Vehicle Choice Research Articles

Presenting the behavioral model of citizens in selection of trip vehicle with emphasis on how to go to work

Understanding the factors that influence individual vehicle choice behavior will reveal changes in preferences and attitudes. These changes can provide insights into travel patterns, improve transportation planning, prepare for future infrastructure needs and services, and inform better design and implementation of sustainable and inclusive transportation. The purpose of this research is to provide a behavioral model of citizens in choosing a travel vehicle with an emphasis on how to go to work in Shiraz, Iran. The statistical method used in this research is the logit mathematical model. SPSS software was used to analyze the research results. Different hypothetical scenarios were investigated according to the final vehicle selection model and the possibility of choosing different travel vehicles in each of the hypothetical scenarios. The results of the comparison of logit models for all travel destinations showed that the behavior of Shiraz citizens in choosing a means of transportation is not nested. For this reason, the final model was chosen for business trips. The results obtained from the hypothetical scenarios of the business travel selection tool in Shiraz showed that if none of the demand management policies and the creation of high-speed buses are applied, the share of private cars is 38%, the share of buses and subways is 32%, the share of taxi travel is 30%, and the share of walking will be 33 %. Also, social conditions and demographic characteristics do not have a significant effect on the choice of vehicle and travel behavior of citizens to the workplace.

An improved finite set model predictive control of SRM drive based on a voltage vectors strategy for low torque ripple

The robust rotor structure and fault-tolerance characteristics of the Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) are the best choice for next-generation Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. This machine has few restraints like high torque and flux ripples. However, the existing Model Predictive Control (MPC) using multiple control objectives and maximum sectors in the switching table results in high torque ripples due to the improper sector partition, Voltage Vectors (VVs) and weight factor (K1) selection. This paper proposes a Finite Set-Model Predictive Control (FS-MPC) for an analytical model of a non-linearity SRM machine to analyze the torque ripple performance. The proposed VVs are derived using sector partition based on the rotor position. The control is designed as a single cost function with the weighting factor contributing to smooth torque by selecting optimal control signals. Simulation studies and experiments with a four-phase 8/6 SRM drive verifies the enhanced FS-MPC for real-time implementation. The dynamic speed and ripple values of SRM Drives are measured using a mixed signal oscilloscope and the sensor probes. The laboratory outcomes calculate the analytical equations to validate the findings. The calculated value of torque ripple is 9 % through this FS-MPC. The study reveals that the proposed method is well suited for torque ripple reduction than flux ripples.

Geographic Factors Impacting the Demand for Public EV Charging: An Observational Study

The practicality and substitutability of electric vehicles depend on there being a fast, reliable way to recharge on round trips beyond the range of a single charge. Grouping such infrastructure into charging hubs benefits developers and operators through economies of scale and electric vehicle drivers in terms of travel logistics and passed-through cost savings. The need for charging capacity at en-route charging hubs is impacted by the following four identifiable geo-social parameters: (a) highway travel volumes, reflecting the rate at which electric vehicles are expending energy in the area; (b) local population, reflecting both the increased needs of electric vehicle owners without dedicated home chargers and the reduced needs of those commuting into a metropolitan center; (c) the quantity of competing charging stations; and (d) being on a critical interprovincial route. Twelve charging stations located in diverse locations around Nova Scotia, Canada, were evaluated in terms of these four parameters, and their recorded use was investigated from a dataset of 26,000 charging events between April 2022 and April 2024. The regression reveals that there are strong positive correlations between demand for fast charging and (a) traffic volumes (45%) and (c) being on an interprovincial route (42%), while there is only a very weak correlation with (b) local population (2%). Interestingly, there is only a weak negative correlation with (c) the number and capacity of nearby competing chargers (−6%), suggesting that either in short-term route choice or longer-term vehicle choice, the presence of chargers encourages electric vehicles.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PERISHABLE GOODS DELIVERY IN THE CITY OF KHARKIV

