Choice In India Research Articles

Legal form of the firm and overseas market choice in India’s software and IT industry

Drawing upon the economics, international business, and law literatures, we hypothesize that variations in governance characteristics, associated with firms being public limited companies, private limited companies, or unincorporated enterprises, influence the internationalization patterns of the software and information technology (IT) companies in India. The results provide some support for our hypotheses, as variations in legal form were found to significantly impact regional sales in the US and Canada, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Organizational size and business type were also significantly related to sales in a number of regions. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Habeas Corpus in the Realm of Love: Litigating Marriages of Choice in India

(2006). Habeas Corpus in the Realm of Love: Litigating Marriages of Choice in India. Australian Feminist Law Journal: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 59-78.

Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis

The Leishmania donovani complex includes L. chagasi and L. infantum, and causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disseminated and potentially fatal form of leishmaniasis. The treatment options for VL are limited. Pentavalent antimonials (Sbv) are the first-line treatment options worldwide except for in Europe and Sbv-unresponsive regions of India. Amphotericin B deoxycholate is the drug of choice in India, as are its lipid formulations in Europe. However, liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome®, Gilead Sciences, Inc.) is the best antileishmanial formulation, but its prohibitive cost limits its use in endemic countries. Preferential pricing of AmBisome for patients with VL may provide hope for these underprivileged patients. Oral miltefosine and paromomycin are the other drugs that have been recently developed. Limited therapeutic options, the potential for development of resistance and serious toxicity associated with antileishmanial drugs necessitates a change in the treatment policy. A shift from monotherapy to multi-drug combinations of short courses delivered at no or affordable cost, through directly observed therapy, seems to be the only way to develop the treatment of this disease.

An empirical analysis of assortative mating in India and the U.S.

This paper uses a conditional logit model to analyze empirically how individuals sort themselves through marriage into households in India and the U.S. The results support positive assortative mating of spouses with respect to age and schooling. We find no evidence in favor of Becker's theory of labor market specialization in couples. Moreover, while similarity in age is the strongest predictor of marital choice in India, education of a prospective spouse plays a more important role in the U.S. Finally, we find that while dowry increases the likelihood of women marrying men with characteristics dissimilar to their own, availability of a mate has a positive effect on the degree of stratification in India.

Gender Inequalities and Economic Growth: A Longitudinal Evaluation

This longitudinal evaluation of gender inequalities and economic growth addresses key questions in the evolving debate over the character of gender differentiation and the goals of womens empowerment. These questions include: 1) whether the impact of strategies of economic growth served to enhance or undermine the status of women; 2) whether changes in the status of women were accompanied by significant changes in gender inequality; and 3) the implications for existing debates. Section I reviews several sets of literature pertinent to the questions using three general approaches: modernization-neoclassical women in development and gender and development. Section II presents the data and methods used in the evaluation. The research assessed the contending interpretations reviewed in the first section by combining another set of cross-sectional and longitudinal data on womens status and inequalities between men and women with other existing indicators. Section III discusses the results in the following order: 1) cross-sectional patterns in womens status; 2) trends in womens status; 3) cross-sectional patterns in inequality between men and women; 4) trends in inequality between men and women; and 5) conclusion. Finally section IV presents an overall discussion of the findings of the whole longitudinal evaluation.

Cycles in Indian Economic Liberalization, 1966-1996

In the 1990s there appears to be a growing disjuncture between India's economic and political performance. The economic news since 1992 has been very positive. Yearly economic growth has been 5-8 percent, inflation has declined dramatically, and India's modern, private sector (electronics, software, and heavy machinery) is doing very well in international competition. Crop yields have also risen, and, in the process, India has become a major grains exporter.' However, the political scene has been far more turbulent and increasingly troubling. Regional and ethnic political parties have proliferated, intimidation and violence are widespread, and corruption is pervasive in local, state, and national governments.2 In the May 1996 parliamentary elections, for the first time since independence, a communal party, the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), won a plurality. Although the BJP was not successful at forming a lasting majority in parliament, the electoral results sent a tremor through the Indian body politic. Eventually, a compromise was reached to create a complex coalition of thirteen parties, named the United Front, headed by H. D. Deve Gowda of Karnataka. Not only was Deve Gowda the first southerner to be prime minister, but he was the first member of a minor, regional party to lead the nation. Within eleven months Gowda lost a vote of confidence in the Lok Sabha. The coalition survived, but in tenuous shape, with Inder Kumar Gujral as the new prime minister. If we step back from this barrage of new developments and try to assess the factors shaping economic policy choice in India, we can see both consistent patterns and interesting anomalies. For almost five decades the dominant mode of economic policy in India has been to rely on the central for macroeconomic direction (monetary, fiscal, and exchange rate policy) and for the administration of a vast set of controls, subsidies, tariffs, and quotas. Many of these controls were started during World War II under British rule. The controls were continued and expanded, however, by a sequence of Congress Party regimes that justified intervention on the grounds that government should control the commanding heights of the economy.'3 By the mid 1960s, the controls were so pervasive and the protection of Indian industry so stifling4 that a vigorous intellectual debate ensued about the appropriate way to redirect Indian economic

Income and Gender Inequalities in Asia: Testing Alternative Theories of Development

