Joint Choice Research Articles

Joint Choice of Fresh Food Purchase Channels and Terminal Delivery Service: A Background on Major Public Health Events

Joint Choice of Fresh Food Purchase Channels and Terminal Delivery Service: A Background on Major Public Health Events

Modeling the joint choice behavior of commuters’ travel mode and parking options for private autonomous vehicles

Difficulty in finding parking spaces and high parking fees discourage private car usage. Fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) capable of self-parking away from destinations will likely remove this barrier. Despite extensive survey-based research on AVs in recent years, existing literature has not sufficiently addressed the potential impact of new parking options on the demand for these vehicles. This study explores commuters’ joint choice of travel mode and parking for private autonomous vehicles (PAVs). To this end, a stated choice (SC) experiment was designed and deployed in the city of Beijing, China. Attitudinal statements were also designed to measure four latent variables: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived safety, and attitude toward waiting. Using a hybrid choice model framework, the estimation results reveal that the choice of letting the PAV self-park at a non-destination location is significantly influenced by the location of such parking, the potential delay in re-taking the vehicle, and the fuel/energy consumption to and from the non-destination parking place. Attitudes toward AVs also play a crucial role, with perceived safety and perceived usefulness having the greatest impact. Our results can help managers and planners understand how PAVs affect people’s travel mode choices and the corresponding parking options and assist them in developing strategies in preparation for the widespread use of AVs.

Role of car segment and fuel type in the choice of alternative fuel vehicles: A cross-nested logit model for the English market

In this article, we study the role of car segment and fuel type in the choice of alternative fuel vehicles and in the prediction of its market. For this purpose, we propose a joint choice cross-nested logit model to understand the demand for alternative fuel vehicles (AFV) and to study substitutional patterns between fuel types and vehicle segments with a full revealed preference approach, using only publicly available real data at disaggregate (household) level in England. Our results show that, as hypothesised, fuel type choice is not independent from car segment choice. The correlation patterns in the chosen specification reveal that individual car alternatives belonging to the same car segment are strongly correlated, while a weaker correlation exists between alternatives from different segments which share the same fuel type. The results suggest that creating awareness for cleaner fuel alternatives might be more effective if a targeted approach that considers these substitutional patterns is used. From a policy standpoint, while purchase prices play an important role and government policies have been concentrated in reducing the gap between ICE vehicles and AFVs in this dimension, our models stress the relevance of the operating cost variable, suggesting that its effect might also be crucial in the purchase decision.

The Role of Women in the Legislature in Aceh Tamiang

This study expects to determine from the Job of Ladies in the Regulative Organization of the Provincial Nation's Delegate Board of Aceh Tamiang Rule. This examination is helpful to decide the degree of the job of ladies in the council. The sort of exploration utilized is subjective examination, subjective examination is a strategy to investigate and comprehend the implying that various people or gatherings credit to social or helpful issues. The methodology utilized in this study is an unmistakable methodology. The enlightening strategy can be finished up as a technique that intends to portray or depict what is happening on the ground efficiently with realities with exact translation and interrelated information, and not exclusively to look for unadulterated fact of the matter however basically look for understanding. The consequences of this study show that ladies' support in the council in the Aceh Tamiang Rule DPRD has been executed as seen from the accompanying viewpoints: 1). APBD arranging is helped out through the phases of the APBD arranging cycle to settle on a joint choice in spending plan readiness through the proposition submitted. As well as OPD programs that are consolidated into PPAS programs. 2) The assurance of the local financial plan has been executed through legal arrangements and.3). Execution of management and arrangements of neighborhood states and local projects through Bapempeda.

A Weibit-Based sequential transit assignment model based on hyperpath graph and generalized extreme value network representation

This study aims to develop a weibit-based stochastic transit assignment model for situations in which passengers’ travel choice strategies are stochastic. The weibit choice model, which was originally developed for the stochastic traffic assignment problem, is adapted using a hyperpath graph network representation. Unlike the traditional logit model, the weibit model can account for the homogeneous perception variance problem. Besides, a joint choice network representation originated from the network generalized extreme value (N-GEV) model, known as the GEV network, is adopted to depict the correlation among the arcs within the hypergraph consisting of all efficient hyperpaths. The GEV network uses a link-based parameter, the degree of membership, to capture the overlap effect, which is thus well incorporated with the link-based transit assignment approach. For implementation, a link-based stochastic network loading approach is proposed for solving the weibit-based transit assignment model in the sequential process. This sequential assignment approach does not need to enumerate and store the transit hyperpaths in the solution process. This model is then extended to a stochastic transit equilibrium model under congestion conditions, which is formulated as a fixed-point problem. Thus, a recent fast line-search scheme, i.e., the Barzilai and Borwein step-size, is adopted for solving the stochastic transit equilibrium model. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the features of the proposed weibit-based stochastic transit assignment model. A real transit network is used to demonstrate the algorithm efficiency and the detailed results of the weibit-based transit equilibrium model.

