Choice For Management Research Articles

Determinants and willingness to practice obstetric analgesia among women attending antenatal clinic at Dr. Bogalech Gebre Memorial General Hospital Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundLabor pain is uniquely experienced and described by the woman giving birth, and it is often considered one of the most excruciating experiences for many women. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with the willingness to receive labor analgesia among women attending the antenatal clinic at Dr. Bogalech Gebre Memorial General Hospital Central Ethiopia in 2022.MethodsAn institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires by a convenience sampling technique. Data was entered in EpiData 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Both Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to determine factors associated with pregnant women’s willingness to choose labor analgesia. Crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were computed to assess the association between variables.ResultsA total of 398 pregnant women have participated in the study with a response rate of 94%. Nearly 30%, (29.4%) of the pregnant women had a willingness to practice labor pain management. Being a housewife (AOR: 8.35, 95% CI: 2.07, 33.63). Women who live in urban (AOR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.29, 5.29). Having had awareness about labor analgesia (AOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.60) and the short duration of labor time (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.96) were statistically significant with a willingness to practice labor analgesia.ConclusionWe conclude that the willingness of pregnant mothers’ toward obstetric analgesia practice was low in the study area. Being a housewife, urban residence, awareness about labor analgesia, and short duration of labor were statistically significant with the willingness of the mothers to practice labor analgesia. To increase willingness to use labor analgesia, authorities should prioritize delivering health education on pain management choices to address concerns and promote effective methods and practices.

Stakeholder involvement and preferences in landscape protection decision-making: a systematic literature review

Stakeholder involvement and preferences are pivotal in the decision-making process for landscape protection within a specific context. However, many decisions regarding landscape protection options still rely on management choices with little or no consideration of all stakeholders. Previous scholars emphasized the importance of establishing an integrated framework to gain an adequate understanding of the process of stakeholders’ decision-making in landscape protection. Therefore, a systematic literature review was conducted on the topic of stakeholders’ involvement and preferences in landscape protection decision-making. This review included research articles published from 2013 to 2023 using two databases and registers, namely, Science Direct and Google Scholar. A total of 110 research articles were identified and qualified for review based on the screening requirements, with an additional 15 documents for theories and backgrounds to provide a better understanding and outcomes for the study. The results of this study were organized based on concepts from the resulting research articles and were integrated to propose a conceptual framework for Stakeholders’ involvement and preferences in landscape protection. Additionally, this study’s findings indicate the significance of incorporating diverse stakeholders and their preferences in landscape protection processes to ensure awareness of inclusivity in decision-making and secure long-term support.

Assessing Practice Variation of Anesthetic Management for Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Multicenter Survey.

This study explored the current global landscape of periprocedural care of acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). An anonymous, 54-question electronic survey was sent to 354 recipients in hospitals worldwide. The responses were stratified by World Bank country income level into high-income (HICs) and low/middle-income (LMICs) countries. A total of 354 survey invitations were issued. Two hundred twenty-three respondents started the survey, and 87 fully completed surveys were obtained from centers in which anesthesiologists were routinely involved in EVT care (38 in HICs; 49 in LMICs). Respondents from 35 (92.1%) HICs and 14 (28.6%) LMICs reported that their centers performed >50 EVTs annually. Respondents from both HICs and LMICs reported low rates of anesthesiologist involvement in pre-EVT care, though a communication system was in place in 100% of HIC centers and 85.7% of LMIC centers to inform anesthesiologists about potential EVTs. Respondents from 71.1% of HIC centers and 51% of LMIC centers reported following a published guideline during EVT management, though the use of cognitive aids was low in both (28.9% and 24.5% in HICs and LMICs, respectively). Variability in multiple areas of practice, including choice of anesthetic techniques, monitoring and management of physiological variables during EVT, and monitoring during intrahospital transport, were reported. Quality metrics were rarely tracked or reported to the anesthesiology teams. This study demonstrated variability in anesthesiology involvement and in clinical care during and after EVT. Centers may consider routinely involving anesthesiologists in pre-EVT care, using evidence-based recommendations for EVT management, and tracking adherence to published guidelines and other quality metrics.

