Mode Choice Research Articles

Urinary Retention Evaluation and Catheterization Algorithm for Adult Inpatients

Acute urinary retention (UR) is common, yet variations in diagnosis and management can lead to inappropriate catheterization and harm. To develop an algorithm for screening and management of UR among adult inpatients. In this mixed-methods study using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and qualitative interviews, an 11-member multidisciplinary expert panel of nurses and physicians from across the US used a formal multi-round process from March to May 2015 to rate 107 clinical scenarios involving diagnosis and management of adult UR in postoperative and medical inpatients. The panel ratings informed the first algorithm draft. Semistructured interviews were conducted from October 2020 to May 2021 with 33 frontline clinicians-nurses and surgeons from 5 Michigan hospitals-to gather feedback and inform algorithm refinements. Panelists categorized scenarios assessing when to use bladder scanners, catheterization at various scanned bladder volumes, and choice of catheterization modalities as appropriate, inappropriate, or uncertain. Next, qualitative methods were used to understand the perceived need, usability, and potential algorithm uses. The 11-member expert panel (10 men and 1 woman) used the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method to develop a UR algorithm including the following: (1) bladder scanners were preferred over catheterization for UR diagnosis in symptomatic patients or starting as soon as 3 hours since last void if asymptomatic, (2) bladder scanner volumes appropriate to prompt catheterization were 300 mL or greater in symptomatic patients and 500 mL or greater in asymptomatic patients, and (3) intermittent was preferred to indwelling catheterization for managing lower bladder volumes. Interview findings were organized into 3 domains (perceived need, feedback on algorithm, and implementation suggestions). The 33 frontline clinicians (9 men and 24 women) who reviewed the algorithm reported that an evidence-based protocol (1) was needed and could be helpful to clinicians, (2) should be simple and graphically appealing to improve rapid clinician review, and (3) should be integrated within the electronic medical record and prominently displayed in hospital units to increase awareness. The draft algorithm was iteratively refined based on stakeholder feedback. In this study using a systematic, multidisciplinary, evidence- and expert opinion-based approach, a UR evaluation and catheterization algorithm was developed to improve patient safety by increasing appropriate use of bladder scanners and catheterization. This algorithm addresses the need for practical guidance to manage UR among adult inpatients.

Correlation of the Socio-Demographic Variables to Travel Behaviour and Mode Choice in Cities of Least Developed Countries- Case Study, Urban Neighbourhoods in Aden, Yemen

This case study focuses on the city of Aden, Yemen, where a large segment of the population relies on the semi-formal public transportation due to various sociodemographic and economic factors. The study specifically investigates the inner urban area of Al Mansoura in Aden. To understand travel behavior and mode choice in this area, the research employs a mixed methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches through a case study design. Primary data about the area of interest were collected through field observations, interviews, questionnaires, GIS mapping, and street audits. In addition, a novel mapping of the semi-formal transportation lines was produced for the first time in the city. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using statistical analysis methods. The results indicate a correlation between sociodemographic variables and travel behavior and mode choice, particularly in terms of income and gender. Low-income individuals tend to use public transport, while those with higher incomes prefer private vehicles. Additionally, females generally drive less than males and generally have less mobility due to cultural and educational factors; fewer responsibilities outside the home. However, a small number of females who use private vehicles tend to work.

ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION MODE CHOICE IN MALANG CITY USING MULTINOMIAL LOGISTICS METHOD

In every urban area, especially in the Malang area, modes of transportation are increasingly diverse, ranging from private vehicles, public transportation, to online-based transportation. This research aims to determine the choice of transportation mode using the multinominal logistics method. With this type of quantitative research and data sources through surveys conducted in 5 sub-districts of Malang City using the multinominal logistics method. The research results showed that 11% of respondents went from home to another place for work using private transportation, 3% of respondents were still students. 88% of working respondents and housewives chose public transportation, 97% of whom were still students. 9% of respondents who work and are housewives use online vehicles while 0% are still students. Keywords: Daily Activities; Household; Multinomial Logistic Regression; Mode Choice; Spatial.