Assessing impacts of the built environment on mobility: A joint choice model of travel mode and duration

This paper introduces a joint choice model for travel mode and duration to quantify the mobility impacts of urban design changes on the built environment. The model is formulated as a Random Forest classifier that predicts the mode-duration probabilities of a given trip. A novel series of predictor features are proposed which measure the urban form, demographics, and service densities on different scales of the transportation network. Through a sensitivity analysis and a proof-of-concept case study, we find that a dense, mixed-use environment with good coverage of a multi-modal mobility network can significantly promote active transportation and public transit use. However, we also find that ultra-dense, centralized developments can lead to increased travel time and increased vehicle use in the urban periphery. Our modeling and analysis method provides a simplified and effective way to assess urban design and planning scenarios from different mobility perspectives and facilitates data-driven, mobility-aware urban design and planning that can help identify better solutions more quickly.

Food choice behavior of adolescents under parent-child interaction in the context of US school lunch programs

A relatively new trend in school feeding programs around the world is procuring food from local producers. However, little is known about student preferences for locally sourced food in school meals and how the interaction between parent and student preferences for locally sourced items influence joint school lunch decisions. We conducted a nationwide survey in the U.S. that embeds a school lunch discrete choice experiment. Results indicate that students and parents would prefer that locally produced items be added to school lunch menus. However, while parent and student preferences align on some aspects of locally sourced meal elements, their preferences are not identical, with parents displaying a higher willingness to pay for locally sourced vegetables and students displaying a higher willingness to pay for locally sourced fruit. Joint choices are influenced by both parties. Parents dominate the joint outcomes when the household income is lower, when students eat school lunch more frequently and in dyads featuring a female parent and female student compared to male parent-male student dyads. Our findings emphasize why analyzing joint parent-student food choice behavior, rather than individual choices, is vital to understand participation in school feeding programs and hold implications for efforts to promote locally sourced food elements in school meals and the role of parent engagement in that process.

Optimal curbside pricing for managing ride-hailing pick-ups and drop-offs

Recent years have witnessed the rise of ride-hailing mobility services thanks to ubiquitous emerging technologies. Curbside spaces, as a category of public infrastructure, are being used by private ride-hailing services to pick up and drop off passengers, in addition to deliveries and parking access. This becomes quite common in urban areas and has led to additional congestion for ride-hailing, private and public transit vehicles on the driving lanes. Curb utilization by various traffic modes further alters travelers’ choices in modes/routes, clogging streets and polluting urban environment. However, there is a lack of theories and models to evaluate the effects of curbside ride-hailing stops in regional networks and to effectively manage ride-hailing pick-ups and drop-offs for system optimum. In view of this, this paper develops a bi-modal network traffic assignment model considering both private driving and ride-hailing modes who are competing for roads and curb spaces in general networks. To model the impact of limited curbside capacity to through traffic, a curbside queuing model is utilized to quantify the effect of congestion on both curbs and driving lanes induced by curbside stops in terms of waiting time and queue lengths. Travelers make joint choices of modes (driving or ride-hailing), curb stopping locations or parking locations. In addition, this study explores the option to regulate the amount of curbside stops to improve system performance, which is done by imposing a location-specific stopping fee on ride-hailing trips for using curbs to pick-up and drop-off. The curb pricing would influence travelers’ modal choices and parking location choices. To determine the optimal curbside pricing, a sensitivity analysis-based method is developed to minimize the total social cost of the network among all trips. The proposed methods are examined on three networks. We find that the optimal curbside pricing could effectively reduce curbside congestion and total social cost of the traffic system, benefiting all trips in the network.

