Choice Of Coping Strategies Research Articles

COVID-19 Pandemic, household income and coping strategies in Nigeria

This study analyzed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on household income and the determinants of coping strategies in Nigeria, using the combination of the COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey data and the fourth wave of the General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019. The fourth wave of General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019 data is part of the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) and the National Bureau of Statistics of Nigeria collected the data in collaboration with the World Bank and funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey 2020, Baseline was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the World Bank. The analyses were based on multinomial logistic and multivariate probit models. Multinomial logit regression analysis shows that households that consider the pandemic a substantial threat and households with older heads were more likely to have decreased income while households that received transfer income and self-employed were more likely to have increased income. Several household characteristics exhibited different levels of influence on the choice of coping strategies during the lockdown. Therefore, policy options and support facilities should be developed to foster meaningful (wage/self) employment and coping strategies to achieve optimal results in response to the pandemic.

What is related to the choice of coping strategies? - functional relationship between a sense of self-efficacy, self-regulation and strategies for coping with stress

Self-efficacy can affect an individual’s thoughts and emotions. It can be related to self-regulation processes and coping strategies. The aim of the study was to try to answer the question of whether there are correlations between the mentioned variables. To test this, an online survey was designed on the Google Forms platform, which included sociodemographic questions and three questionnaires: General Self-Efficacy Scale, COPE Inventory, Self Regulation Formative Questionnaire. The survey was prepared in English. The survey included 470 participants from Poland and Spain. The study was conducted during increased stress, which is the exam session. The result of the statistical analysis confirmed the accepted hypothesis. Strategies used in coping with stress are related to the level of selfregulation and self-efficacy. The higher the sense of self-efficacy, the more frequent the selection of favorable coping strategies, as well as the higher the level of self-regulation, the more frequent the selection of adaptive strategies and the rarer the selection of adaptive coping strategies. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the literature on the topic and previous studies, and it is suggested that further studies be conducted in a different context, taking into account that the results of self-efficacy or self-regulation could be different during intensified stress, for instance before or after an exam.

Specialists’ basic behavioural coping strategies when handling stressful situations

The professional activity of a modern specialist is significantly impacted by various stressful situations. Professional stress causes specialists’ anxiety, which negatively affects their well-being. The choice of adaptive strategies for handling stressful situations is the key to successful professional activity and emotional stability. The ability to choose the most productive coping strategies enables a specialist to quickly handle any stressful situations. The aim of this study is to identify the anxiety level and prevailing coping strategies of specialists with different stress levels. Methods. The research involved the method of analytical information processing and methods of empirical diagnostics. The following statistical methods were used: the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results. The obtained results revealed that specialists with a high stress level have high personal and situational anxiety, the prevailing coping strategies are confrontation, escape, seeking social support and distancing (р≤0.001). Specialists with a low stress level showed low anxiety and coping strategies of self-control, problem solving, and positive reappraisal (р≤0.001). Conclusions. It was empirically proved that the stress level affects the choice of coping strategy. Specialists with high stress levels have high anxiety and maladaptive coping strategies. Prospects. The obtained results can be implemented in the creation of a programme for the development of adaptive coping strategies of specialists in order to productively handle stressful situations.

Coping Strategies In Young Healthy Individuals With Type D Personality

Objective — To study the choice of coping strategies and coping intensity in healthy individuals with type D personality. Material and methods — The study included 98 students of Kemerovo State Medical University (KemSMU), 68 women and 30 men (their mean age was 19.1±2.0 years). All subjects filled out psychological questionnaires to identify type D personality (DS-14) and the choice of coping strategies (Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) and Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI)). Results — The participants were divided into a group with type D personality (n=44) and without it (n=54). Individuals with type D personality had higher scores on the Escape-Avoidance (p<0.001), Accepting Responsibility (p=0.009) and Distancing (p=0.05) scales of the WSQ questionnaire, and Avoidance strategy scale of the CSI questionnaire (p=0.007). Students with type D personality were characterized by a pronounced preference for the Escape-Avoidance strategy (p=0.000018). An increase of 1 point in the values on the Escape-Avoidance scale improved the chance of identifying type D personality by 1.15 times (p<0.001). An increase in scores on the Positive Reappraisal scale reduced the likelihood of identifying type D personality (OR 0.98; p=0.005). The Escape-Avoidance coping strategy was rather strongly associated with type D personality (AUC=0.779). Conclusion — In healthy young people with type D personality, inadequate coping strategies were notably prevalent: the Escape-Avoidance strategy identified by WCQ, and the Avoidance strategy marked by the CSI. The Escape-Avoidance strategy was independently associated with type D personality, and the Positive Reappraisal strategy was associated with the non-D type.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, life satisfaction, anxiety, stress perception and coping strategies in student-athletes: A comparison between Belarus and Poland-countries with a different approach of anti-pandemic measures.

