Organizational Choices Research Articles

Changing focus: How status affects reputation-based comparisons in the evaluation of organizations

Status and reputation both play important roles in the evaluation and choice of organizations. Status is used as a heuristic in the first stage of a two-stage process when decision-makers select a subset of status-proximate organizations, and cognitively costlier reputation-based comparisons take place in the second stage within this subset. Existing status research assumes that the relative importance of different dimensions of reputation in the second stage is not contingent on the status of the organization that is being evaluated. We argue that this assumption is not warranted. Evidence suggests that high status is associated with a focus on gains and opportunities while low status is associated with a focus on downside risks. Similarly, some dimensions of reputation are associated more with upside opportunities while other dimensions of reputation are associated more with downside risks. Consequently, we argue that the emphasis on reputation dimensions associated with upside opportunities relative to dimensions of reputation associated with downside risks is contingent on status, which provides the evaluation frame. We test our hypothesis and provide empirical evidence consistent with our predictions using a sample of 411,530 US applicants to Master of Business Administration programs.

How institutional disruptions impact the choice of MNC subsidiary control systems

PurposeThis study seeks to explicate how institutional disruptions impact multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary control choices. It uses institutional theory to understand the influence of formal and informal institutions across countries on the type of control system employed in an MNC manufacturing subsidiary.Design/methodology/approachThis study’s sample is based on a unique dataset from five trustworthy sources. We use multi-level models to account for the hierarchical nature of the sample of 1,630 multinational subsidiaries spread across 26 host countries by firms from 21 home countries.FindingsThe institutional distance between the host and the home country has a negative relationship with strategic control. In contrast, the home country’s power distance has a positive relationship with strategic control.Originality/valueStudy findings indicate the need to incorporate formal and informal institutional elements in the control system’s conceptual framing and design. This notion complements existing visualizations of optimizing MNC controls through extant articulations of minimizing governance costs through organizational design choices or strategic needs.

Survey of Secure Data Access Control Models in Cloud computing for EHR

Today cloud computing is the first choice of many individuals and different organizations. Computing services offered by different CSP’s are available as per need and the requirement. Most of the healthcare organizations are using cloud services for transmitting, storing and processing electronic health records (EHR) of patients. Patient’s health record is sensitive and there is possibility of violation of privacy by CSP’s. Data access control is one of the best mechanisms to address security issues in cloud computing and ensure the safety, reliability of the system and privacy of the user data. Existing surveys on access control mechanisms in cloud computing focus on all traditional centralized models. However, decentralized access models like block chain with traditional access control model is also used now days for ensuring privacy of EHR. This paper takes the detailed of reviews such existing access control mechanisms in cloud computing, based both types of access control models. Also provides comparisons on each model’s advantages and limitations, and discusses the challenges of, and future research direction for access control.