Strengths and Limitations of Different Teaching Modes:

Whether in language teaching or elsewhere, sustainable attainment of a pedagogical goal is closely related to a successful teaching mode. In a bid to have a gambit in a teaching procedure with a proper choice of a teaching mode, a teacher is expected to be well acquainted with the strengths and limitations of the prevailing teaching modes. Regarding this, over the years researchers have made efforts in exploring the immense ideological horizons, while in our country, still, lecture mode is the most commonly found one. Along with making thorough study of different aspects of various teaching modes, this current study scrutinizes some practical cases and examples in the academic context of Bangladesh. It attempts to recommend the optimum success level of lecture mode and to which extent lecture mode needs to be alternated or to be assimilated with others as well as how to minimize the weakness of it and ensure the maximum potentiality of the other teaching modes, basing on the established ideas in this field and the empirical studies done by these authors.

Characterization of anti-seizure medication reduction and discontinuation rates following epilepsy surgery

ObjectiveMany patients pursue epilepsy surgery with the hope of reducing or stopping anti-seizure medications (ASMs), in addition to reducing their seizure frequency and severity. While ASM decrease is primarily driven by surgical outcomes and patient preferences, preoperative estimates of meaningful ASM reduction or discontinuation are uncertain, especially when accounting for the various forking paths possible following intracranial EEG (iEEG), including resection, neuromodulation, or even the absence of further surgery. Here, we characterize in detail the ASM reduction in a large cohort of patients who underwent iEEG, facilitating proactive, early counseling for a complicated cohort considering surgical treatment. MethodsWe identified a multi-institutional cohort of patients who underwent iEEG between 2001 and 2022, with a minimum of two years follow-up. The total number of ASMs prescribed immediately prior to surgery, choice of investigation modality, and subsequent surgical treatment were extracted for each patient. Primary endpoints included decreases in ASM counts from preoperative baseline to various follow-up intervals. ResultsA total of 284 patients were followed for a median of 6.0 (range 2,22) years after iEEG surgery. Patients undergoing resection saw an average reduction of ∼ 0.5 ASMs. Patients undergoing neuromodulation saw no decrease and trended towards requiring increased ASM usage during long-term follow-up. Only patients undergoing resection were likely to completely discontinue all ASMs, with an increasing probability over time approaching ∼ 10 %. Up to half of resection patients saw ASM decreases, which was largely stable during long-term follow-up, whereas only a quarter of neuromodulation patients saw a reduction, though their ASM reduction decreased over time. ConclusionsWith the increasing use of stereotactic EEG and non-curative neuromodulation procedures, realistic estimates of ASM reduction and discontinuation should be considered preoperatively. Almost half of patients undergoing resective surgery can expect to reduce their ASMs, though only a tenth can expect to discontinue ASMs completely. If reduction is not seen early, it likely does not occur later during long-term follow-up. Less than a third of patients undergoing neuromodulation can expect ASM reduction, and instead most may require increased usage during long-term follow-up.

Дослідження режимів розгону автомобіля Skoda Octavia на роликовому стенді

As you know, the main characteristics that determine the state of the power unit are the power level and torque. These parameters affect the dynamic qualities of the car and can also play a role in fuel consumption and emission levels. To check these characteristics, traction roller stands of the inertial type are used. These stands allow you to simulate real traffic conditions and loads. Usually, on such stands, the traction force on the driving wheels is measured, which makes it easy to calculate the power in certain driving modes. However, creating a full-fledged load on the driving wheels of the car being diagnosed requires the use of powerful loading and driving devices. This significantly increases the cost of the stand and its metal content. An alternative to this method is the compressed acceleration method. In this method, the load is created by a relatively small inertial mass together with a loading and driving device of moderate power. The diagnostic parameter in this method can be traction force on the wheels, acceleration, time or path of acceleration of the wheels in the selected speed range. For measurement accuracy, it is better to use acceleration time. However, all the advantages of the method can be manifested only with the correct choice of test modes. During testing, results depend on the accuracy and stability of maintaining the test mode. Acceleration time will be measured more accurately, the slower the wheels and rollers of the stand accelerate. During the tests, it is necessary to choose the high-speed measurement mode to ensure a sufficiently stable torque value. The article analyzes the acceleration modes of a car on a roller stand and their influence on the accuracy of diagnostics. The smallest error is achieved when measuring acceleration time from 50 to 70 km/h in IV gear with additional load or in V gear without load.