Modeling traveler’s speed-route joint choice behavior with heterogeneous safety concern

In this study, a speed-route joint choice model considering traveler’s safety concerns is proposed to concurrently model traveler’s safety-oriented travel speed and route choice behavior. Specifically, the safe-speed choice behavior is modeled as a trade-off process between perceived traffic safety and efficiency using a disutility function. The safe-route choice behavior is described by the proposed Mean-excess Crash Risk Cost model, where the route safety is modeled as a random variable following a specific distribution, and traveler’s concerns about both reliability and unreliability aspects of safety variability are considered. The model is accommodative to account for the random nature and the traveler’s perception of traffic safety. Also, the travel time cost is considered, which is depicted as a parallel criterion of travel safety in the route choice model. Moreover, the heterogeneities of travelers’ safety concerns in both the choices of speed and route are considered in the proposed joint model. Then, the study formulated the equilibrium problem with the two behavior elements (speed and route) and two choice criteria (safety and time), based on the assumption that all travelers tend to maximize their disutility when choosing speed while minimizing their travel safety variability and travel time. To illustrate the model, Nguyen and Dupuis, Sioux falls, and Changsha arterial networks are conducted as numerical studies. The result demonstrates the model’s capability in depicting travelers’ trade-off between safety and time when selecting the optimal travel speed. Considering the impact of route safety unreliability makes the model sensible to describe travelers’ safety-concerned route choice behavior. The model is also flexible to account for travelers’ crash risk aversion heterogeneity.

Goal-setting in Organizations

Goal-setting can be a powerful driver of performance and many hierarchical organizations rely on it to improve organizational performance. When tasks and task-interdependencies are well-understood, goals can facilitate coordination as much as motivation. In contrast, when tasks are not well-understood and involve non-trivial interdependencies – as typically observed in complex or changing business environments – it is rarely possible to assign goals in a way that avoids some level of goal-conflict. While specific and ambitious goals may still motivate individuals, the same goals are likely to create conflict among organizational members. We employ a series of computational simulations to analyze how organizations should set individual-level goals and define an organizational goal structure that supports the pursuit of these goals. Specifically, we show that the joint choice of goal distribution (how many goals, specific or vague) and goal priority (whose goals are most important) in combination with the choice of goal structure (in terms of breadth and depth) results in an efficiency frontier. Different choices become optimal depending on the need to balance the quality of the outcome and the effort spent obtaining it. The results have significant implications for organization designers and the management of organizations.

Fuel-optimal truck path and speed profile in dynamic conditions: An exact algorithm

We consider optimizing a truck's choice of path and speed profile to minimise fuel consumption, exploiting real-time predictive information on dynamically varying traffic conditions. Time-varying traffic conditions provide particular challenges, both from network-level interactions (e.g. slowing to consume more fuel locally may be beneficial to avoid congested periods downstream) and link-level phenomena (e.g. interaction between acceleration and gradient profiles). A multi-level, discrete-time decomposition of the problem is presented in which: (i) [sub-problems] speed profiles are optimized within each link, given boundary conditions of entry/exit times and speeds; (ii) [master problem] a space-time extended network representation is used to encode the dynamic interactions, within which the joint choice of path and speed profile is made. By instantiating the space-time network in (ii) with the optimal link profiles from (i), we are able to devise a tractable algorithm while optimizing speed profiles over a fine timescale. The solution approach is to pre-solve offline the computationally-intensive step (i), meaning that the representation in (ii) can be efficiently produced online in response to the real-time predictive information, whereby optimization of the path and speed profile is solved by a single shortest path search in the space-time network, for which many exact algorithms exist. The method is extended to additionally consider choice of discretionary stops and (pre-trip) departure time. Two representations are presented and investigated, depending on whether constraints are additionally imposed to ensure consistency of speed profiles across link boundaries. Numerical experiments are reported on a small illustrative example and a case-study network.

More competitive than you think? Pricing and location of processing firms in agricultural markets

AbstractThe spatial distribution of production is a defining characteristic of agriculture, and the location choice in geographic space and the spatial pricing policies adopted by agricultural processing/packing firms are key determinants of the competitiveness and efficiency of agricultural product procurement markets. Spatially distributed buying firms in the presence of costly transportation of farm products creates natural oligopsony procurement markets. Although several studies have contributed to our understanding of price and output determination and the distribution of welfare in these markets, all are limited in that they address buying firms' locations or their choices of spatial pricing strategy in isolation, holding the other factor fixed, even though both would be chosen jointly in reality to comprise a firm's product‐procurement strategy. Here we overcome this limitation by using computational methods (including genetic algorithms) to study duopsony firms' joint choices of location and pricing policy. Our results differ considerably from those presented in prior literature. In general, we find that, when buyers have the flexibility to jointly choose their locations and pricing strategies, market outcomes are much more competitive and locations more efficient in terms of cost minimization than has been predicted by prior studies viewing location choice or pricing strategy in isolation.