The article analyses the existing methods for building perishable goods delivery technologies and identifies strategies to study the prospects for developing perishable goods delivery systems, which allowed the authors to formulate the research objective in this development. The chosen topic is quite relevant since the formation of rational transport and technological schemes for the delivery of perishable goods allows for increasing the efficiency of resource use, decreasing the cost of their delivery, and reducing the delivery time of perishable goods. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of perishable goods delivery and reduce delivery time is to determine rational distribution routes and rational brands of rolling stock. The study established that foreign scientists have proposed solutions related to the construction of transport and technological schemes for the delivery of perishable goods, taking into account the choice of vehicles and routes for the delivery of goods. Most of these solutions focused on determining the appropriate loading capacity of rolling stock and the optimal delivery routes for perishable goods. A result of the conducted research was a proposed methodology for a comprehensive improvement of the perishable goods delivery process, consisting of determining rational distribution routes for a selected set of vehicles with different loadings. The authors implemented the software for the algorithm for choosing routes for vehicles of various capacities with the definition of the core technical and operational and technical and economic indicators of efficiency of the delivery process of perishable goods. The software implementation of the algorithm for selecting routes for vehicles of different capacities with the determination of the core technical and operational and technical and economic indicators of the efficiency of the delivery process of perishable goods allows one to quickly, in real-time, perform calculations and determine the rational parameters of the transport process and choose the appropriate routes and rolling stock. Keywords: perishable goods, cargo delivery, distribution routes, truck capacity, costs.

Revealing How Much Drivers Understand about Vehicle Pollutants: Towards Development of Information Campaigns

Thirty-four interviews were carried out with drivers in four countries to elicit their understanding about pollutants, specifically nitrogen dioxide (NOX) and particulate matter (PM). The results showed that most of the participants knew that cars emitted carbon dioxide (CO2), but they were less aware of the emission of NOx and PM. Also, being aware of the negative impacts of pollutants did not necessarily lead to eco-friendly vehicle choices. Most of the drivers were aware of pollutant friendly behaviours such as avoiding harsh acceleration/deceleration and maintaining smooth speed but were unaware of behaviours such as efficient gear use, avoiding engine idling, or anticipation of traffic ahead. Only a few mentioned pre-trip or strategic level behaviours (e.g., vehicle size/weight or the selection of appropriate routes and avoidance of traffic congestion). The results could be used to design educational material to raise awareness and provide drivers with tips to reduce their pollutant emissions.

Do one’s moral foundations impact how they respond to information on climate change emissions? A vehicle choice experiment

Transportation is a major source of climate change emissions. Providing people with better information on those emissions is one means of helping individuals make climate-friendly choices. However, not everyone is influenced by the same type of information. Previous research has demonstrated that Goal Framing Theory could help improve the influence of climate change emissions information and that different framings have different levels of influence depending on a number of socio-demographic and attitudinal characteristics. However, apart from climate change motivation, what other underlying psychological factors might help us understand why the framings vary in their influence between individuals? Moral Foundation Theory (MFT) identifies key values that influence people’s moral decisions, providing a useful framework for understanding diverse responses to information. The objective of this study is to understand whether MFT can help explain different responses by individuals and identify which framings are associated with stronger responses for different moral foundations. This study investigates the moderating effects of moral foundations on individuals’ responsiveness to different emission information framings. Utilizing data from discrete choice experiments involving 2015 Canadian drivers, we examine how different moral foundations impact the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for reducing emissions. The results reveal that the impact of emissions information framing varies significantly according to individuals’ moral foundations. Specifically, moral values associated with Authority, Fairness, and Purity play negative moderating roles on WTP for CO2 emissions under different framings, whereas Ingroup and Harm foundations have positive moderating effects on WTP with the framings tested. Additionally, innovative communication tools like new emojis demonstrated strong positive effects on WTP, especially among those with strong Ingroup, Fairness, and Purity values. Conversely, individuals with a strong Authority value showed the lowest WTP when presented with pressure gauge visuals. Using appropriate framing based on Moral Foundation Theory can considerably change the willingness-to-pay for climate change emissions for different parts of the population, with a notable increase in WTP observed among individuals inclined to alter their behavior. Future framings should incorporate MFT in their design.