Indications and added value of videourodynamics in men with spinal cord injury.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the indications and additional information provided by videourodynamic study (VUDS) over urodynamic studies (UDS) in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). The secondary aim was to determine the added value of VUDS and its impact on bladder management. Single-centre retrospective study of all men with SCI who underwent VUDS between 2011 and 2021. Participant characteristics, clinical data and indications for UDS and VUDS as well as bladder management were recorded. The added value of VUDS was defined as additional information not provided by standard UDS that impacted on bladder management (choice of voiding mode, surgical indication or type of surgery). Eighty-eight men with a median age of 52 years were included. In 20 men who were unable to perform self-catheterisation, the VUDS clarified the nature and extent of the obstruction and enabled targeted surgery to achieve reflex bladder emptying in all of them. VUDS also clarified the type and level of obstruction in 28 patients, enabling targeted surgery in 24. In 11 men, VUDS was performed as part of the preoperative assessment for a Brindley procedure or after this operation if a complication occurred during follow-up to confirm the need for further surgery or to target surgical revision. Overall, VUDS had added value in 59 patients (67%). VUDS had added value over UDS in specific situations; the additional information provided impacted on bladder management in men with SCI and NLUTD.

Primary urethral carcinoma in female: An extremely rare case series at a single tertiary referral hospital and literature review

Introduction and importancePrimary urethral carcinoma (PUC) is exceedingly uncommon and accounts for 0.02 % of all female cancers and <1 % of female genitourinary tract malignancy. PUC in female usually presents late with a higher disease stage and, hence, has higher cancer-specific mortality. Due to its rarity, the current recommendation for the management of PUC is still unclear. Case presentationThis study reports two rare cases of 59-year-old and 65-year-old women with PUC, presenting with chief complaint of hematuria. Urethrocystoscopy and biopsy were performed. Pathology results revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma (AC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urethra, respectively. Radiological imaging was conducted for staging. Both were diagnosed with cT4N2M0. The first patient underwent anterior pelvic exenteration with bilateral ureterocutaneoustomy (UCS), while the second patient received cisplatin-based chemotherapy before the surgery. Radiological follow-up was planned 3 months after the surgery. Clinical discussionBoth mucinous AC and UC are considered incredibly unusual subtypes, with no defined treatment guidelines. Anterior exenteration with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be opted for advanced PUC affecting the proximal urethra and adjacent organs. Following the previous studies, in this case series, both patients (locally advanced) underwent anterior exenteration. Additionally, the UC subtype received multimodal treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy which was shown to improve overall survival. ConclusionIn conclusion, PUC is extremely rare, and the choice of management remained various. Long-term follow-up for these patients is mandatory to improve understanding of this incredibly uncommon disease.

Clinical efficacy of different therapeutic strategies in patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

The therapeutic strategy for patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus includes surgical repair, endoscopic therapy, supportive care, and others. However, no evidence exists to direct clinical decision-making regarding the choice of operative and nonoperative management. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of different therapeutic strategies in both general and stratified patients. This study retrospectively analyzed a consecutive cohort of 101 patients at nine tertiary referral hospital centers in China. Patients were divided into operative and nonoperative groups based on the initial treatment. Short-term outcomes, including 90-day mortality, length of hospital stay, and postoperative leakage were compared. Subgroup analysis was performed based on treatment timing and Pittsburgh perforation severity score (PSS). Of 101 patients, 60 (58.4%) underwent operative management. A significant difference of 90-day mortality between operative and nonoperative groups was observed (15.0% vs. 34.1%, P=0.031). Operative management tend to yield similar therapeutic benefits in timely (OR, 0.250; 95% CI, 0.05-1.14, P=0.073) and delayed (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.12-1.47, P=0.175) treatment groups. Based on PSS stratification, operative management significantly decreased the risk of 90-day mortality (OR, 0.211; 95% CI, 0.064-0.701; P=0.011) for patients in low- and moderate-risk groups but may be detrimental for patients in high-risk group (OR, 1.333; 95% CI, 0.233-7.626; P=0.746). Operative management might be superior to nonoperative management for low- and moderate-risk patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. However, for patients at high risks, operative management might not provide additional benefits compared with nonoperative management. Further research involving larger sample sizes is required for accurate patient stratification and conclusive evidence-based guideline.

