Conjoint Analysis Research Articles

Geospatial fish consumption patterns and paradigmsin Odisha State, India

The current study investigated the geographic distribution and characteristics of fish consumption in Odisha State, India. The study was conducted across various locations, comprising urban coastal (Puri), rural coastal (Balasore), urban non-coastal (Cuttack) andrural non-coastal (Mayurbhanj) districts in the state. A total of 1440 respondents were selected for assessing the fish consumption patterns across theses diverse locations. According to the consumer profile, 82% of respondents were between the age of 20 and50, with 24% having a college degree. More than 90% of the respondents reported that they consume fish regularly. The results indicated that increased fish availability (62%), accessibility (52%), and affordability (48%) contributed to a rise in fish consumption over time. Over all, distance to the fish access points ranged between 1 to 2 . Catla was the most preferred fish species among consumers, followed by Rohu and other carps. Several barriers to increasing fish consumption were identified based on the perceptions of the respondents, such as erratic availability, lack of preference for fresh fish, wide price variations, limited access and high price. The data were analysed using a range of statistical and econometric methods, including conjoint analysis, preference assessment index and discriminant analysis. Keywords: Coastal, Conjoint analysis, Discriminant analysis, Fish consumption, Non-coastal, Preference assessment index

Comprehensive analysis of RNA-5-methylcytosine modification in breast cancer brain metastasis.

Aim: To delineate the RNA-5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM).Methods: Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation next-generation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) was performed to obtain RNA-m5C patterns of BCBM.Results: 1048 hypermethylation and 1866 hypomethylation m5C peaks were identified in BCBM compared with those in breast cancer. The most significant m5C hypermethylated genes included ENG, SHANK1, IGFN1, EVL and MMP9, whereas the most significant m5C hypomethylated genes included AREG, SAA2, TP53I11, KRT7 and LCN2. MeRIP-qPCR data were concordant with the corresponding MeRIP-seq results in terms of the observed m5C levels. Conjoint analysis identified 190 hyper-up genes characterized by concurrent m5C hypermethylation and up-regulation, alongside 284 hypo-down genes exhibiting both m5C hypomethylation and down-regulation.Conclusion: This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of RNA-m5C modification in BCBM.

Lifetime deals: the role of software service offering in convincing consumers

Purpose This study aims to reveal consumer purchase intentions for Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) lifetime deals and the role of service offerings in shaping these intentions. Design/methodology/approach Lifetime deals − an aggressive market penetration strategy − have the potential to allow startups to gain market share, user base and the cash necessary for growth. However, startups need to mitigate consumer concerns for which service offering design plays a key role. Drawing on expectancy-value and signaling theories, this study developed a research model and then conducted empirical research on 2,173 consumers via choice-based conjoint analysis to reveal the critical service offering attributes for consumer utility in lifetime deals in the SaaS presentation tool market context. After using the hierarchical Bayes model to derive each respondent’s part-worth utilities for service offering attributes, the hypotheses were tested via the factor score regression method. Findings The results show that the service offering attributes of low price, refund option, human support and feature updates enhance consumer utility in SaaS lifetime deals. Three of these four attributes, namely, low price, refund option and feature updates, enhance consumers' purchase intentions by reducing their concerns about the service’s performance, seller and lifespan, respectively. Originality/value This study elucidates consumer purchase intentions for SaaS services in digital marketplaces. By investigating a widespread market entry strategy − lifetime deals − it shows consumer preferences and behavior for these deals in the fast-growing online tools market. This study also shows how startups can use lifetime deals through a well-designed service offering to mitigate various consumer concerns.