Compatibility of Commonly Used Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Fagron Advanced Derma Dermatological Vehicles

Background: Inflammatory skin conditions, such as eczema, acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and dermatitis, cause redness, swelling, and itching, affecting both physical and mental well-being. Effective management of these symptoms requires targeted therapeutic interventions. In topical formulations, the choice of vehicle and its compatibility with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) significantly impact treatment outcomes. Emolivan™, Nourisil™, Nourivan™ Antiox, Occluvan™, and Seraqua™ are ready-to-use vehicles developed for compounding pharmacies, formulated with non-irritating ingredients suitable for dermatological applications.

The practice of customs logistics in the export and import of petroleum products

In Russia, oil production and refining are the leading industries. The customs logistics of the export and import of petroleum products has its own characteristics and reserves for improvement. In order to comply with the rule of law and increase the efficiency of foreign trade activities in relation to petroleum products, it is necessary to strictly control all stages of the logistics process. Effective customs logistics implies an integrated approach to solving problems from the perspective of identifying costs and reducing them in conjunction with all logistics links – from supply to distribution. In the course of the study, the specifics of the approach to customs operations in relation to petroleum products as an object of export and import logistics flows within the framework of their movement by various modes of transport were studied. The importance of the development of customs logistics for the development of foreign economic activity and the oil industry is also determined. The result of the study was the directions proposed by the authors to improve the efficiency of customs logistics in the export and import of petroleum products. They include: reduction of losses of oil and petroleum products during transportation; organization of the logistics process, taking into account the analysis of the best practices of oil processing enterprises; improvement of the efficiency of inventory management; optimization of transport routes and choice of vehicles; introduction of modern information technologies into logistics processes.

The Integration of Urban Freight in Public Transportation: A Systematic Literature Review

Urban logistics face growing complexity as cities seek sustainable development pathways; one solution is integrating freight transportation with public transit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate current practices, identify gaps, and highlight opportunities for advancement in this field. Through a comprehensive literature review guided by four research questions, this study evaluates methodologies, vehicle choices, the application of intermodal containers, and the shared use of public transportation infrastructure for freight delivery. A meticulous search methodology was employed to select references, which were then analyzed and classified into two main tables. Findings reveal a progression from initial pilot projects and cost analyses to sophisticated planning and optimization challenges, with a focus on metro networks and buses. This study uncovers a predilection for certain research types, the utilization of varied transportation modes, underexplored intermodal container use, and an emerging emphasis on transshipment operations. The integration of freight and public transportation within urban settings is identified as a dynamic and diversifying field, with significant potential for contributing to sustainable urban development. We outline nine areas for future research, including the incorporation of external costs and congestion effects into optimization models, and the exploration of unmanned vehicles, thereby laying the groundwork for more inclusive and efficient urban logistics solutions.

Electric Vehicle Usage Patterns in Multi-Vehicle Households in the US: A Machine Learning Study

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions. In the US, EVs are mostly owned by multi-vehicle households, and their usage is primarily studied in the context of vehicle miles traveled. This study takes a unique approach by analyzing EV usage through the lens of vehicle choice (between EVs and internal combustion engine vehicles) within multi-vehicle households. A two-step machine-learning framework (clustering and decision trees) is proposed. The framework determines the preferred trip category for EV use and captures the effects of household attributes, driver attributes, built-environment factors, and gas prices on EV use in multi-vehicle households. Results indicate that discretionary trips (accumulated local effect = 0.037) are mostly preferred for EV use. EV preference is more pronounced among households with fewer workers (<2) and lower income levels. These findings are valuable for policymakers and auto manufacturers in targeting specific market segments and promoting EV adoption.