Comparison Between the Efficacy &amp; the Safety of Single Use Flexible Ureteroscopy Lithotripsy and Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Mini PCNL) for the Management of Renal and Proximal Ureteral Calculi of ≤ 2CM

Abstract Background Urolithiasis has become a common medical problem with about 2- 3% prevalence rate and still increasing in the general population. Renal calculi represent about 80- 90% of all urinary calculi with high recurrence rate. Single Use Flexible Ureteroscopy Lithotripsy and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Lithotripsy are recommended in the 2013 European Association of Urology guidelines as the first line in management of lower pole calculi when renal anatomy is unfavorable for Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy. Furthermore, Single Use Flexible Ureteroscopy Lithotripsy is extremely effective for management of calculi of ≤ 2 cm in diameter and complex renal calculi. Aim of the Work The aim of our study is to compare the outcome of using Single Use Flexible URS versus Mini-PCNL with ≤22 Fr tract accessin management of pelvic, lower calyceal and proximal ureteral calculi ≤ 2cm. It was conducted on 40 patients that were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A were treated with Mini-PCNL (20cases), whereas group B were treated with Single Use Flexible URS (20 cases). Patients and Methods A clinical trial, it was carried out at Ain Shams University, Urology department from October 2020 to October 2021 and done over 40 patients complaining of single pelvic, lower calyceal or upper ureteric stone ≤ 2 cm. The patients underwent either Mini-PCNL or Single Use Flexible URS randomly according to simple randomization using Gpowa computer program with ratio 1:1. Results Our study showed that Single Use Flexible URS achieves a comparable stone free rates to Mini- PCNL as there is no statistically significant difference between group A and group B in the stone free rate.Flexible URS reduces the risks associated with Mini-PCNL.Blood loss is highly significant in Mini-PCNL group more than in Single Use Flexible URS group.The incidence of post-operative fever and infection is non- significant between 2 groups. It is (15%)3 cases from 20 cases in group A although, (5%)1case from 20 cases in group B. There is highly significant difference between group A and group B in both operation time and hospital stay. This means that the patients take more intra operative time in Flexible URS group than in Mini-PCNL group,but more hospitalization in Mini- PCNL group than Single Use Flexible URS group.There is no statistically significant difference between 2 groups in the need for double J stent or auxiliary procedure such as ESWL. Conclusion Single Use Flexible URS is widely used nowadays and the treatment of choice for management of renal calculi due to its high efficacy and low morbidity in management of renal stones up to 20 mm. This study indicated that Single Use Flexible URS is an effective technique for management of renal and proximal ureteric calculi ≤ 2cm. In comparison to Mini-PCNL, it not only has a similar stone free rate, but also is associated with lower complication rates, more favorable recovery time. But it has longer operative time.

Does Accruals Quality Influence Management Choice on Disclosure Contents?

Does Accruals Quality Influence Management Choice on Disclosure Contents?

The details matter: SEC regulatory guidance and informativeness in non-GAAP disclosure decisions

Purpose This paper aims to examine how managers make non-generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) exclusion decisions depending on the regulatory guidance provided and their motivations. Guidance detail is a double-edged sword: resolving uncertainty but risking rule-based compliance over principled judgment. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the context of non-GAAP measures in reporting, given the history of Securities and Exchange Commission changes in guidance detail. Drawing on theories of epistemic motivation and process accountability, this paper manipulates the goal of management (informativeness vs. opportunism) and guidance detail to examine effects on management decisions to exclude an ambiguous charge. Findings The 2×2 between participants experiment with 132 managers reveals that more detailed guidance increases likelihood of exclusion of an ambiguous charge. This paper further finds that this exclusion is more likely when management is given an informativeness goal, a result of a mediating effect of epistemic motivation. However, these findings only hold at low levels of process accountability. Practical implications The findings regarding the psychological concepts recognize the influence of perceived decision uncertainty by suggesting how managers respond to the level of regulatory guidance detail, offering regulators and auditors a basis for understanding and anticipating managerial reporting choices. Also, awareness of heightened epistemic motivation under the informativeness goal provides a nuanced practical understanding of non-GAAP decision drivers. Finally, the finding that effects are more pronounced for managers with lower process accountability highlights the significance of organizational accountability structures in guiding managerial choices, which can inform board-level governance and control decisions. Originality/value Pragmatically, this paper finds that detailed guidance leads to more appropriate exclusion decisions under a goal of informativeness but finds no such evidence where the goal is opportunism. No prior study has examined how the level of detail in guidance affects managers’ disclosure choices.