To vanlige digitaliseringsfloker

Når verden endrer seg gir det offentlige virksomheter både muligheter og utfordringer, men også endrede rammebetingelser. For holde seg relevant må de organisere seg slik at de er i takt med brukernes endrede behov og forventninger. Teamorganisering er den mest dynamiske organisasjonsformen vi kjenner. Mange norske virksomheter velger nettopp å bevege seg mot en teambasert organisering for å holde seg relevant for målgruppene og levere verdi. Denne overgangen er et hamskifte, ikke to graders kursendring som preges ofte av noen digitaliseringsfloker. Artikkelen presenterer to typiske floker: målsetting og lederens rolle og ansvar. Abstract in English In an ever-evolving world, public organizations are confronted with continuous shifts in their operating environment. This presents a spectrum of opportunities and challenges. To maintain relevance in this dynamic landscape, it is imperative that these organizations continuously focus on organizational form to meet the evolving needs and expectations of their users. To our knowledge, team organization is the most dynamic organizational form. Recently, aiming to stay relevant and capitalize on the benefits of digitalization has become a strategic choice for many organizations. This move towards team-based structure is not merely an adjustment but a fundamental transformation, essential for harnessing digitalization's full potential. This transition often encounters two "digitalization tangles”: goal setting, and the roles and responsibilities of leaders. Goals must be tailored to the team organization and cannot follow the traditional matrix organization structure. When goals are set along the axes of expertise and delivery, they create competing objectives, which makes it difficult for teams and individuals to prioritize in their daily work. Leadership in a team-based organization requires a paradigm shift. Leaders must pivot from traditional task-focused management to fostering value creation and team success. This necessitates a nuanced understanding and execution of leadership roles, balancing clear direction and goal setting with the autonomy of task execution. Some leaders struggle in this new context, veering towards either absenteeism or micromanagement, both of which hinder the efficacy of team organization. Successful public organizations that leverage the advantages of digitalization through team organization overcome these challenges. They establish clear, non-conflicting goals, and leaders play an active role in facilitating team success, embracing the evolution of their roles with a learning mindset and commitment. Our experience suggests that thriving in a team organization differs fundamentally from traditional matrix or domain-based forms of organizing. It requires a rethinking of fundamental business aspects, including goal setting and leadership roles.

Determination of the parameters of the general contractor selection model for the successful implementation of the construction project

The authors examined the organization of interaction between the technical customer and the general contracting organization and revealed that it is at the stage of construction of facilities that difficulties arise in the interaction of construction participants, which were not initially taken into account when signing the construction contract. The implementation of the construction project depends on the effective organization of construction. The construction is characterized by dynamism and a high level of coordination of construction participants, which indicates the appearance of additional costs for both the technical customer and the contractor. To reduce the level of possible risks, the authors proposed at the initial stage of construction to exclude or reduce the impact of risk factors associated with the choice of an inefficient sub-row organization. 6 most important and relevant risk factors in the field of interaction between the technical customer and the contractor have been identified and analyzed. Expert surveys were conducted to determine the weight coefficients of damage and the probability of occurrence of risk factors. The reliability of the results was confirmed by calculating the multiple correlation coefficient.

Розробка методології імплементації транзакцій в розподілених системах з мікросервісною архітектурою

The paper describes the analysis of the problems of using microservice architecture in distributed systems. Emphasis is placed on flexibility in the choice of technologies, scalability and organization of teams working on given microservices, technical and domain problems of transaction implementation in comparison with a monolithic system. The main focus is on transactions, as they ensure atomicity, consistency, isolation, and persistence across multiple services. In the process of analyzing modern approaches and solutions for working with transactions in distributed systems, it was found that one of the effective solutions is the use of the Transactional Outbox pattern. Its implementation in the form of Spring starter is presented. The latter is added to the system, configured and facilitates the use of transactions and the publication of events that are part of a transaction in a microservice architecture. The developed methodology for implementing distributed transactions based on message queues, using the above-mentioned starter, is described in detail. The basic configurations and settings of message queues for the correct operation of transactions in distributed systems are defined

Enhancing Decision-Making Accuracy with Predictive Analytics: A Necessity or a Choice?

In today's data-driven world, the deployment of predictive analytics in decision-making processes is not just a technological advancement but a critical strategic asset. This discussion explores whether employing predictive analytics to enhance decision-making accuracy is a necessity or merely a choice for contemporary organizations. In considering whether employing predictive analytics is a necessity or a choice, one must acknowledge the competitive edge and enhanced accuracy it provides to decision-making processes across industries. While organizations may opt to rely on traditional decision-making processes, the ability to analyze vast datasets and predict future trends offers a decisive advantage that is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore. Therefore, for organizations aiming to remain competitive and effective in their decision-making, the integration of predictive analytics is less a choice and more a necessity. Predictive analytics is not merely a tool but a strategic imperative that, when correctly implemented, can significantly enhance decision-making accuracy and efficiency. As data continues to grow in volume and complexity, the necessity of predictive analytics will only become more pronounced, shaping it as an essential element of modern organizational decision-making frameworks.