Road–Rail Intermodal Travel Mode Choice Behavior Considering Attitude Factors

Road–rail intermodal transportation (RRIT) leverages the advantages of multiple transport modes and is crucial for addressing the current issue of imbalanced development in the transportation sector. However, passengers’ behavior in choosing RRIT remains unclear, and it is necessary to optimize travel service quality through analyzing RRIT choice behavior based on user perceptions. This study designed a stated preference experiment that included both direct and multi-modal travel options. A hybrid choice model considering attitude variables was constructed, and four latent attitude variables—convenience, economy, comfort, and riskiness—were extracted to analyze their impact on intercity travel mode choice behavior under conditions of ticket booking uncertainty. The results revealed that the ticket booking success rate is a critical factor in travelers’ decision-making. Passengers tend to choose travel options with higher ticket booking success rates, even if it entails a slight increase in the ticket prices for the high-speed rail to high-speed rail transfer option. The attitude variables significantly influence intercity travel mode choice behavior, with travelers generally exhibiting a preference for risk avoidance in their travel options. Moreover, there are differences among various groups of travelers in their preferences and demands for the convenience, economy, and comfort aspects of travel options. These research findings can enhance our understanding of the key factors influencing the selection of RRIT services, thereby supporting RRIT designers and planners in improving service quality and facilitating the future growth of RRIT.

Travel Mode Choice Prediction to Pursue Sustainable Transportation and Enhance Health Parameters Using R

Travel mode choice (TMC) prediction, improving health parameters, and promoting sustainable transportation systems are crucial for urban planners and policymakers. Past studies show the influence of health on activities, while several studies use multitasking activities and physical activity intensity to study the association between time use and activity travel participation (TU and ATP) and health outcomes. Limited studies have been conducted on the use of transport modes as intermediate variables to study the influence of TU and ATP on health parameters. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate urban dependency on different transport modes used for daily activities and its influence on health parameters to promote a greener and healthier society and a sustainable transportation system. Pearson’s Chi-squared test was used for transport mode classification, and multinominal logit models were used for regression using R programming. A total of five models were developed for motorized, non-motorized, public transport, physical, and social health to study the correlation between transport modes and health parameters. The statistical analysis results show that socio-demographic and economic variables have a strong association with TMC in which younger, male, workers and high-income households are more dependent on motorized transport. It was found that a unit rise in high-income causes a 4.5% positive increase in motorized transport, whereas it negatively influences non-motorized and public transport by 4.2% and 2.2%, respectively. These insights might be useful for formulating realistic plans to encourage individuals to use active transport that will promote sustainable transportation systems and a healthier society.

Modalitas dalam sambutan Presiden Joko Widodo dalam peluncuran govtech Indonesia linguistik fungsional sistemik

This research examines President Joko Widodo's speech at the launch of GovTech Indonesia using the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). This research aims to determine the use of modalities in the president's speech. The theory used in this research uses the theory of Halliday and Matthiessen (2004). The method used is a qualitative method with descriptive presentation. The findings in this research show that President Joko Widodo's welcoming text at the launch of GovTech Indonesia uses medium to high modalities, with the modalities of want, must, and also will. Overall, the choice of modality in President Joko Widodo's speech text reflects a measurable communication strategy which is the main key to making the message in the President's speech stronger and more influential. This aims to represent President Joko Widodo's ability to carry out his vision, plans and future improvements for the better welfare of the Indonesian state.

Shared low-speed autonomous vehicles for short-distance trips: agent-based modeling with mode choice analysis

ABSTRACT Previous research has envisioned behavior changes with the availability of shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) services. It is expected that SAVs will compete with conventional human-driven vehicles and lead to a shift in mode share. If designed as single-occupancy, low-speed, and lightweight, SAVs can also be considered a micro-mobility mode targeting short-distance trips in geofencing areas, which has been lacking in discussion in the state-of-the-art literature. To address this gap, this study envisions changes in mode choice with the implementation of a single-occupancy Shared Low-speed Light-weight Autonomous Mobility (SLLAM) system deployed, serving trips at speeds below 25 mph. Agent-based simulations are conducted to evaluate the mode share of the SLLAM system. The findings demonstrate that the SLLAM system has the potential to serve 36.98% of the trip demand in the study area. Increased operating speeds enhance the SLLAM mode share, making it a more attractive option for existing private vehicle trips.

