegradable materials and chemicals. This study investigated the effects of green nano-zinc (GNZ) and market nano-zinc (MNZ) with respect to the inorganic zinc (IZ) on meat quality, antioxidant status, mineral deposition, and bone development in broiler chicken. Following a 3×3 factorial design, nine dietary treatments were formulated by employing three levels (40, 60, and 80ppm) and three sources (inorganic, green nano, and market nano) of zinc viz. IZ-40, GNZ-40, MNZ-40, IZ-60, GNZ-60, MNZ-60, IZ-80, GNZ-80, MNZ-80. Six replicates of broiler chicken were assigned to each treatment with eight birds in each. The birds fed 80ppm Zinc of either GNZ or MNZ source resulted in significantly higher serum SOD, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, zinc, calcium, and phosphorus levels; increased bone dimensions, weight, total ash, phosphorus, and zinc content along with higher liver and muscle zinc concentration. The meat of chicken fed 80ppm zinc of MNZ source followed by GNZ source has shown significantly better antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS values) status and lower lipid peroxidation (free fatty acid and TBARS values). The 80ppm zinc of either MNZ or GNZ source resulted in significantly lower fat and cholesterol content of chicken meat compared to lower Zn levels and IZ source. This study indicated that 80ppm dietary zinc of either MNZ or GNZ source improved the antioxidant status, and reduced the meat cholesterol, fat content, and lipid peroxidation of chicken meat along with increased bone dimensions and mineralization.

The effect of feed restriction on the fat profile of Santa Inês lamb meat

Consumers today are increasingly more demanding regarding their food, seeking healthier and better quality products, and in this context animal nutrition plays a key role. The meat composition can be altered by animal feed itself, being that lipid profile may directly contribute to consumer health, reducing the predisposition of developing cardiovascular diseases, main cause of mortality in the world. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary feed restriction in Santa Inês lambs on their intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous fat profile, fat profile of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle, and the total meat lipids and cholesterol. Three groups of lambs were subjected to diets: without restriction (WR), and 30 and 60% feed restriction. Overall, stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the predominant and the lowest lipid and cholesterol levels were observed at the highest restriction level, presenting higher polyunsaturated:saturated (PUFA:SFA) and desirable (DFA) fatty acid ratios (p &lt; 0.05). Lambs subjected to 60% dietary feed restriction had a better quality meat with lower lipid and cholesterol contents, and profile favorable for human health due the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, that is important parameter the market demands to meet the consumers’ expectations.