Electric Vehicle Choices in Malaysia: A Conceptual Model Investigating Switching Intentions through the Push-Pull-Mooring Model

Electric Vehicle Choices in Malaysia: A Conceptual Model Investigating Switching Intentions through the Push-Pull-Mooring Model

Maximizing Motorcycle Power and Torque with Roller Modifications

In the automotive world, rapid advancements in motorized vehicle technology necessitate consumers to be selective in vehicle choice. This study examines the performance of motorcycles using modified racing rollers versus standard factory rollers. Focusing on a 150cc matic motorcycle, we analyzed power and torque outputs using rollers of different masses (11g, 16g, and standard 15.5g). Field studies and literature reviews were conducted, employing tools like dynotests to measure performance at RPM ranges from 4,700 to 9,500. Results indicate that the 16g roller achieved the highest torque of 12.45 N/m at 6,800 RPM, while the 11g roller attained 12.09 N/m at 67,300 RPM. The standard 15.5g roller reached 12.07 N/m at 76,400 RPM. This research highlights the impact of roller mass on motorcycle performance, providing valuable insights for enhancing vehicle efficiency and consumer choice. Highlight: 16g roller achieves highest torque of 12.45 N/m at 6,800 RPM. 11g roller reaches torque of 12.09 N/m at 67,300 RPM. Standard 15.5g roller attains 12.07 N/m at 76,400 RPM. Keywoard: Motorcycle Performance, Racing Rollers, Torque, Power Output, 150cc Matic

A comprehensive investigation of brushless direct current (bldc) motors: current state, advanced control strategies, and utilization systems

In the field of dynamic applications, specifically within automotive, pumping, and rolling sectors, there exists a noteworthy preference for the use of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors. Projections show that, by the year 2030, BLDC motors are poised to supersede classic induction motors as the dominating force in industrial power transmission. This transformation, however, is accompanied by crucial issues and unresolved research challenges in the environment of BLDC motors.The core concern revolves around the dependability and endurance of BLDC motors. These motors presently encounter obstacles in achieving advanced fault tolerance, reduced electromagnetic interference, lowered acoustic noise, as well as mitigated flux and torque fluctuations. The path of closed-loop vector control emerges as a possible technique to address these challenges.In recent literature studies spanning the previous five years, a striking scarcity of exploration in the domain of BLDC motor controllers and design becomes clear. Furthermore, key areas such as the comparative study of existing vector control schemes, the increase of fault tolerance control, the attenuation of electromagnetic interference inside BLDC motor controllers, and other pivotal elements remain undiscovered. These research lacunae serve as a motivator for the undertaking of an intensive investigation to face the fundamental issues related with BLDC motors. BLDC motors have quickly become the motor of choice for electric vehicle (EV) applications due to the fact that they are reliable, simple, and energy efficient.This detailed survey goes deep into numerous sophisticated control strategies for BLDC motors. These encompass fault tolerance control, electromagnetic interference reduction, field orientation control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), current shaping, input voltage control, intelligent control, drive-inverter topology, and the underlying operational principles aimed at the minimization of torque irregularities. Additionally, the study goes through the historical narrative of BLDC motors, the categorization of BLDC motor kinds, their structural complexity, mathematical modeling, and the standards that govern BLDC motor uses in varied industries.

Vehicle choice modeling for emerging zero-emission light-duty vehicle markets in California

To predict the market dynamics of various zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) technologies, this study introduces a dynamic discrete vehicle choice model (VCM) that investigates the probabilities associated with 14 decision factors, applying these to the purchase of ZEVs from 2020 to 2040. Market share and penetration results are presented under eight scenarios, that vary by vehicle costs infrastructure development and incentive strategies. The findings suggest that in the early years, incentives alone may not generate significant market penetration of ZEVs before the infrastructure meets the basic convenience for daily use, especially for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). However, in later years, incentives play a more important role in the market penetration of ZEVs under well-defined infrastructure networks. By 2040, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are projected to dominate the market in California. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and FCVs may experience a decline in market share due to improved charging convenience, which benefits the market penetration of BEVs. However, fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (FC-PHEVs) could still be beneficial if accessible models are available, considering the limited availability of hydrogen refueling stations. The goal set by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) is achievable, but it requires a sustained combination of measures; no single effort can achieve it. These measures include technological improvements to reduce the cost of ZEVs, a wider range of models available for consumers to choose from based on their desired performance, the establishment of infrastructure (battery chargers and hydrogen dispensers), and attractive incentives aimed at promoting ZEV adoption. The proposed methodology can be adapted for other regions in the United States and globally by carefully examining the inputs for each decision factor at the desired scale.