Dissection of genetic architecture for desirable traits in sugarcane by integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics

Sugarcane is an important sugar and energy crop. Breeding varieties with high yield and sugar, strong stress tolerance, as well as beneficial for mechanized harvesting are the goal of sugarcane breeder. In the present study, transcriptomics and metabolomics were conducted to explore the molecular basis for outstanding performance of five elite varieties GT42, GT44, LC05-136, YZ08-1609, and YZ05-51, along with the cross-parent CP72-1210 compared to ROC22. Transcriptomics revealed a total of 18,353 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and several regulatory pathways, including carbon fixation, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, as well as zeatin biosynthesis. Expression patterns of genes involved in these pathways confirmed their role in determining the agronomic traits. Besides, metabolomics disclosed 175 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including specific metabolites of amino acids and secondary metabolites. Furthermore, conjoint analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics highlighted the manipulation of 113 genes led to changed levels of 20 metabolites associated with carbon fixation, sucrose accumulation, phytohormone response and secondary metabolism. Finally, we depicted here a blueprint outlining the genetic basis underlying the desirable traits in sugarcane. This study will accelerate the dissection of the molecular basis for sugarcane traits and provide targets for molecular breeding.

Which features of AI-based tools are important for students? A choice-based conjoint analysis

AI-based language tools such as ChatGPT have the potential to fundamentally change studying and teaching at universities. Since there have been few empirical studies on the use of AI systems by students, this article aims to analyze the use of AI in higher education. In particular, it focuses on identifying features that are important to students when using AI during their studies. For this purpose, a choice-based conjoint experiment was conducted through a survey involving over 6300 participants from German universities. The results show that students attach particular importance to the degree of scientific rigor. The optimal package for an AI-based tool for studying includes the citation of reliable or truthful sources, the detection and correction of errors in the input, a comprehensive and detailed formulation of the output, no AI-caused hallucinations and transparency of the database. These characteristics differ only slightly in group-specific analyses.

Conjoint Analysis to Define Beer Label and the Influence of Labeled Bottles and Music on the Sensory Profile of Craft and Industrial Beers

ABSTRACTPackaging label and music influence product acceptance and sensory profiling. This study defined the ideal label for a craft beer using the modified choice‐based conjoint analysis (MCBCA), as well as the sensory profile of this craft beer and an industrial beer in two tests: a blind test and a test in the presence of the labeled bottle and of a sertanejo universitário song, using a rate‐all‐that‐apply (RATA) list. MCBCA revealed that craft beer label's most favorable attributes included information on harmonization with food, a traditional‐themed illustration, and a strong emphasis on the brand and beer type. The RATA list comprised descriptive attributes, affective terms, product‐relevant phrases, and feelings. Nonsensory characteristics had a positive impact on the craft beer description but a negative impact on the industrial beer, with descriptors such as “watery,” negative affective terms memories for it. The influence of labeled bottles and music on consumers' sensory descriptions underscores the importance of nonsensory characteristics in the product's evaluation and success.

Effects of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and biochar application on phosphorus availability and tomato growth under phosphorus stress

BackgroundPhosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are vital in converting insoluble phosphorus into a soluble form that plants can readily absorb and utilize in soil. While previous studies have mainly focused on the extracellular secretion of microorganisms, few have explored the intricate intracellular metabolic processes involved in PSB-mediated phosphorus solubilization.ResultsHere, we uncovered that Ca3(PO4)2 could serve as a source of insoluble phosphorus for the PSB, Pseudomonas sp. NK2. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results indicated higher levels of organic acids released from insoluble phosphorus compared to a soluble phosphorus source (KH2PO4), with acetic acid released exclusively under insoluble phosphorus condition. Moreover, non-target metabolomics was employed to delve into the intracellular metabolic profile. It unveiled that insoluble phosphorus significantly enhanced the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, glyoxylic acid metabolism, and other pathways, leading to the production of acetic acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, and citric acid for insoluble phosphorus solubilization. In our quest to identify suitable biochar carriers, we assessed seven types of biochar through the conjoint analysis of NBRIP medium culture and application to soil for 30 days, with cotton straw-immobilized NK2 emerging as the most potent phosphorus content provider. Lastly, NK2 after cotton straw immobilization demonstrated the ability to enhance biomass, plant height, and root development of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro Tom.ConclusionsPseudomonas sp. NK2 with cotton straw biochar could enhance phosphorus availability and tomato growth. These findings bear significant implications for the practical application of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria in agricultural production and the promotion of environmentally sustainable farming practices.