Competition and Organizational Form Choice - Evidence from Fast-Food Chains

Competition and Organizational Form Choice - Evidence from Fast-Food Chains

Organizational Design Choices for Corporate Incubators

Organizational Design Choices for Corporate Incubators

The decline of the principle of incontestability of the employer’s organisational choices in Italy

The decline of the principle of incontestability of the employer’s organisational choices in Italy

Success Factors in Managing Wastewater Infrastructure through Community Participation (Case Study: Wastewater Infrastructure in Residential Areas of Medan Deli Subdistrict, Medan)

Both central and local governments strive to implement sanitation programs, especially in the management of wastewater infrastructure, with a focus on community involvement from planning to maintenance. The Medan Deli Subdistrict, engaged in wastewater infrastructure management through community participation, faces challenges, including a decline in users and dysfunctional management groups. The limited community involvement also impacts the failure of management. The research was conducted in the Medan Deli Subdistrict using survey and exploration methods. The analysis of survey questionnaire data with the Relative Importance Index (RII) method identified five key success factors, used as research indicators to identify obstacles through structured interviews. The research results show that these factors involve the choice of technology, organization, and leadership, which have proven to have a significant impact. Additionally, service convenience, operator performance, and clean and healthy living habits also prove to be drivers of success in this management. In this context, it can be concluded that technical factors, especially the selection of technology and organization, dominate the success of wastewater management. The success of wastewater infrastructure development through community participation also heavily depends on institutional elements and social approaches. However, after identifying success elements, some analyzed obstacles include the process of selecting technology means that are not in line with the needs and preferences of the community, managers responsible for wastewater infrastructure management often relocating without replacement, hindering the administrative process of management, infrastructure maintenance requiring operators to routinely perform operational functions, and a community that is not fully committed to implementing clean water infrastructure management.

Three-Party Evolutionary Game Analysis of IoT Platform Knowledge Hiding Under Organization Participation from the Perspective of Stakeholders

The 21st century is an era of rapid development of high-tech industry. Through continuous collection and sharing of data, IoT technology connected by things has penetrated into every aspect of human life. Modern organizations find that they increasingly rely on knowledge and information sharing and interconnection to enhance their innovation and development capabilities. Therefore, this paper studies the strategic decision-making of knowledge sharing among employees on the IoT platform drawing on evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs a three-party game model composed of “organization-knowledge sharers-knowledge seekers” from the perspective of stakeholders, and discusses the strategic choice of organization and employee behavior under the dynamic decision mechanism and when the game reaches equilibrium and stability. Moreover, this paper uses MATLAB 2016a to simulate the model. The results show that under the premise of higher organizational rewards, synergistic benefits, high-shared extra income, knowledge-sharing preferences, incentive preferences of the organization, the system is easier to reach the ideal state. With the smaller cost of sharing and incentive, organization and employees are more willing to be motivators and sharers, while the incentive degree of organization should be controlled within a reasonable range. This paper can provide specific theoretical and practical guidance for the practice of organizational knowledge management.

Moving behavioral interventions in nursing homes from planning to action: a work system evaluation of a urinary tract infection toolkit implementation