Optimal multimodal multi-echelon vaccine distribution network design for low and medium-income countries with manufacturing infrastructure during healthcare emergencies

In the event of routine immunizations for containing disease outbreaks, the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) led Low and Medium-Income Countries (LMICs) follow a four-tier distribution network. Such a network is suitable for LMICs importing vaccines rather than manufacturing and may not be suitable for healthcare emergencies. Recent shift from routine immunizations to pandemic-orientation, calls for large-scale multimodal distribution models. This paper proposes a cold chain network for LMICs with manufacturing hubs during health emergencies, integrating vaccine manufacturers and incorporating multiple transportation modes. The problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Quadratically Constrained Programming (MIQCP) problem, to minimize ‘Cumulative Transportation Time’ (CTT) with the minimal number of trips. To solve large-scale problems the paper also proposes a novel algorithm that divides certain parts of the network and retains the edges that are likely to give better solutions. The proposed model extends the existing body of the literature by introducing features such as vehicle choice between locations, generalized hierarchical structure, network decomposition, and appropriateness with LMIC networks. We conduct numerical experiments to validate the proposed algorithm using data from India. The results show that the proposed model saves cumulative transportation time along the optimally generated network when compared with the actual vaccine supply network in India during healthcare emergencies. The proposed algorithm is also faster than the formulation giving comparable results while solved in a commercial solver.

Technology progress and clean vehicle policies on fleet turnover and equity: insights from household vehicle fleet micro-simulations with ATLAS

ABSTRACT This paper documents the design and application of ATLAS (Automobile and Technology Lifecycle-Based ASsignment), a comprehensive household vehicle transaction and technology adoption micro-simulator in the San Francisco Bay Area. ATLAS evolves the fleet mix of individual households by simulating the vehicle transaction and choice decisions in response to co-evolving demographics, land use, and vehicle technology simulations. While most existing literature has focused on the aggregate clean vehicle uptake, this paper differentiates distributional effects and decomposes the underlying mechanisms across heterogeneous sub-populations of households. Using scenarios and sensitivity simulations that vary vehicle technology and policy assumptions, we find that Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) penetrate into higher income groups at a faster rate than into lower income groups, which is intuitive and aligns with expectations. Interestingly, the relative income disparity in ZEV ownership shrinks over time across all scenarios, with a ZEV mandate coupled with declining battery cost leading to the greatest reduction in disparity of ZEV ownership by 2050. Federal, state, and local financial incentives influence the redistribution of ZEV uptake across income groups and contribute to narrowing income disparity. Vehicle transaction frequency and new versus used market dynamics are found to be important factors contributing to the income disparity.

Insights into folic acid mixtures compounded with commercially available vitamin syrups

Stability assessments are crucial in determining the shelf-life and quality of compounded pharmaceutical products. Folic acid, an essential B-vitamin, is widely used to prevent and treat folate deficiency-related conditions. However, because of patient-specific demands or customised dose requirements, compounded folic acid syrups are frequently used in pediatric patients. This study aims to examine the stability of compounded folic acid mixtures prepared with some commercially available vitamin syrups. Three commercially available vitamin syrups were utilized as compounding vehicles for folic acid tablets, ensuring a representative sample of products commonly used in compounding practices in hospitals when conventional compounding vehicles are not available. The compounded folic acid mixtures were stored under ambient (21- 25 ºC) and refrigerated conditions (2-8 ºC), to simulate real-life scenarios, and tested using parameters such as, organoleptic characteristics, sedimentation rate, pH, microbial growth and drug content determination at day 7, 14 and 30. The extemporaneous preparations of the compounded folic acid in vitamin syrups generally maintained their physical characteristics over the 30-day study period. However, there was either decrease in folic acid concentration or microbial contamination of the preparations at day 7. Therefore, folic acid compounded in vitamin syrups are generally stable for less than seven days. The data obtained will aid healthcare professionals and compounding pharmacies in decision making concerning the choice of vehicle, compounding practices and strategies to ensure the preparation of wholesome extemporaneous products.