MEIBO (perfluorohexyloctane): a novel approach to treating dry eye disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a multifactorial disease that classically develops due to the hyperosmolarity of the tear film. Categorically divided into two types, based on decreased production and increased evaporation of the tear film, DED begins with a spectrum of nonspecific symptoms like pruritus, redness, burning and discomfort, progressively leading to stringy mucus eye discharge, photophobia, twitching, visual fluctuations, and punctate epithelial lesions. This disease has numerous treatment options, including medications, artificial tear inducers, and surgical manoeuvres that prevent water loss from the tear film. However, each of these treatment options has its limitations. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved another intervention, Meibo (perfluorohexyloctane), as a choice of management for dry eye disease. With its shielding action on the ocular surface, Meibo (perfluorohexyloctane) reduces desiccation stress-induced ocular damage, making it highly specific for treating DED. Available in an eye drop formulation of perfluorohexyloctane (PFHO), these drops can reduce saline evaporation by up to 80%. The methods we used for this analysis are literature searches from PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. This study aims to scour varying differentials of DED, its aetiology, general interventions, the latest refinements, and clinical efficacy, safety, and trials associated with Meibo (perfluorohexyloctane) in the management of DED.

Front of neck airway in Finnish helicopter emergency medical services

IntroductionAn emergent front of neck airway (FONA) is needed when a ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ crisis occurs. A FONA may also in specific cases be the primary choice of airway management. Two techniques exist for FONA, with literature favouring the surgical technique over the percutaneous. The reported need for a prehospital FONA is fortunately rare as the mortality has been shown to be high. Due to the low incidence, literature on FONA is limited with regards to different settings, techniques and operators. As a foundation for future research and improvement of patient care, we aim to describe the frequency, indications, technique, success, and outcomes of FONA in the Finnish helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS). Materials and MethodsThis retrospective descriptive study reviews FONA performed at the Finnish HEMS during 1.1.2012 to 8.9.2019. The Finnish HEMS consists of six units, staffed mainly by anaesthesiologists. Clinical data was gathered from a national HEMS database and trough chart reviews. Data on mortality was obtained from a population registry. Only descriptive statistics were performed. ResultsA total of 22 FONA were performed during the study period, 7 were primary and 14 performed after failure to intubate (missing data regarding indication for one attempt). This equals a 0.13 % (14/10,813) need for a rescue FONA and a rate of 0.20 % (22/10,813) FONA out of all advanced airway management. All but one FONA was performed using a surgical approach (20/21, 95 %, missing data = 1) and all were successful (22/22, 100 %). Indications were mainly cardiac arrest (10/22, 45 %) and trauma (6/22, 27 %), and the most common reason for a need for a secondary FONA was obstruction of airway by food or fluids (7/14, 50 %). On-scene mortality was 36 % (8/22) and 30-day mortality 90 % (19/21, missing data = 1). ConclusionThe need for FONA is scarce in a HEMS system with experienced airway providers. Even though the procedure is successfully performed, the mortality is markedly high.

Oxcarbazepine: A usable alternative to carbamazepine in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia- A pilot study and drug review

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an extremely debilitating neuropathic pain in which Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the preferred drug of choice in pharmacological management and surgical intervention to be considered only when drug therapy proves ineffective. However, it’s long-term use leads to refraction along with severe side effects has made to search for a suitable alternative to CBZ.Present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Oxcarbazepine (OXC) in those patients, who failed to get adequate relief despite taking CBZ for longer span. 15 patients including 12 males and 3 females (age group 30-65 years) mean age 53.3 years were prescribed OXC in subsequent doses of 300mg, 600mg, 900mg, maximum up to 2400mg and the pain relief was analysed using grading as No response, Moderate and Excellent response. Significant pain relief was observed as the dose was increased in the range of 1200-2400mg. Likert scale (5 points scale) for treatment satisfaction was used in which 2 patients marked as very satisfied, 11 patients were found to be satisfied, whereas only 2 marked as neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. : OXC, proves to be a useable alternative to CBZ in terms of being cost effective, better pain control and less side effects. A brief review of the drug OXC is also added.