BackgroundImplementation evaluations based on a hybrid deductive-inductive approach provide a detailed understanding of organizational choices to introduce and implement complex interventions and may help explain implementation success or failure. However, such evaluations may not be feasible due to resource constraints. Qualitative analyses of artifacts collected for other purposes during implementation may represent a cost-effective method to understand program implementation when robust evaluations are not feasible. This study used a work systems evaluation of how nursing homes (NHs) implemented a urinary tract infection (UTI) recognition and management improvement toolkit.MethodsThirty NHs participated in a randomized control trial in which intervention NHs (n = 12) were assigned a clinical coach who employed a standard template to structure coach calls with the NH champion. A hybrid inductive-deductive approach, using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, characterized three action domains related to (1) engagement of staff and providers, (2) distribution of toolkit elements, and (3) toolkit use.ResultsA total of 369 coded segments from 148 coach notes generated by three coaches working with 18 NH champions were examined. Planned changes (n = 203) were more frequent compared to actual changes (n = 169). While most NHs quickly engaged staff and providers, which leadership appeared to support, engagement actions were hindered in some NHs due to champion instability or extended champion or medical director absences. Dissemination of materials to family and providers and distribution of tools to staff occurred quickly in 75% of NHs, although delays were encountered in some NHs, usually because of champion instability.ConclusionsImplementing NH practice change is challenging, and studies examining actions to support planned versus actual change in this setting are limited. The application of the SEIPS model to coach notes collected during the implementation of a structured behavioral intervention to improve the recognition and management of UTI in NHs generated unique insights into the work system and how staff attempted to implement changes. This study identified several factors that interfered with progression from planning to actual change. Future studies are needed to better understand how to best support change interventions in NHs.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03520010, Registered May 9, 2018.

Management Approaches to Health and Safety at Work during Prevention Intervention Planning.

This work deals with a systematic review of the literature data concerning the theme of integrated approaches to occupational health and safety management, with particular reference to the programming of assistance plans, which guide companies' organizational choices by also addressing the principles of Total Worker Health. In the current regulatory framework on this issue, the UNI ISO 45001: 2018 standard "Occupational health and safety management systems-Requirements and guidance for use" (published on 12 March 2018)" assumes relevance, defining dynamic approaches to occupational health and safety management systems-paying particular attention to external contextual factors that may influence corporate organizational decisions. The adoption of these systems is not mandatory but allows companies to fulfill their duties in terms of health and safety at work through an organizational approach aimed at the awareness, involvement, and participation of all subjects of the company prevention system, progressing past the phase of mere technological and prescriptive approaches towards a holistic vision of prevention that places the person at the center of preventive actions. In this context, the role of institutional networks and socio-economic partnerships assumes particular importance via the activation of territorial assistance interventions to support companies aimed at improving risk management levels. To this end, the importance of verifying the effectiveness of assistance interventions emerges from the scientific debate using indicators such as quantitative indicators aimed at measuring the performance of all phases of an intervention, with particular attention to their effects in terms of the improved solutions developed.

The interdependence between the choice of fixed-term professional workers and the control environment

Many organizations have professional employees on fixed-term and ongoing employment contracts. While hiring employees on fixed-term contracts offers organizations operational flexibility and other benefits, it also brings about challenges in the form of relatively lower goal alignment and ability of these employees, thus creating the need for management controls. At the same time, given the costs and constraints of designing and implementing a control system, we expect that the planned use of fixed-term workers would be affected by the type of control environment that organizations are willing or able to create. Hence, this study investigates whether an organization's choice of its control environment and its use of fixed-term professional employees are interdependent (i.e., made jointly). Using surveys from different sources and archival data from the education sector, we find that some types of controls (i.e., action controls and organizational culture) and the organization's choice of using fixed-term employees are interdependent, while other controls (i.e., employee selection practices and results control) are independent of this choice. We also find that the interdependence between the choice of using fixed-term employees and the control environment is generally weaker when organizations use fixed-term contracts as an implicit screening mechanism for ongoing employment. Finally, in additional analysis, we find evidence that the interdependence between controls and the use of fixed-term employees is primarily due to concerns related to goal alignment rather than ability.