Consumers' environmental awareness and endogenous managerial delegation choice between sales and environmental incentives

This study considers consumers' environmental awareness (CEA) and examines firms' managerial delegation contracts between sales and environmental performance incentives under different competition modes. Under sales delegation contracts, quantity competition yields higher sales incentives and better environmental performance, whereas welfare depends on marginal environmental damage. Under environmental delegation contracts, however, price competition yields higher environmental incentives and welfare, whereas environmental performance depends on CEA. Then, we discover that environmental delegation contracts result in higher abatement levels and better environmental and social performances than sales delegation contracts, regardless of competition modes; bilateral environmental (sales) delegation contracts can be an equilibrium in an endogenous delegation choice game when CEA is high (low). Finally, we examine a successive endogenous competition mode choice game and determine that unless CEA is sufficiently high, firms choose a quantity contract followed by either sales or environmental delegation contracts, leading to socially undesirable outcomes.

Cause marketing decisions in supply chains: cause effect and marketing effect

This paper studies a cause marketing (CM) design problem incorporating donation amount, marketing expenditure, and product pricing as decision variables in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain context. We investigate five CM decision models: centralized supply chain conducting CM (Model C), manufacturer conducting CM (Model M), retailer conducting CM (Model R), manufacturer leading CM collaboration (Model MC), and retailer leading CM collaboration (Model RC). The models incorporate not only the ‘cause effect’ of consumers' increased willingness to purchase but also the ‘marketing effect’, meaning the market-base expansion associated with marketing efforts in a CM campaign. A key insight is that CM should never be adopted in the absence of marketing effect but can be adopted in the absence of cause effect. Comparing different models reveals that there can be consistency or conflict in CM mode choice among supply chain members. It is also found that an influencing parameter in CM collaboration is the allocation proportion of marketing expenditure rather than that of donation amount. These results indicate that the marketing effect, which has long been neglected in the literature, is a driving factor for firms to conduct CM, and the impact of corresponding marketing efforts should be emphasised.

Travel mode choices of residents in developing cities: A case study of Lusaka, Zambia

Travel mode choices of residents in developing cities: A case study of Lusaka, Zambia

Who uses night trains and why? A mixed-method study profiling night train users in Switzerland

Addressing air travel demand is a key open challenge in transitioning to a low-carbon society. In Switzerland, where most flights are from/to nearby European countries, their substitution with night train services is a promising alternative. However, still little research investigates whether the demand for night trains is well-established and the motivations behind it. We aim to bridge this gap through a mixed-method study involving 389 Swiss residents who travelled by night train in 2022/23. A web survey was first conducted to identify latent classes of participants based on their daily and long-distance travel mode choices and evaluate relevant predictors of class membership. Participants of each class were then randomly selected to be involved in an in-depth interview on personal experiences and motivations underlying their choices. Results identify three classes of travellers distinguished by a predominant use of rail and public transport (greens), mixed long-distance travel mode choices and car-oriented daily mobility (pragmatists), preference for flying combined with public transport and active daily mobility (dissonants). Travel cost reduction is the only motivation significantly differentiating pragmatists and dissonants from the greens. This result suggests that fluctuations in ticket prices are the main driving force in shifting demand from flights to night trains.

The impact of live-streaming interactivity on live-streaming sales mode based on game-theoretic analysis

Many manufacturers who sell products through e-tailers in e-commerce channels launch a real-time interactivity live-streaming channel. The live-streaming interactivity includes consumer-streamer interaction (CSI) and consumer-consumer interaction (CCI). Thus, manufacturers generally hire influential streamers to expand the market size (i.e., Mode L) to improve live-streaming interactivity. However, some manufacturers act as streamers, i.e., merchant live-streaming mode (Mode M), to save the commission costs of hiring influential streamers. Therefore, we explore the manufacturer's live-streaming sales mode choice from a live-streaming interaction perspective through a game-theoretic method. We find when CCI is more positive (negative), Mode L is more helpful (unhelpful) in alleviating the double marginal effect of e-commerce channels than Mode M, increasing (reducing) e-commerce demand, and ultimately increasing (damaging) the e-tailer's profit. However, the size relationship between live-streaming prices in the two sales modes also relies on the streamer's commission rate, in addition to CCI. Finally, the conditions for the manufacturer to profit from either mode rest on the streamer's commission rate and CCI.