On the Efficacy of Average Weightings Predicting Joint Choices in Bilateral Negotiations with Attribute Tradeoffs

Previous research suggests negotiators demonstrate a predisposition toward weight averaging or the averaging of attribute values. One outcome is that weight averaging generates a maximizing joint choice using a Multi-Attribute Utility of joint preference or ‘utility’ over known attribute values. Thus, attribute weightings are a fixed variable in the MAU model and determine maximum joint preference over a joint negotiation set with uncorrelated attribute values. We test an alternative form in a simulated experiment predicting joint choice when there are strict trade-offs in the negotiation set and negotiators average their intrinsic weightings paramorphic to a multi -attribute model. We show that joint weights by averaging, or negotiation must be equal (a 50/50 weighing of the two attributes) to reflect maximum joint preference or utility. Consistent with prior research, results find that a relative 50/50 weighing of the two attributes is dependent both on the symmetry or asymmetry of negotiators’ preference functions for the two attributes and possible cognitive conflict inherent to negotiators intrinsic individual weightings. For instance, negotiators’ individual weightings ( .2,.8) vs (.8,.2) that result in average weights of (.5,.5) involve less cognitive conflict than negotiating weightings of ( .7,.3) vs (.1,.9) to achieve joint weights of (.5,.5). The paper concludes by summarizing the primary results of the simulation related to extant research and presents possible modeling for negotiations over three attributes of which at least two attributes are strictly tradeoffs.

Special Features in Physical Rehabilitation Program Compiling during Primary Prosthetics in Patients with Traumatic Amputation of the Lower Limb

Patients with traumatic amputations of the lower limbs have a number of typical dysfunctions and complications. Optimal results of prosthetics are achieved when the quality of the stump formation corresponds to the capabilities of the prosthesis and an adequate rehabilitation program in terms of goals and objectives. At the same time, the rehabilitation program affects both the quality of the formation of the stump and the functional reserves of the body, which ultimately affects the choice of prosthesis joints. Aim. To clarify the approaches on making up physical rehabilitation programs, taking into account the prevention and correction of complications. Medical rehabilitation expert diagnostics is both the basis in compiling rehabilitation programs, allowing to achieve their personalized nature, and an assessment tool of rehabilitation measures effectiveness. Counseling is an important preparatory part of the rehabilitation program for prosthetics, the theoretical foundations for the prevention of complications for the disabled. Prosthesis manufacturing. When knowing prosthesis manufacturing stages, it is possible to create conditions for the most complete adaptation in the prosthesis-limb-organism system both in the short and long term periods. Preparation of a limb for prosthetics often one of the longest, occupying and significant sections of preparation for the restoration of static-dynamic function, associated with the largest number of complications; where the use of physical rehabilitation technologies allows the prevention and correction of such complications. Preparatory work in accordance with the general algorithm for conducting rehabilitation measures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the continuity and regularity of rehabilitation measures allows to achieve the greatest possible result. Teaching the use of the prosthesis. Starting from the sequential mastering of all the basic elements with the subsequent transition to performing complex coordinated movements with the help of the prosthesis and only then working out the walking options directly on the prosthesis, allows to master the correct technique from the outset. It means that training to master walking on a prosthesis can also be represented as a sequence, an algorithm of actions. Stepping away from the required sequence may lead to the appearance and consolidation of irrational patterns when walking, which in turn is fraught with a violation of the correct walking pattern, an increase in its energy intensity and pronounced difficulties in its correction in the future. Conclusion. The complication prevention in the implementation of prosthetics with the help of physical rehabilitation is based primarily on the observance of a clear algorithm of sequential actions in conjunction with an individualized selection of rehabilitation means.