Qualitative analysis of online discussion boards for male urinary incontinence after prostate treatment

AbstractIntroductionThough urinary incontinence (UI) after prostate treatment often contributes to emotional distress and significantly impacts quality of life, many patients do not discuss this condition with their physicians. We analyzed the patient perspective by examining online support group posts to gain insight into specific challenges associated with different UI management methods.MethodsWe examined discussion board threads from multiple patient‐focused forums on experiences of UI due to prostate treatment (threads from January 2016 to January 2022). Principles of grounded theory in thematic analysis were used to analyze the threads.ResultsThree hundred and eighteen posts from 84 unique users were analyzed. Among users, 47 (56%) reported UI following radical prostatectomy (RP), 5 (6%) secondary to radiation therapy (RT), 12 (14%) after a combination of RP and RT, and 20 (24%) were ambiguous. UI management methods included pads/diapers/liners, condom catheters/external clamps, Kegels/pelvic floor physiotherapy, and surgical treatment (artificial urinary sphincter or sling placement). We identified challenges common to all management methods: “requires trial and error,” “physical discomfort,” and “difficult to be in public.” Factors influencing management choices included the ability to “feel normal” and the development of a management routine.ConclusionThe current study identifies opportunities for improved expectation‐setting and education regarding post‐procedural UI and its management. These findings can serve as a guide for providers to counsel patients on the advantages and disadvantages of UI management devices.

Comprehensive evaluation method based on objective and subjective factors: A case of printed circuit board resin waste treatment technologies in China

Given the significant diversity in printed circuit board (PCB) resin waste compositions, selecting the most suitable treatment technology is urgent. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation index system integrating resource and energy use, environmental impact, and cost-benefit analysis. The method enhances the accuracy of subjective weight determination and matrix calculation while reducing the impact of subjective bias. Three treatment technologies are examined: incineration, composite manufacturing, and pyrolysis. Pyrolysis consumes fewer resources and less energy, with minimal environmental impact, scoring above 0.2156 for resource and energy use and above 0.2588 for environmental impact. Composite manufacturing yields superior economic benefits, the score is above 0.3219. Incineration's comprehensive evaluation results are notably lower across various copper content levels. Manufacturing composites is optimal below 16 % copper content, while pyrolysis is preferred above. The case study fully demonstrates the method's reliability and advantages, contributing to recommended technological choices for waste management.