Factors Influencing Treatment Preference in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: A Study Using Conjoint Analysis.

Despite the wide range of treatment options available for diabetic macular edema (DME), adherence to treatment remains a barrier. Therefore, this study used conjoint analysis to examine the factors that patients with DME prioritize when choosing a course of treatment and investigated differences in quality of life and levels of disease self-management in patients with or without experience of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey in Japan between May 31, 2022, and June 30, 2022. Questionnaires were sent to 27,236 individuals registered in the diabetes panels, with experience of treatment for DME within the last 10years. Conjoint analysis was employed to calculate the relative importance, i.e., degree of influence on patients' treatment choices, considering the trade-offs among five factors: cost per treatment, frequency of visits, anticipated post-treatment visual acuity, physician's explanation about disease and treatment, and frequency of treatment-related side effects. A total of 237 responses were used to assess the relative importance of cost per treatment, frequency of visits, anticipated post-treatment visual acuity, physician's explanation about the disease, treatment, and frequency of treatment-related side effects using conjoint analysis. The importance of each factor was anticipated post-treatment visual acuity at 30.0, frequency of treatment-related side effects at 25.5, treatment frequency at 17.7, cost per treatment at 16.5, and physician explanation about the disease and treatment at 10.4. The average EuroQoL 5 dimension 5 level index value in patients with and without anti-VEGF treatment experience was 0.785 and 0.825, respectively, with no major difference. Anticipated post-treatment visual acuity was identified as the most important factor in selecting a treatment regardless of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment experience demonstrating when patients with DME make treatment choices, anticipated post-treatment visual acuity is prioritized over treatment frequency and cost.

Integrated genome-wide association and transcriptomic studies reveal genetic architecture of bulb storability of plentiful garlic germplasm resources

Abstract Garlic is a widely utilized condiments and health product. However, garlic bulbs are prone to quality deterioration resulting in decrease of economic value during postharvest. In this study, the storability of 501 garlic accessions worldwide was evaluated based on the examination of decay index (DI), decay rate, sprouting rate, and bud to clove ratio in two consecutive years. The DI was employed as a primary index for evaluating the storability of garlic. Among these garlic, 43 accessions exhibited strong storability with DI of 0-5%. Phenotypic and cytological observations revealed that strong-storability accessions displayed delayed sprouting and decay, a slow rate of nutrient transfer to vascular bundles. Through genome-wide association study (GWAS), 234 single nucleotide polymorphism loci (SNPs) were associated with the storability, which were located in or near 401 genes, which were annotated the functions of resistance, storage substances transport, etc. Total of 44 genes were screened using selective sweep analysis. Transcriptomic analysis was performed at four periods after storage in the 8N035 accession with strong-storability and 8N258 accession with weak-storability. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated in the 8N258 compared with 8N035 were enriched in photosynthesis and stress response, whereas the down-regulated genes were enriched in response of biotic and abiotic stress and defense response. A co-expression network and GWAS identified three hub genes as key regulatory genes. Conjoint analysis of GWAS, selective sweep and transcriptomic analysis identified 21 important candidate genes. These findings provided excellent resources with storability and vital candidate genes regulating storability for biological breeding of garlic.

Writing restaurant menu descriptions: The influence of word choice on consumer behavior

This study examined the influence of words used in restaurant menu descriptions. Menu descriptions are typically short, communicating a great deal of information in a brief statement. Understanding the types of words that resonate most with consumers addresses a gap in menu research. Correspondingly, this study assessed how consumers process menu words to minimize ordering risk by applying a choice-based conjoint analysis approach utilizing word attributes and levels. 1500 participants were recruited to simultaneously evaluate multiple menu description variations. Findings noted that words can be classified as hedonic (emotional) or utilitarian (functional) and that utilitarian words can be further sub-categorized as experiential or descriptive. Findings support a hierarchy of word influence, and add to research literature, specifically menu design. The practical implications are that restaurateurs can improve their menu descriptions by utilizing words drawn from the most influential categories as a means of mitigating consumer anxiety.