More than two years of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed lives of people around the world and had a profound impact on the field of sports. This has resulted in decreased physical activity (PA) and changes in mental health. The goal was to assess self-reported physical activity, life satisfaction, perceived stress, choice of coping strategies and their correlations among student athletes from two neighboring countries facing different anti-pandemic strategies. Cross-sectional surveys using standardized questionnaires: International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Mini-COPE) to compare 600 students from Physical Education and Sports departments of universities in Belarus (n = 333), where restrictions were found to be less stringent than in neighboring Poland (n = 267). Minor differences in physical activities between both countries indicate that student athletes have adapted fairly quickly and found ways to keep their PA at a fairly high level. Nevertheless, higher PA was reported in the group of student athletes from Belarus. PA levels correlated with life satisfaction, anxiety and stress levels. Female students from Poland reported lower satisfaction with their lives. Their perception of stress was twice as high as that of their Belarusian counterparts. The most common coping strategy in both groups was active coping. Polish respondents less frequently used strategies of avoiding problems and seeking outside support. The level of physical activity and well-being of student athletes are associated with increased mental health and coping with stress. They also contribute to prevention of affective disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it is dependent on the country's anti-pandemic policies.

Psychological Stability and Coping Strategies of a Fashion Business Manager as Determinants of Effective Overcoming Difficult Management Situations

Introduction. The relevance of studying the problem of the formation of a person's psychological stability and his choice of coping strategies for overcoming difficult life and professional situations in a state of uncertainty and social challenges is due to the “social demand” on the part of modern managers-practitioners. Purpose and methods. The purpose of this article is the theoretical analysis of the psychological stability phenomenon as a personal property, and the justification of its interdependence with the coping strategies chosen by the individual in everyday and professional environment. The methodological basis of this research is a genetic-psychological approach to the study of the possessive behaviour phenomenon. Research results. The theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem of forming the psychological stability of a fashion business manager is carried out. Coping strategies are described as tools for realizing the psychological stability in managing fashion business. Psychological stability is considered as an open system, the level of development of which is manifested in professional activity and is a synthesis of individual qualities. Conclusions. The scientific novelty consists in deepening the understanding of the psychological stability importance for the effectiveness of managerial decision-making by managers in fashion business field. The practical significance of research results lies in the possibility of choosing optimal coping strategies in professional life through students training, who master educational programmes with a powerful practical component.

Strategies to Respond to Technology Enhancement

This study identifies coping strategies to examine the behaviors adopted by team managers in addressing technostress. It evaluates the choice of coping strategies to increase performance. A study involving 3 companies and 45 respondents was conducted to identify coping strategies. However, as we chose to make a deeper interview after the first one, we continued our interviews with those who are available for 8 hours of interview, (2 hours each time); therefore we continued with 13 people. Overall, four interactional coping strategies were identified: Based on these, four new coping theories address technostress from an international perspective. This enriches the literature on coping strategies and technostress and the results explain a wide range of team managers' behaviors. Hence, it is necessary to adopt suitable policies to address effect of technostress.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ КОПИНГ-СТРАТЕГИЙ У МОЛОДЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ГРУППОВОГО КОНСУЛЬТИРОВАНИЯ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ АРТ-ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНИК

Statement of the problem. Life in the modern reality is dynamic and contradictory, young people constantly have to overcome different kinds of difficulties (age crises, choice of their professional way and its development, interpersonal relations, questions of finance, everyday life stresses, etc.). In the period of the pandemic essential factors for the Russian youth were the fear infecting themselves and their loved ones; danger (mistrust of the health care system) [Kozlova, 2020]. The conditions of modern life only emphasize the relevance of the problem of coping behavior. In a situation when the general level of tension and stress is quite high, it is important to provide psychological assistance to young people in the formation of diverse and effective coping strategies. We consider expedient to use group work to solve this problem. This helps reach a sufficient number of participants and provide support and exchange of experience that are important to young people. For group consultations to be effective, it is important to understand the problem field of coping behavior and actual and potential demands of young people for psychological aid. We believe that one of the ways to solve this problem is to study and find effective and efficacious techniques of psychological help in forming coping strategies in young people. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the forming experiment, dynamics of the choice of coping strategy in young people after the carried out group work with application of art therapeutic techniques. The theoretical and methodological basis of research was made by the ideas of foreign psychologists in the field of studying of coping strategies: L. Murphy, R. Lazarus, S. Folkman, J. Amirhan, E. Haim, E. Skinner, etc. Ideas of Russian researchers in the field of studying coping strategies: L.I. Antsyferova, N.E. Vodopyanova, V.A. Bodrov, S.K. Nartova-Bochaver, E.V. Bityutskaya, T.L. Kryukova, E.I. Rasskazova, T. O. Gordeeva, E.N. Osin, etc. and also Russian studies in the field of art therapy: A.I. Kopytin, M.V. Kiseleva, E.A. Medvedeva, T.D. Zinkevich-Evstigneeva, E.V. Tararina, etc.. The study involved 30 students from 18 to 28 years old. Richard Lazarus’ “Coping Strategies” questionnaire and the “Cope” questionnaire (E.I. Rasskazova, T.O. Gordeeva, E.N. Osin) were chosen as diagnostic tools. Respondents, numbering 10 persons, took part in the forming-up experiment (group counseling). Research results. Tension level of the coping strategy “Confrontation” decreased in this group. There was a decrease of a high level of tension of the coping strategies “Self-control” when overcoming of the problem occurs at the expense of suppression and restraint of emotions, and the strategy “Escape-avoidance” when the person evades the problem, denying it. It is possible to point out that among emotional coping strategies, “optimism” increased, among behavioral ones – “cooperation” increased, among cognitive ones – “relativity” increased. Conclusion. The obtained data and their analysis allow us to speak about the importance and relevance of the topic of coping with stress. The program of group consultations, including art therapeutic techniques, promotes the formation of various coping strategies of behavior, providing effective coping with stress. The obtained changes give reasons to continue the research in this direction.

Coping Strategies Adopted By First Year Medical Students and Their Academic Outcomes

Medical students tend to experience greater overall psychological distress when compared to the levels of distress observed in the general population. A careful analysis of the coping behaviors and their associations with personality factors etc., in the light of their biological basis, may offer important clues for successful interventions in order to yield fruitful academic outcomes. The fundamental aim was to evaluate the associations between the choice of coping strategies and the Big Five Personality traits among academic high- and low-achievers, and average students who have recently been exposed to the medical curriculum. The other three aims were to evaluate the relationship between the employment of coping strategies and psych morbidity among the above group; to explore the gender-based differences among the above student category; to assess the variations in the associations of adaptive/maladaptive coping with relationship to personality and other factors in the light of higher biological control mechanisms. The voluntary participants of the study include one hundred and forty-two first year medical students (68 males, 74 females) from a private University in Puducherry state, South India. The self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scales were found out. The personality traits were elucidated using the NEO-FFI (NEO Five Factor Inventory), which was administered to all the participants. Those with T-scores above 50 were classified as having elevation in the concerned personality trait. After evaluating the scores of the various personality traits. The average marks secured by the students in four consecutive academic examinations was entered. Correlations between the coping strategies and the above mentioned factors among low- achievers revealed a) a small negative association between TOC and Neuroticism (p<0.05); b) a small positive correlation between EOC and anxiety scores (p<0.05); c) a negative association between TOC and anxiety and depression (p<0.05); and d) a negative association between AOC-SD and depression scores (p<0.05) were noted. . Studies concerning the link between coping strategies, personality and psychopathology may help in identifying certain risk and resilience factors that could influence the impact of stressful academic training for individual students.

Виртуальный образ Я как комплексная стратегия совладающего поведения интернет-пользователя