The Role Of Women In Actualizing Themselves In The Life Of The Medan City Community

North Sumatra has a population of 14.8 million people, and Medan municipality has 2.4 million people, consisting of 1.21 million men and 1.22 million women. Women are more than men, with the assumption that self-actualization is more shown by women. The purpose of this study is how the role of women in self-actualizing in the life of the Medan city community. This research uses data collection methods through qualitative methods of case study interviews through informants. The subjects of this research are 4 women who are members of the IWAPI Organization, FKMI. The results showed that women's self-actualization is the potential of a person, especially women, to be realized and maximize their potential, in this case the women in the IWAPI Organization, FKMI and have chosen and determined the choice of organization as a suitable forum and are able to position themselves as self-actualizing women. The self-actualization of women in IWAPI, FKMI and these organizations is not at all hampered by the existence of government regulations or government policies that are discriminatory. Based on observations and documentation data from women researchers in the IWAPI Organization, FKMI that along with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, encourages self-improvement through self-actualization in the family and community life of Medan city.

Do municipal unions improve cost efficiency for the social function? A quasi‐experimental endogenous stochastic frontier approach

AbstractHomogeneous national policies can generate heterogeneous effects on the territory. This paper aims to verify the impact of the entry of single Italian municipalities into an inter‐municipal association on the unitary costs of the social services supplied to the local communities. Panel cost stochastic frontier model in the presence of endogeneity has been introduced based on two pillars: a counterfactual setting to verify the aggregation effects concerning a set of similar municipalities and the use of a cost efficiency estimation methodology which considers the endogeneity of output with respect to cost. The results of our analysis show that the effects of adopting associated forms of service delivery can be very multifaceted and diversified according to the typology and the degree of implementation of the Municipal Union itself. The analysis sheds light on the effects of municipalities' organisational choices, addressing the consolidation of small municipalities not in binary terms but also—and above all—suggesting that it is the type of union that impacts the possibility of convergence towards greater cost efficiency.

Hubungan Asosiasi Antara Daerah Asal Mahasiswa Dalam Keaktifan Berorganisasi Di Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

In simple terms, an organization can be defined as a unit that serves as a container or means to achieve various goals or objectives. It has many components that underlie it, including many people, work relationships, job specialization, and rational awareness of members according to their respective abilities and specializations. However, student activity in organizations is influenced by the origin of the students because each region has different cultural values. The origin of students determines the choice of organizations and organizational activity followed. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the origin of students and organizational activity on the campus of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This research uses a questionnaire research method using Google Forms. The population subjects in this study were all students of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University by taking a sample of 56 students. Data collection techniques used multiple-choice questions consisting of only 2 valid and reliable questions.

Development of a visual recurrence prevention tool

ABSTRACT Lower education levels among addiction treatment service users poses a significant communication barrier in addiction treatment. We sought to develop a new visual educational resource to support recurrence prevention among those seeking alcohol dependency treatment. Eighty-six Canadian addiction counseling professionals provided feedback on the model developed based upon five principles of evidence-based visuals: content, cognitive load, writing style, organization, and color choice. Thematic analysis revealed overwhelmingly positive feedback for the infographic as a resource that could benefit service users with poor educational backgrounds or for whom English was not their first language. Specific feedback and critique were used to generate an enhanced visual resource that combines science communication theory with clinical expertise of addiction counselor in order to reinforce complex ideas in a simpler manner.

Factors Associated with Adherence to the Brazilian Food Guide in Food Service Workers.

The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with adherence to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (GAPB) among food service workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 421 employees from 43 food service establishments located in a capital of Brazil. Health and lifestyle data were collected, including the continuous use of medication, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. An instrument based on the GAPB was utilized, covering the domains of planning, household organization, eating habits, and food choices, according to GAPB recommendations. The findings revealed a direct association between the quality of life scores and the total GAPB adherence score (β = 1.17; p < 0.001), as well as the domains of planning (β = 0.53; p < 0.001), household organization (β = 0.22; p = 0.001), and eating habits (β = 0.38; p < 0.001). Adherence to the GAPB among food service workers was strongly linked to their perception of quality of life, in addition to other factors such as gender, age, education, type of work activity, and variables of lifestyle. Therefore, the eating practices of these employees need to be assessed comprehensively, and enhancing their quality of life can encourage proper and healthy eating.