Proteomics and Microbiota Conjoint Analysis in the Nasal Mucus: Revelation of Differences in Immunological Function in Manis javanica and Manis pentadactyla.

All eight pangolin species, especially captive Manis pentadactyla, are critically endangered and susceptible to various pathogenic microorganisms, causing mass mortality. They are involved in the complement system, iron transport system, and inflammatory factors. M. pentadactyla exhibited a higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens, Moraxella, which potentially evaded complement-mediated immune response by reducing C5 levels and counteracting detrimental effects through transferrin neutralization. In addition, we found that the major structure of C5a, an important inflammatory factor, was lacking in M. javanica. In brief, this study revealed the differences in immune factors and microbiome between M. javanica and M. pentadactyla, thus providing a theoretical basis for subsequent immunotherapy.

Too much, too little? A CBC approach accounting for screening from both sides

Consumers are often assumed to use a two-stage decision process, screening out products in the first step and choosing among the remaining alternatives in the second step. When analyzing data from discrete choice studies, a compensatory decision strategy is usually presumed. Gilbride and Allenby (2004) introduced a method to model a decision process in a choice-based conjoint analysis combining the compensatory assumption with the two-stage decision process. Respondents first screen out alternatives that do not meet minimum requirements for attributes, followed by a choice between the remaining alternatives using the compensatory rule.In this paper, we extend their approach by considering not only screening with a minimum threshold but also with a maximum value for every attribute. We compare this extension to the original method by Gilbride and Allenby (2004) and a single-step compensatory model. We do so on the basis of one simulation scenario as well as three empirical conjoint datasets.The results indicate that two-sided screening is applied especially to prices. Both the original and extended models exhibit nearly identical performance. However, they outperform the one-step choice model that ignores screening in terms of fit and predictive validity.

User Preferences on a Generative AI User Interface Through a Choice Experiment

Since the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, the number of services providing generative AI has been steadily increasing. As different services enter the market, the generative AI interfaces users experience become more diverse. However, none of the services has yet established itself as the dominant tool, and which interface component affects user preferences the most has yet to be identified. This study investigates user preferences based on the interface of generative AI services currently on the market. We investigated users’ preferred interface components by setting the output data type, generative style, output variation, reference style, and generation history provided by the current generative AI service as properties. We collected data from 500 users through a survey and conducted conjoint analysis. Users preferred the provision of 10 generation histories the most, and the second most preferred the provision of reference style in footnote format. In addition, it was found that there was no preference for the creative generative style, which can be interpreted as users being aware of the problem of hallucination in generative AI. The results of this study will help future generative AI services design interfaces that consider user experience.

Transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed the molecular basis of the color formation in the roots of Panax notoginseng

Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine rich in many pharmacological components. The root of the ‘Miaoxiang Sanqi No. 2’ is yellow or greenish yellow, while a novel cultivar-‘Wenyuan Ziqi No. 1’ shows purple root and is thought to have high medicinal value. Little information is available about the anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. notoginseng root. In this study, we compared the ‘Miaoxiang Sanqi No. 2’ and ‘Wenyuan Ziqi No. 1’ in morphological, transcriptional and metabolic levels. The results showed that purple rich in the periderm, rhizome and phloem around cambium of the ‘Wenyuan Ziqi No. 1’ root and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside was the main anthocyanin causing purple. Moreover, ‘Wenyuan Ziqi No. 1’ highly accumulated in 155 metabolites, including flavones, phenylpropanoids and lipids. Transcriptome data showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway genes are highly expressed in ‘Wenyuan Ziqi No. 1’. Conjoint analysis showed that anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway substances were highly accumulated in ‘Wenyuan Ziqi No. 1’, and the expression level of structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was higher in ‘Wenyuan Ziqi No. 1’. Meanwhile, eight R2R3-MYB genes that might be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified. The comprehensive analysis of two cultivars provides new insights into the understanding of root coloration in P. notoginseng.

Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumor cells (TC) participate in tumor progression by altering the immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. However, the clinical relevance and prognostic effect of PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions and clinical significance of PD-L1 expression and TILs in ESCC. Tissue specimens were collected from 126 patients with ESCC who underwent curative esophagectomy. Immunohistochemical analysis and multiplex immunofluorescence for CD4, CD8, CD25, FOXP3, and PD-L1 in the tumor were used to identify multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC), Tregs, and TC. PD-L1 was expressed in tumor cells (PD-L1 TC). PD-L1 TIIC and PD-L1 TC affected the biological behavior of TC. The positive expression rate of PD-L1 TC and CD8+ TILs was 27.8% (35/126) and 31.7% (40/126), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with decreased CD8+ TILs and PD-L1 TC-positive expression, which promote ESCC progression and metastasis. Tumor depth, CD8, and PD-L1 TC were independent prognostic factors in ESCC, and a predictive nomogram with these three risk factors improved the accuracy of predicting OS in patients with ESCC after surgical resection. The conjoint analysis of multiple immune-related factors is beneficial for stratifying patient survival risk.

Policy discounting across and beyond the lifespan

AbstractLegislators face a challenge when implementing long‐termist policies that prioritise sustainability and the well‐being of future generations: citizens prefer policies that pay off sooner rather than later. In this research note, I assess the hypothesis that the lifespan structures this temporal discounting effect. Do people show a particular preference for policies that pay off within, rather than beyond, their own lifetime? In a pre‐registered conjoint analysis with age‐group blocking (N = 2405), I find little evidence in support of this explanation. Although they significantly prefer nearer‐term policy benefits, citizens show no sign of especially preferring policies whose benefits will materialise within their own lifetimes. This pattern holds across a range of personal, political and philosophical differences. The temporal discounting effect is also substantially smaller than other policy features, such as how large the payoff of that policy is expected to be. Additionally, people are clearly willing in principle to trade off the timing of benefits for the scale of benefits, preferring larger later payoffs to sooner smaller ones. Across and beyond the lifespan, the sooner a policy pays off, the better. But, whenever they materialise, the bigger the societal benefits of that policy, the better. These findings strongly suggest that temporal policy discounting is not driven by selfish concerns, while also reinforcing that any such effect does not overwhelm citizens’ evaluations of policy proposals in principle.

Commercial Application of Artificial Intelligence in Chinese Pan-mental Healthcare Industry

In the modern educational landscape, the mounting academic demands imposed on adolescents, coupled with a noticeable trend of enrolling children into formal schooling at increasingly younger ages, have become influential factors in the exacerbation of emotional stress experienced by young individuals. This burgeoning concern for mental health matters within contemporary society necessitates a heightened level of attention and thorough investigation. This comprehensive report unfolds as an intricate exploration of multifaceted dimensions. It begins with a meticulous literature review, which delves into the existing body of knowledge surrounding the issue. Subsequently, the report investigates the practical applications of AI in the domain of mental healthcare, recognizing the potential benefits and advancements AI technology can bring to the field. Moreover, an external analysis is conducted to contextualize the broader societal and environmental factors contributing to the observed challenges. A competitive landscape assessment is performed to understand the existing solutions and their strengths and weaknesses. Further, strategies related to market segmentation and targeting are formulated to better address the diverse needs of the audience. The report also provides a detailed description of the target customer base, offering insights into the demographics and psycho-graphics of the individuals who stand to benefit most from the proposed AI-driven solution. A mock product is meticulously designed, integrating the learning from the aforementioned analyses. Furthermore, conjoint analysis and data analysis techniques are applied to discern the nuanced preferences and needs of the target audience. The study, rooted in empirical research, investigates the intricate web of psychological challenges teenagers face in present-day society. In response to the identified issues, the report outlines the development of an AI-exclusive application. This application is thoughtfully tailored to ameliorate the mental health challenges specific to teenagers, offering a promising avenue for providing timely and effective support to this vulnerable demographic.

How to design a sustainable last-mile delivery and returns business model from E-Customers' expectations perspective?