The virtual self-image acts not only as a significant element of interpersonal interaction. It also plays a crucial role in the self-determination and self-categorization of the user in his environment. The virtual self-image performs the most important function of a filter and repeater of external influences, including negative ones. The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between the choice of coping strategies of Internet users and the components of their virtual images. Methodology and methods: the Lazarus-Folkman Coping test and the author's method “Content and structural components of the virtual image of the Internet user's self-image”. Statistical analysis of the data obtained during the study was carried out using the SPSS 26.0 software and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The study involved 80 (n = 80) students of Yakubov Crimean Engineering-Pedagogical University (age from 17 to 26 years, 71% women, 29% men, M = 21.06; SD = 2.54) Results: the coping strategies chosen by the user are reflected in the content and structural components of the virtual self-image. The prevailing coping strategies of the user are reflected in the content and structural components of the virtual self-image. The confrontational coping strategy has a significant connection with the behavioral (remp = .249) and communicative (remp = .240), reflexive (remp = -.353) components of the virtual self -image; self-control – with visual (remp = .332), behavioral (remp = .573), auditory (remp = .345), and reflexive (remp = .491); social search – with visual (remp = .336), behavioral (remp = .663), rating (remp = .250), auditory (remp = .331) and reflexive (remp = .288); acceptance of responsibility – with behavioral (remp = .444), communicative (remp = .385), auditory (remp = .378) and reflexive (remp = .281); flight-avoidance strategy – with communicative (remp = .482), rating (remp = .241) and auditory (remp = .433); problem solving planning – with behavioral (remp = .294); positive overestimation – with visual (remp = .273), behavioral (remp = .250), auditory (remp = .274). Conclusion: The user constructs their self-presentation in the virtual space based on his preferred strategies of behavior in difficult situations, thereby building long-term protection against threats in real and virtual space.

Pathways from self-disclosure to medical coping strategy among adolescents with moderate and major depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mediation of self-efficacy.

BackgroundThe prevalence of adolescent depression in China during the COVID-19 pandemic is increasing. Self-disclosing depressive emotions could help release stress. Self-disclosure, which is a prerequisite for self-efficacy, can directly contribute to people’s psychological health, and depression and the choice of coping strategy are determined by the level of self-efficacy perceived.PurposeWe aimed to discuss the relationship between self-efficacy, self-disclosure, and medical coping strategy. Further, we explore the mediation effect of self-efficacy on the influence of self-disclosure on medical coping strategies in adolescents with depression.MethodsA total of 585 patients aged 11–24 years with moderate and major depression were recruited. All the assessments were completed on the second day after admission, including the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). Pearson correlation was performed to explore the relationships of these variables. The bootstrap analysis was used to conduct to assess the mediation effects.ResultsBoth direct and indirect effects of self-disclosure on medical coping strategy were found. As predicted, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between self-disclosure and medical coping strategy (b = 0.0385, 95% CI: 0.0244–0.0538 for Confrontation; b = –0.0466, 95%CI: –0.0651 to –0.0296 for Resignation), respectively. The effect size for Confrontation and Resignation was 0.2659 and 0.2485, respectively.ConclusionSelf-efficacy played a partial mediating role in the effect of self-disclosure on medical coping strategies for adolescent depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the use of a positive self-disclosure mechanism may be anticipated to promote improved self-efficacy and the use of active coping strategies.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COPING STRATEGIES WITH STRESS OF STUDENTS IN DIFFERENT LEARNING CONDITIONS DURING THE PANDEMIC