When Human is Depicted as Birds: Moral Education through Javanese Saloka

Saloka is one of Javanese proverbs which includes comparison of human to other objects, such as goods or animals. Concerning on its structure, Javanese saloka can be expressed in various linguistic units, for instances word, phrase, even clause. Generally, the use of proverb in Javanese people‟s everyday life is still solid, especially when it is involved in advice, criticism, or quibble. In addition, another charm of Javanese saloka lies on the choice of vehicles – what is used to depict the object of discussion – in which human is portrayed as a thing or animal. For that reason, this study aims to reveal the use of bird types as a representation of human in Javanese saloka that contains moral values. The approach of qualitative descriptive was utilized in this work, extracting the data from several books of Javanese proverbs collection. Subsequently, the collected data was analysed through semantic metaphor with the help of literature such as journal articles, encyclopaedia, and internet sources. The result of the study shows that there are nine types of bird mentioned in Javanese saloka: beluk „owl‟, cocak „bulbul‟, dhandhang „crow‟, emprit „Javan munia‟, glathik „padda or Java sparrow‟, jalak „starling‟, kontul „heron‟, pecruk „cormorant‟, and peking „scaly-breasted munia or spice finch‟. Likewise, the motivations behind the use of bird types in Javanese saloka include: (1) bird habit; (2) bird colour; (3) bird size; and (4) bird chirp characteristics. To finish, the objective of saloka with b

A multi-objective spatio-temporal pricing method for fast-charging stations oriented to transformer load balancing

To address the challenges posed by the fast-charging demand of electric vehicles, causing feeder load and voltage imbalances during operation, this paper introduces a spatio-temporal pricing strategy tailored to enhance feeder operation equilibrium. This approach facilitates the spatio-temporal guidance of fast-charging loads for electric vehicles in operation. This paper begins by formulating a spatio-temporal distribution model for electric vehicle fast-charging loads, considering owners’ preferences. It further develops a behavioral model for the travel choices of electric vehicles, illustrating the impact of spatio-temporal electricity pricing at fast-charging stations on load distribution. Next, it proposes a multi-objective spatio-temporal pricing model and its solution method specifically designed for feeder-balance-oriented fast-charging stations. This model targets the minimization of the spatio-temporal imbalance in feeder voltage and load. It takes a comprehensive approach, considering the constraints of the spatio-temporal load distribution model and optimal power flow model. The resulting spatio-temporal pricing model for fast-charging stations is effectively solved using the extended Pareto evolutionary algorithm. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving feeder balancing, this paper analyzes two examples: a self-built 29-node road network and a 9-node distribution network, as well as a 66-node road network and a 33-node distribution network in the Xinjiang region. The results show that the proposed method can effectively guide the charging of electric vehicles and make the load distribution more balanced.

Characteristics of Travel Mode Choice of Families with Children Below Five Years Old

Travel mode choices for children under five years old have not been fully explored in past research studies The main objectives of this study were to identify travel characteristics of children aged below five years, travel mode choices for them, and investigate the factors affecting their selection. A survey using a questionnaire was conducted with parents in the Western Province of Sri Lanka to collect data. It revealed that private cars as the most frequent vehicle choice followed by public buses. The Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis identified the age of the child, distance, income, type of vehicle owned, and walking time to the nearest public transport station as the main factors that affect the travel mode choice of children under five years old. Also, the habit of securing the child and the child’s familiarity with the use of a car seat when traveling in a private car were identified as factors that affect travel safety. The recommendations were provided to policy makers, parents, and the public in order for children to make safer, comfortable, economical, and sustainable trips. KEYWORDS: Travel Mode Choice, Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis, child travel safety, child travel behavior