Previous articleNext article No AccessIncome and Gender Inequalities in Asia: Testing Alternative Theories of DevelopmentClarita P. Lantican, Christina H. Gladwin, and James L. Seale, Jr.Clarita P. Lantican Search for more articles by this author , Christina H. Gladwin Search for more articles by this author , and James L. Seale, Jr. Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 44, Number 2Jan., 1996 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/452212 Views: 28Total views on this site Citations: 21Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1996 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Soham Sahoo, Stephan Klasen Gender Segregation in Education: Evidence From Higher Secondary Stream Choice in India, Demography 58, no.33 (Jun 2021): 987–1010.https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9101042Kashif Munir, Ayesha Kanwal Impact of educational and gender inequality on income and income inequality in South Asian countries, International Journal of Social Economics 47, no.88 (Jul 2020): 1043–1062.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-04-2020-0226Joko Mariyono Micro-credit as catalyst for improving rural livelihoods through agribusiness sector in Indonesia, Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 11, no.11 (Mar 2019): 98–121.https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-06-2017-0046Jon D. Wisman Politics, Not Economics, Ultimately Drives Inequality, Challenge 60, no.44 (Jun 2017): 347–367.https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2017.1320906Yanbi Hong Gender Inequality and Ethnicity, (Jan 2016): 77–96.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-232-5_4Jon D. Wisman, Aaron Pacitti What the American Elite Won over the Past 35 Years and What All Other Americans Lost, Challenge 58, no.33 (Jun 2015): 197–221.https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2015.1041842Suo Deng, Jin Huang, Minchao Jin, Michael Sherraden Household assets, school enrollment, and parental aspirations for children's education in rural C hina: Does gender matter?, International Journal of Social Welfare 23, no.22 (Apr 2013): 185–194.https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12034Noha M.F. Emara Income Elasticity and the Gender Gap: A Challenging MDG for the MENA Countries, Review of Middle East Economics and Finance 10, no.33 (Jan 2014).https://doi.org/10.1515/rmeef-2012-0034ATM Jahiruddin, Patricia Short, Wolfram Dressler, M. Adil Khan Can microcredit worsen poverty? Cases of exacerbated poverty in Bangladesh, Development in Practice 21, no.88 (Nov 2011): 1109–1121.https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2011.607155Fang Lee Cooke Women's participation in employment in Asia: a comparative analysis of China, India, Japan and South Korea, The International Journal of Human Resource Management 21, no.1212 (Oct 2010): 2249–2270.https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.509627Rebecca Tiessen Small Victories But Slow Progress, International Feminist Journal of Politics 10, no.22 (Jun 2008): 198–215.https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740801957547Gill Steel, Ikuo Kabashima Cross-Regional Support for Gender Equality, International Political Science Review 29, no.22 (Mar 2008): 133–156.https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512107085609Timothy Patrick Moran Kuznets’s Inverted U-Curve Hypothesis: The Rise, Demise, and Continued Relevance of a Socioeconomic Law, Sociological Forum 20, no.22 (Jun 2005): 209–244.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11206-005-4098-yWendy Wang Son preference and educational opportunities of children in China— “I wish you were a boy!”, Gender Issues 22, no.22 (Jun 2005): 3–30.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-005-0012-4Emily Hannum Market Transition: Educational Disparities, and Family Strategies in Rural China: New Evidence on Gender Stratification and Development, Demography 42, no.22 (Jan 2005): 275–299.https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0014Chengze Simon Fan, Hon-Kwong Lui Structural change and the narrowing gender gap in wages: theory and evidence from Hong Kong, Labour Economics 10, no.55 (Oct 2003): 609–626.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(03)00032-0 Nancy Forsythe , Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz , and Valerie Durrant Gender Inequalities and Economic Growth: A Longitudinal Evaluation Forsythe, Economic Development and Cultural Change 48, no.33 (Jul 2015): 573–617.https://doi.org/10.1086/452611Junsen Zhang, Jie Zhang, Tianyou Li Gender bias and economic development in an endogenous growth model, Journal of Development Economics 59, no.22 (Aug 1999): 497–525.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(99)00022-XDipankar Purkayastha Patriarchal Monopoly and Economic Development, Feminist Economics 5, no.22 (Jan 1999): 61–78.https://doi.org/10.1080/135457099337941Bülent Mengüç The Earnings Gap Between Male and Female Sales Managers, Industrial Marketing Management 27, no.55 (Sep 1998): 385–400.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(97)00093-XRichard Tardanico Employment, restructuring, and gender: The case of San José, Costa Rica, Studies In Comparative International Development 31, no.33 (Sep 1996): 85–122.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02738990

Devaluation under Pressure: India, Indonesia, and Ghana

Devaluation Under Pressure illustrates the options open to a developing country's political leaders when faced with a balance of payments crisis. It focuses on the practical problems that policymakers have in planning and implementing a currency devaluation and is based not only on the usual secondary works but also on interviews with some of the policymakers involved and on primary, classified documents. The book presents unique historical information about decision-making in India, Indonesia, and Ghana. The chapter on India, for example, summarizes the Woods-Mehta Agreement which committed the Indian Government to major policy changes that were not implemented. The precise text of this agreement is still being closely held. And the Ghana chapter includes correspondence between the author and former Prime Minister Busia who was able to review the material and provided his perspective on the devaluation and the subsequent coup which overthrew him. Although the current international financial regime is called a flexible exchange rate system, virtually all less-developed countries peg their currencies to one of the major reserve currencies and must be ready to adapt to the short-term and long-term oscillations of that currency. So the question of devaluation is a pressing issue. Also, devaluations are frequently one part of a package of policy measures that LDCs must implement in order to qualify for resources from the International Monetary Fund, private banks, and various aid donors. The three case studies of currency devaluation decisions presented here represent historically significant examples of such devaluations under pressure. The similarities and differences of the same economic policy choice in India (1966), Indonesia (1970), and Ghana (1971) have enabled the author to generalize about what drives a country to devalue its currency, the determinants of a devaluation's success, and what the critical stages are in the devaluation process.

The dilemma of technological choice in India: The case of the small tractor

The dilemma of technological choice in India: The case of the small tractor