Understanding California wildfire evacuee behavior and joint choice making

For evacuations, people must make the critical decision to evacuate or stay followed by a multi-dimensional choice composed of concurrent decisions of their departure time, transportation mode, route, destination, and shelter type. These choices have important impacts on transportation response and evacuation outcomes. While extensive research has been conducted on hurricane evacuation behavior, little is known about wildfire evacuation behavior. To address this critical research gap, particularly related to joint choice-making in wildfires, we surveyed individuals impacted by the 2017 December Southern California Wildfires (n = 226) and the 2018 Carr Wildfire (n = 284). Using these data, we contribute to the literature in two key ways. First, we develop two latent class choice models (LCCMs) to evaluate the factors that influence the decision to evacuate or stay/defend. We find an evacuation keen class and an evacuation reluctant class that are influenced differently by mandatory evacuation orders. This nuance is further supported by different membership of people to the classes based on demographics and risk perceptions. Second, we develop two portfolio choice models (PCMs), which jointly model choice dimensions to assess multi-dimensional evacuation choice. We find several similarities between wildfires including a joint preference for within-county and nighttime evacuations and a joint dislike for within-county and highway evacuations. Altogether, this paper provides evidence of heterogeneity in response to mandatory evacuation orders for wildfires, distinct membership of populations to different classes of people for evacuating or staying/defending, and clear correlation among key wildfire evacuation choices that necessitates joint modeling to holistically understanding wildfire evacuation behavior.

Modelling carrier type and vehicle type choice of small and medium size firms

The objective of this paper is to study freight transportation outsourcing and vehicle type choice decisions made by small and medium size firms. Carrier type and vehicle type choices are modelled independently using multinomial logit models and jointly using nested logit models. Mixed logit models are also developed for the defined structures to study the choice correlation among the choices made by the same firm, resulting in development of six different models. A commercial travel survey for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area is used to estimate the models. The models consider characteristics of the firm (employment, industry classification) and shipment (location, type). The results show significant improvement for the carrier type choice model using a mixing distribution while the vehicle type model performs slightly better using mixed logit model than using multinomial logit model structure. The nested logit model results show that firms are more likely to substitute vehicle type choices before substituting carrier type choices. The correlation of vehicle type choices is found to be highest (96%) among own-account carriers and driver-own carriers (90%) and least for the vehicles owned by a for-hire company (82%). Similar to the mixed vehicle type choice model, the mixed nested logit model also shows a slight improvement in model performance. Based on the strong correlation indicated by the nested logit model, a model reflecting the joint choice of carrier type and vehicle type is suggested.

Joint analysis of mode and travel-based multitasking choices in Mumbai, India

Utilising data collected from the city of Mumbai, India, this study aims to understand the effects of common unobserved variables associated with the joint choices of mode and travel-based multitasking. Random components representing common unobserved variables, simultaneously influencing both mode and travel-based multitasking choices, were introduced in the utility formulations of the joint discrete choice model. In addition, the relative magnitudes of the influence of these common unobserved variables on the total variance of utility differences were calculated. The results showed that common unobserved variables that influence both the paratransit mode choice and information and communication technologies (ICT)-based multitasking choice explained 11.04% of the variance in the utility of choosing the paratransit mode, relative to private vehicles. Meanwhile, the random component common to the bus mode choice and ICT-based multitasking choice explained 12.04% of the variance in the utility of choosing a bus relative to a private vehicle, while the random component common to train choice and non-ICT-based multitasking choice explained 9.88% of the variance in the utility of choosing a train relative to a private vehicle. The contributions of the unobserved variables were compared with the contributions of the observed household, individual, travel, and ICT-related variables. Finally, the study concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the findings, limitations of the work, and directions for future research.

Co-inquiry in agroecology research with farmers: transdisciplinary co-creation of contextualized and actionable knowledge

ABSTRACT The transformative claim of agroecology research draws on transdisciplinarity and participatory action research to operationalize horizontal learning and experimentation for knowledge co-creation and change in action. Drawbacks to recent research strategies in this field are lack of action orientation, and limited roles and low level of control attributed to farmers, particularly in defining scope and methods for collaboration and joint experimentation. In response, in this article we conceptualize a co-inquiry approach for agroecology research adopted from participatory action research and explore its operationalization and outcomes with a group of organic horticultural farmers in Argentina. We assess how co-inquiry considers farmers’ experience in the knowledge co-creation process to achieve contextualized research questions and actionable results, and reflect on potentials and constraints of extended roles attributed to farmers and their increased control over inquiry process and contents. We found that co-inquiry facilitates extended roles of farmers as co-researchers and thereby encourages horizontal learning based on systems thinking, through a joint explorative assessment of the systems operators’ purposes, context, and experience, and through joint choice of methodology, experimentation and reflection.

Interface of Law and Psychiatric Problems in the Elderly.

Interface of Law and Psychiatric Problems in the Elderly.

Exploring the Joint Choice Behaviour of Passengers with Potential Travel Tendency Under Metro Service Disruption

Exploring the Joint Choice Behaviour of Passengers with Potential Travel Tendency Under Metro Service Disruption