The paper aims to identify the most preferred business models for sustainable last-mile delivery among e-customers and to evaluate their impact on the environment, economics, and society. To achieve this purpose, the authors conducted a survey and applied conjoint analysis, the Delphi method, and the MCDM: Promethee-Gaia. The research shows that price is the most significant factor for e-customers when choosing a delivery method. However, experts did not consider the business models for last-mile delivery and return preferred by e-customers sustainable. These models create value for customers but not for the urban community at large. The research shows a business model for last-mile delivery that can offer a compromise between creating value for e-customers and co-creating value for the city. The results offer valuable guidelines for both courier companies and local governments.

Decoding comparative taste and nutrition regulation in Chinese cabbage via integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis

Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is a widely consumed leafy vegetable known for its various health-beneficial nutrients. Caixin (ET and JY) represent distinct cultivars of Chinese cabbage that exhibit differential consumer preference attributed to variations in taste and nutritional content, with ET being characterized as sweeter and more nutritionally superior compared to JY. However, limited research has been conducted to explore regulation of flavor and nutrition-related quality traits in Chinese cabbage. In this pioneer study, comprehensive trans-meta-analysis was used to compare the metabolic and molecular underpinnings behind unique taste and nutritional profiles of ET and JY. 8-Methylsulfonyloctyl glucosinolates and Uridine 5′-diphospho-D-glucose exhibited the highest correlation coefficient in Pearson meta–meta-association, which modulate flavor and nutrition processes. While DAMs primarily featured L-Homomethionine, saccharic acid, 1,6-Di-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucose, and Rutin, with notable variations in expression between ET and JY. Conspicuously, DEGs encoding structural enzymes i.e. Glucosinolates (MAM, CYP, UGT), flavonoids (CHS, CHI, F3H) and sucrose (SPS, SPP, SUS) synthases were identified as key players in nutrient and flavor production. Multi-omics conjoint analysis revealed that saccharides, amino acids, ascorbates, flavonoids, organic acids and vitamins were positively correlated with taste and nutrition, and were found to be overexpressed in ET. While aliphatic glucosinolates were abundant in JY compared to ET, they might play a critical role in regulating quality traits. Besides, HPLC and RT-qPCR corroborated multi-omics data reliability. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms governing the regulation of taste and nutritional levels in Chinese cabbage.

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescents: What Parents Care About.

Numerous techniques exist for pediatric medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction (MPFL-R). Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons and patient families must navigate choices between allograft and autograft, incision type, and surgery cost. While previous research has found similar surgical outcomes among different MPFL-R techniques, minimal data exists on what patients and their families prefer. To engage in shared decision-making (SDM), pediatric orthopaedic surgeons must understand family preferences, including between incision type and cost. We conducted a study utilizing choice-based conjoint (CBC) analysis to explore these preferences. A survey was developed using Sawtooth Software (Lighthouse Studio version 9.2.0) to gather demographic information and preferences on surgical scenarios via CBC analysis. Anonymous participants, recruited via the Prolific crowdsourcing platform, qualified if they were US residents over 18 years of age with children aged 13 to 17. Data analysis involved the Hierarchical Bayes (HB) method to generate utility scores to determine the desirability of attributes. The study included 496 participants who prioritized surgical success (average importance 48.8%) followed by co-pay amount (21.5%), incision size (17.4%), and return to sport (12.3%). Participants earning over $200,000 annually prioritized incision size over cost (25.8% vs. 12.1%, P<0.0053). Those with incomes below $50,000 valued recovery time at a lesser extent than other income groups (10.4% than 12.3% overall importance P<0.0003). The sex of the child significantly influenced preferences: incision size was more important to parents of girls (21.1%) than boys (14.0%, P<.0001). The importance of surgery success and recovery time also differed by sex, being higher for boys (50.4%, 13.1%) than girls (47.0%, 11.7%; P=0.025, 0.026, respectively). This CBC analysis suggests parents of adolescent patients undergoing MPFL-R most value surgical success (avoiding revision surgery), followed by copay, incision size, and time to return to sport. Of note, parent income level and sex of the child significantly influenced parental preferences. We hope this information will assist orthopaedic surgeons in SDM in MPFL-R surgery. Level III.