Exploring the role of Chinese herbal medicine in the long-term management of postoperative ovarian endometriotic cysts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ovarian endometriotic cysts (OEC) represent the primary manifestation of endometriosis, constituting a hormonally dependent inflammatory disorder in gynecology. It significantly affects the quality of life and reproductive health of women. It is worth noting that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), has been widely applied in mainland China due to its unique therapeutic system and commendable clinical efficacy, bringing new hope for preventing and managing OEC. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM in the management of postoperative OEC. Simultaneously, it seeks to explore the medication laws, therapeutic principles, and specific treatment mechanisms of CHM. Eight electronic databases were searched from their inception to 01 November 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the therapeutic effects and safety of CHM for postoperative OEC were included. The risk of bias for each trial was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE profiler 3.2. Additionally, we extracted formulation from the included studies, conducting a thorough analysis. (ⅰ) Twenty-two RCTs involving 1938 patients were included. In terms of the primary efficacy outcome, the CHM group demonstrated a potentially lower recurrence rate compared to both control (odds ratio (OR) = 0.25; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.10-0.64) and conventional western medicine (CWM) (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11-0.65) groups. Furthermore, the joint application of CHM and CWM resulted in a significant reduction in the recurrence rate (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.17-0.40). (ⅱ) Regarding secondary efficacy outcomes, (a) Total clinical efficacy rate: CHM showcased an augmentation in clinical effectiveness compared to both the control (OR = 4.23; 95% CI: 1.12-15.99) and CWM (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.34-6.43) groups. The combined administration of CHM and CWM substantially enhanced overall clinical effectiveness (OR = 3.44; 95% CI: 2.37-5.00). (b) VAS Score: CHM exhibited the capacity to diminish the VAS score in comparison to surgery alone (Mean difference (MD) = -0.86; 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.71). Nevertheless, no substantial advantage was observed compared to CWM alone (MD = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.49 to 0.17). The integration of CHM with CWM effectively ameliorated pain symptoms (MD = -0.87; 95% CI: -1.10 to -0.65). (c) Serum Level of Cancer antigen 125 (CA125): the CHM group potentially exhibited lower CA125 levels in comparison to CWM alone (MD = -11.08; 95% CI: -21.75 to -0.42). The combined intervention of CHM and CWM significantly decreased CA125 levels (MD = -5.31; 95% CI: -7.27 to -3.36). (d) Pregnancy Rate: CHM exhibited superiority in enhancing the pregnancy rate compared to surgery (OR = 3.95; 95% CI: 1.60-9.74) or CWM alone (OR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.40-7.83). The combined utilization of CHM and CWM demonstrated the potential to enhance pregnancy rates compared to CWM (OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.28-6.98). Concerning safety outcome indicators, CHM effectively decreased the overall incidence of adverse events and, to a certain extent, alleviated perimenopausal symptoms as well as liver function impairment. (ⅲ) Most of CHMs were originated from classical Chinese herbal formulas. Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Taoren), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Chishao), and Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang (Yanhusuo) were most frequently used CHM. CHM may be a viable choice in the long-term management of postoperative OEC, with the potential to enhance clinical efficacy while decreasing recurrence and adverse effects.

Entropy analysis of a non-Darcian mixed convective flow of Cu-Al2O3-based hybrid nanofluid with thermal dispersioneffect

Entropy measures the disorderness or randomness of the systems. It may affect the effectiveness and performance of the thermal systems. That is why entropy analysis is one of the trending research topic in modern era of society. The motive of this article is to present a comprehensive analysis of entropy generation and thermal dispersion effect on mixed convective flow of (Cu-Al2O3)/(H2O) based hybrid nanofluid along a plate submerged in a non-Darcy porous medium. The mathematical model describing the flow problem encompasses a system of partial differential equation, resulting from the single-phase flow model of the nanofluid combined with the Darcy-Forchheimer expression for porous medium flow. The dimensional system of partial differential equation is transformed into a non-dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential system through a similarity transformations and subsequently, the system is solved using the BVP4C module in MATLAB. The study analyzes the flow variables and entropy generation with respect to the parameters inherent in the problem. The findings suggests that, the increasing thermal dispersion effects enhances the Heat transfer rate of the hybrid nanofluid. Further, it is reported that the entropy generation in hybrid nanofluid is lower than the mono nanofluid which makes the hybrid nanofluid a better choice for entropy management in the thermal systems. The outcome of the research has practical implications in various real-life applications, such as crude oil production, oil flow filtration, electronic cooling equipment, etc.

Tracing the evolving dynamics and research hotspots in the kidney neoplasm and nephron sparing surgery field from the past to the new era

AbstractBackgroundWith increasing detection of small renal masses and accumulating evidence that nephron sparing surgery (NSS) could achieve oncological equivalence and functional superiority compared with radical nephrectomy (RN), NSS has become first‐line therapy for some patients with localized renal masses.ObjectiveThis study aims to review the publications in the kidney neoplasm and NSS field, exploring the research hotspots.MethodKidney neoplasm and NSS related publications before July 3th 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We then used bibliometric analysis to conduct performance analysis, citation analysis and co‐citation network of publications, together with keyword co‐occurrence analysis.ResultsSeven thousand five hundred and sixty‐four documents were finally retrieved, and the annual publications increased exponentially. The most productive authors were “KAOUK JH” and “GILL IS”, while USA, and 12 American affiliations such as CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION and MAYO CLINIC were far leading in this field. Journal of Urology and European Urology were journals with the highest citations and h‐index.DiscussionThrough literature reviewing plus co‐occurrence and clustering analysis, the therapeutic effects of partial nephrectomy (PN) versus RN on patients with localized renal cell carcinoma, different operative approaches of PN, and conservative NSS methods were deemed as the most focused topics.ConclusionThree aspects were the most important hotspots in this field. Firstly, how to provide the optimal management choices for different patients. Secondly, therapeutic effects of different management options and surgical techniques needed more prospective and randomized studies. Finally, more novel technologies and surgical techniques were required.