The purpose of study is to highlight the differences in students’ appeal to coping strategies in various forms of implementation of the educational process in the context of different anti-epidemic approaches during the pandemic.
 Materials and Methods. The materials of the empirical study obtained on a selection of students of pedagogical and medical universities of Krasnoyarsk and Grodno are presented. 1356 students of 2–4 courses aged 18–26 years were interviewed in February 2021. The repertoire of coping strategies was studied using standardized questionnaire methods.
 Results. The results of the study demonstrate that there are differences in the choice of coping strategies by students depending on the learning conditions and anti-epidemiological measures. In most cases the students from two countries demonstrate active cognitive coping strategies, turning to the past to anticipate possible difficulties and premeditation. At the same time, significant differences are noted in active cognitive coping strategies and acceptance or denial of a situation. The analysis of the coping strategies use has been made with the consideration of the students’ gender and professional training. The similarity of the general direction of coping behavior among young men and women has been revealed, with differences in the strategies for their implementation, depending on the assessment of the situation, their capabilities and resources. It has been highlighted that the students’ professionalization has a strong influence on how and in what ways they perceive a stressful situation. Thus, the students of pedagogical profiles are the most vulnerable group in coping with a stressful situation of learning during the pandemic.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS HORMONES AND STUDENTS’ COPING STRATEGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DYNAMICALLY CHANGING SITUATION OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Objective: to identify the relationship between stress hormones and coping strategies in students in the context of the dynamically changing situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Materials and Methods. The students of the pedagogical university aged 20–21 years (n=10), randomized sampling from the general population, took part in the study. The repertoire of coping strategies was studied using standardized questionnaire methods COPE and “Proactive Coping”. Catecholamines were determined in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography, Glucocorticoids – by chemiluminescence immunoassay on microparticles. Dynamics of indicators and their correlation were considered on the example of two periods of change of the COVID-19 pandemic situation.
 Results. Analysis of stress hormone indicators at two stages of the study suggests that students adapted to the dynamically changing situation of the second year of the pandemic. Restrictive measures lead to a decrease in dopamine (p<0,05), which correlates with the strategies of coping with stress chosen by students. Study of the relationship in different ways allowed to identify the correlation of stress hormones with emotion-oriented coping and avoidance of a stressful situation.
 Conclusion. The results confirm the mediating role of stress hormones in students’ choice of coping strategies in the dynamically changing situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Physical Activity, Life Satisfaction, Stress Perception and Coping Strategies of University Students in Belarus during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 restrictions in Belarus turned out to be less stringent than those of its neighboring countries. Objective: We aimed to evaluate physical activity, life satisfaction, perception of stress, choice of coping strategies and their correlations among Belarusian students. An anonymous Internet survey was conducted among 1769 students studying at the faculties of physical culture (415), pedagogical (737), and medical (617) universities. International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (mini-COPE) questionnaires were used. The respondents declared sufficient and high levels of physical activity. The level of physical activity was correlated with life satisfaction (typically for student-athletes). The least satisfaction with life and highest level of perceived stress were among future doctors. The minimum indicator of stress was noted in athletes. The most common coping strategy was active coping. Strategies of problem avoidance and seeking support from outside were not used by student-athletes. These strategies were used by pedagogical and medical students. Student-athletes have the most favorable opportunities, followed by representatives of pedagogical and medical students. The proposed classification of the levels of behavior (optimal, acceptable, satisfactory and risky) makes it possible to adjust lifestyles.

Differences in Self-Regulation of Stress Among Students Starting and Finishing Studies. The Comparison of Students of Polish and Spanish Universities

The research focused on identifying differences in the sense of self-efficacy and self-regulation of stress among 470 students from Polish and Spanish universities and on determining the differences between students starting and finishing their studies. The following tests were used in the study: General Self-Efficacy Scale, COPE Inventory and Self-Regulatory Formative Questionnaire. Statistical analysis confirmed the correctness of the 6 hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the level of self-efficacy and self-regulation and the choice of coping strategies are related to gender, nationality, age, and multiple attitudes to a stressful situation. Moreover, other confirmed hypotheses show the conclusions that self-efficacy is higher in the group of men than in the group of women. On the other hand, women have higher self-regulatory skills and are more likely than men to choose favourable stress regulation methods. In contrast, the hypotheses about cross-cultural differences show that Spanish students have better self-regulatory skills and choose adaptive coping strategies, while Polish students use non-adaptive strategies.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОВЛАДАЮЩЕГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ УСПЕШНОСТЬЮ

Statement of the problem. The problem of students’ academic success in the situation of changes in the educational process caused by the pandemic is reviewed. The purpose of the article is to identify the coping behavior features of the students with different academic success in conditions of forced distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methodology. The study of academic success was based on the ideas of a typological approach which makes it possible to consider the ratio of subjective experiences of educational activity success and academic performance, and to highlight its qualitative characteristics relying on the information obtained. By cluster analysis, the groups of students with different characteristics of academic success have been identified and the features of their coping behavior have been analyzed. Research results. It has been noted that high grades are not sufficient grounds for classifying students as successful: they may be accompanied by an experience of emptiness, alienation from educational activities. The experience of pleasure and emptiness in educational activities, the assessment of changes in performance in relation to academic performance can be indicators of success in learning during the period of turning to forced distance learning. Specific features of coping with a difficult situation in each group are described in relation to self-efficacy, which is expressed in the choice of coping strategies. Conclusion. It has been concluded that the use of active coping, proactive coping strategies in relation to higher levels of self-efficacy and orientation towards interaction with difficulties are typical for students who are successful in their educational activities. The features of coping behavior among students with low success are associated with strategies of avoiding difficulties, low self-efficacy, focusing on obstacles and difficulties.