Fare-free, not carefree: care mobilities in a fare-free public transport system in Tallinn

The implementation of fare-free public transport (FFPT) in Tallinn (Estonia) in 2013 sparked international media, policy, and academic interest in best practices, funding structures, and ridership. Initial studies showed marginal effects on modal shift, but increased travel by low-income households, and by younger and older passengers. Yet, the assumed social impact of FFPT has since been under-researched. Based on qualitative research with 22 transport-dependent users, including two semi-structured interviews and a seven-day travel diary, this study examines the daily experiences, mobility constraints, and travel practices of care mobilities, i.e., journeys made to care for others or a household. Findings indicate that the absence of fares, although a relative variable in modal choice, allows carers expanded activity spaces, independence from car ownership, and easier coordination of care tasks. I propose to frame accessibility as a relational process emerging from passengers’ encounters and the practices adopted to navigate shared spaces. With this, I argue that understanding public transport use and experiences at a micro-level offers an intersectional and justice lens to commuter-oriented transport and neoliberal urban planning policies.

An Analysis of Mode Choice Decisions for Long-Distance Recreational Travel in India

An Analysis of Mode Choice Decisions for Long-Distance Recreational Travel in India

Combining telemedicine and in-person visits to deliver care to patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD): Lessons learned from COVID-19.

Telemedicine has been widely used to deliver healthcare to outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of this modality is unclear in patients with a pre-dialysis stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and management of CKD patients receiving telemedicine care during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective single-center cohort study enrolled outpatients with pre-dialytic stage of CKD from March 9 to June 21, 2020. Telemedicine was proposed for all patients with a stable CKD to reduce the risk of in-hospital transmission whereas in-person visit was performed for patients requiring urgent evaluation. In a 15-week period, 97 patients received 116 nephrological visits. According to the modality of healthcare delivery, the patients were subdivided into telemedicine (66%) and in-person visit (34%) groups. Mean age of all CKD patients was 72.8 ± 12.5 years and males were 50.5% of the population. The average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 14.6±6 mL/min. Patients evaluated by telemedicine had better kidney function (GFR, 16.2±6.4 vs. 13.6±5.9 mL/min/1.73m2; p=0.037), a lower body mass index (BMI) (24.1 ± 1.7 vs. 30.6 ± 5.7; p=0.019), and a lower risk of CKD progression (51.1 vs. 25.4%, p=0.017) than patients requiring in-person visit. Telemedicine-visit patients experienced a significantly lower number of pharmacological changes than patients managed in the ambulatory setting. Telemedicine was also used to conduct 20% of educational meetings on the choice of dialysis modality and 18.9% of pre-eligibility visits for kidney transplantation. Telemedicine made it possible to provide care to and maintain close monitoring of 2/3 of patients with pre-dialytic stage of CKD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Street connectivity and active mobility in emerging economies: disparities of socioeconomic features and travel behavior in sprawling versus compact urban neighbourhoods

ABSTRACT Our knowledge of urban sprawl and its relationship with urban mode choices in the context of developing countries is limited. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of travel behaviour, socioeconomic features of residents in sprawling and compact areas as two different types of neighbourhoods Hamedan and Nowshahr, Iran. Also, this study analysed the relationship between street connectivity with the use of active mobility. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were generated for trips in these two cities, which is complemented by chi-squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests to evaluate the similarities and dissimilarities of travel behaviour and other socioeconomic characteristics among the residents of compact and sprawling neighbourhoods. A significant relationship was observed between street connectivity and active mobility in all kinds of commuting and non-commuting trips inside and outside of neighbourhoods when age, gender, car ownership, and monthly income are controlled in the models of the two cities.

Comparative Analysis of Braces and Aligners: Long-Term Orthodontic Outcomes.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term results of orthodontic treatment with traditional braces and Invisalign, with a particular emphasis on treatment length, patient satisfaction, correction of malocclusion, and long-term stability. Between 2020 and 2022, individuals who had orthodontic treatment at a tertiary care center had their data analysed. Patients with mild to severe malocclusions treated with conventional braces or Invisalign between the ages of 12 and 18 met the inclusion criteria. Assessments were done on results, length of treatment, degree of malocclusion, and long-term stability. With significance set at P < 0.05, statistical analyses comprised t-tests for treatment duration and Chi-square testing for malocclusion correction. The mean treatment time for Invisalign was much shorter (18 months) than for conventional braces (24 months) (P < 0.001). With 88-90% success rates, both techniques demonstrated remarkable success rates in malocclusion treatment. Even though Invisalign was associated with a somewhat greater percentage of relapse instances, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, Invisalign showed a much shorter treatment period than conventional braces, yet both showed excellent malocclusion correction. The choice of modality should be based on patient satisfaction, treatment objectives, and case complexity, taking into account the trade-offs between treatment length and potential variations in long-term stability.