Patterns and correlates in the distribution, design and management of garden ponds along an urban–rural gradient

Urbanisation results in the loss and alteration of natural wetlands and ponds. However, garden ponds in cities and towns can potentially act as rich reservoirs of aquatic biodiversity and stepping stones for dispersal. Homeowners with a range of different motivations, including biodiversity values, install garden ponds. Here, our main aim was to study whether the design and management choices of garden pond owners depended on the location of ponds (capital city vs. countryside), when ponds were installed (pond age), or whether fish were introduced. We surveyed 834 garden pond owners across Hungary using a citizen science questionnaire, asking questions on pond size, location, construction date and materials, vegetation structure, introduction of fish and management practices. From 753 validated responses, we found that the introduction of fish into ponds and high urbanisation were strongly associated with local features and management practices, especially large ponds with a water circulation feature, irrespective of pond age. A typical garden pond in Hungary is ~ 20 m2, < 10 years old, made of rubber lining, contains fish, aquatic vegetation and circulating water, and is actively managed. There was a spatial separation of ponds based on local features between ponds in the capital city (Budapest) and elsewhere. These findings suggest that garden pond owners in the city were more likely to make different choices in pond design and management compared to owners in regional areas. Our results also suggest that pond owners may primarily select management practices to improve habitat quality for ornamental fish. Our findings have important implications for maintaining aquatic biodiversity in urban areas, where garden ponds may be the only aquatic habitat available.

The LTAR-integrated grazing land common experiment at the Texas Gulf.

Extreme weather and climate events have become more frequent and directly affect the ecological structure and function of integrated grazing lands. While the Great Plains have experienced a long history of regular disturbances from drought and floods, grazing, and fires, the increased frequency and magnitude of these disturbances can reduce ecological resilience, largely depending on management practices. Alternative strategies designed to adaptively manage grazing land resources based on the ecology of the system should increase the resistance and resilience to disturbances when compared to prevailing practices. Determining the ecologic and economic value of alternative strategies will require long-term evaluations across large spatial scales. The Long-Term Agroecosystem Research Network has been established to evaluate the differences between alternative and prevailing practices among 18 strategically located sites and across decadal time scales throughout the continental United States. A key integrated grazing land site within this network is the Texas Gulf located at the Riesel Watersheds in the Blackland Prairie of Central Texas. At this study site, the differences between alternative and prevailing grazing management strategies are now being evaluated. The alternative strategy was designed using a combination of knowledge of the site and species ecology with modern-day tools and technologies. Alternatively, the prevailing practice implements a conventional year-round continuous grazing system with heavy reliance on hay and supplemental protein during winter. Results will provide grazing land managers with economically viable adaptive management choices for increasing ecological resilience following extreme and frequent disturbance events.

Sticky price for declining risk? Business strategies with “behavioral” customers in the hotel industry

AbstractUsing data from about 25 million hotel room postings in four countries, we document that rather than decreasing to zero as the likelihood of cancellation declines, the difference between the prices for refundable and nonrefundable reservations remains positive at roughly 10%–15% of the full price. A model where travelers have different willingness to pay and some of them overestimate the probability to cancel their trip explains these price‐setting patterns more consistently than alternative interpretations. We denote these business strategies as naiveté‐based price discrimination. Our data and theory, therefore, show that this form of apparent inertial behavior of companies regarding a major strategic variable can be an intentional managerial choice. We demonstrate, finally, that this profit‐enhancing commitment to limited flexibility may also benefit customers in some cases, by expanding the reach of the market. Thus, strategies that rely on cognitive biases on the demand side may not necessarily exploit consumers.