Examination of the Relationship between Self and Choice of Coping Strategies among U.S. Active Duty Military Wives

Previous research indicates that one’s identity relates to one’s use of specific coping strategies. Exploring the relationship between self and coping in military wives is crucial to understanding how they manage military lifestyle-related stressors. The researchers hypothesized that identity status, self-concept clarity, self-monitoring, mastery, and role conflict will be related to choice of emotion-focused coping or problem-focused coping strategies. Two hundred two participants completed an anonymous online survey containing standardized scales. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses revealed that emotion-focused coping had positive relationships with achieved identity status and role conflict. Problem-focused coping had positive relationships with moratorium status, self-concept clarity, self-monitoring, and mastery. Findings provide preliminary support that sense of self is important in understanding how military wives choose to cope with particular challenges.

Strategies for Coping With Stress Used by Nurses in Poland and Belarus During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

IntroductionStress is an inseparable element of nurses' work. It is also the cause of wellbeing disorders and the source of various diseases. The wellbeing and health of nurses has a direct impact on the quality of care and health outcomes for patients. An appropriate stress coping strategy can reduce the impact of stress and mitigate its negative consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic, especially in its initial period, was a source of enormous additional stress for nurses. In Poland and Belarus: two neighboring countries with common history and similar culture, the authorities took a completely different approach to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compare how nurses in Poland and Belarus cope with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and MethodThe cross-sectional study was conducted among 284 nurses working in hospital in Bialystok, Poland (158) and in Grodno, Belarus (126). Mini-Cope inventory - the polish adaptation of Carver's BriefCope was used for measuring coping with stress.ResultsOnly 17.5% of Belarusian nurses were tested for the presence of the virus and only 4.8% were infected, while in Poland it was 50.6 and 31.0%, respectively. The most frequent used coping strategies were active strategies (active coping, planning) and the least-used were avoidance strategies (behavioral disengagement, substance use) in both countries. Polish nurses significantly more often than Belorussian used support-seeking/emotion-oriented strategies, as well as avoidance strategies. No differences were found for active coping strategies between the both groups. Contact with a patient infected with the SARS-CoV2 virus did not influence the choice of stress coping strategies by nurses in both countries. Staying in quarantine or home isolation favored more active coping strategies, especially in the case of Belarusian nurses. Taking a SARS-CoV-2 test did not statistically differentiate the choice of coping strategies in the Belarusian group. In the Polish group, nurses with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result used both use of instrumental support and use of emotional support strategies less frequently. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection did not statistically differentiated how stressful situations were handled in Polish group.ConclusionsPolish and Belorussian nurses used similar strategies to cope with stress in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The social and demographic differences between Polish and Belorussian nurses differentiated the choice of coping strategies among the respondents to a greater extent than the completely different approach of the media and authorities to the COVID-19 pandemic in the two countries. The threat of the COVID-19 pandemic does not affect the choice of stress coping strategies by nurses in Poland and Belarus. Being in quarantine or home isolation favored the use of active coping strategies among Belorussian nurses. Polish nurses, on the other hand, were more likely to turn to religion after being quarantined.

Flood-induced vulnerability of a below sea level farming system in southern India: an assessment through coping strategy intensity.

This paper investigates the livelihood vulnerability experienced by agricultural households in Kuttanad, a below sea level farming system in southern India, in the aftermath of a major flood in August 2018. For this purpose, we constructed a flood coping strategy index (FCSI), to measure coping strategy intensity, using the data on the severity and frequency of various coping strategies adopted by households. Furthermore, we estimated a Tobit regression model to identify the factors influencing the intensity of coping strategy choices. The FCSI revealed that only two per cent of agricultural households experienced a 'severe' level of vulnerability because of the quick and effective policy response of the Kerala state government. In addition, Tobit regression analysis indicated that female-headed and labour households are more vulnerable than their respective counterparts. While income exerts a negative influence on the degree of livelihood vulnerability, agricultural landholding has a positive effect, as it increases cultivation loss during a flood.

Realizing public values in the co-production of public services: the effect of efficacy and trust on coping with public values conflicts

Co-production aims to better realize public values such as participation and service quality. However, scholars have recently reported undesired effects of co-production for realizing public values. This article argues that co-producers’ coping strategies followed when experiencing public values conflicts codetermine value realization or obstruction. Survey data taken from temporary co-producers in Flanders are examined to test the effects of self-efficacy, perceived impact and trust on individual coping using a multinomial regression analysis. The analysis finds perceived impact to affect respondents’ choice of coping strategies. Furthermore, the article offers a model for future studies of individual coping with value conflicts.