Chlorpromazine Therapy Research Articles

Aplastic anaemia and agranulocytosis following chlorpromazine therapy.

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 1, Issue 4 p. 130-131 Reports of Case APLASTIC ANÆMIA AND AGRANULOCYTOSIS FOLLOWING CHLORPROMAZINE THERAPY J. Grantley Shelton M.B.E., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.O.G., J. Grantley Shelton M.B.E., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.O.G. MelbourneSearch for more papers by this authorW. R. Kingston M.D., M.R.A.C.P., D.P.M., W. R. Kingston M.D., M.R.A.C.P., D.P.M. MelbourneSearch for more papers by this authorColin McRae M.R.C.P., M.R.A.C.P., Colin McRae M.R.C.P., M.R.A.C.P. MelbourneSearch for more papers by this author J. Grantley Shelton M.B.E., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.O.G., J. Grantley Shelton M.B.E., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.O.G. MelbourneSearch for more papers by this authorW. R. Kingston M.D., M.R.A.C.P., D.P.M., W. R. Kingston M.D., M.R.A.C.P., D.P.M. MelbourneSearch for more papers by this authorColin McRae M.R.C.P., M.R.A.C.P., Colin McRae M.R.C.P., M.R.A.C.P. MelbourneSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1960 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1960.tb105223.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume1, Issue4January 1960Pages 130-131 RelatedInformation

SOME CONSTITUENTS OF THE URINE OF NORMAL AND SCHIZOPHRENIC INDIVIDUALS: PART II

A comparison has been made of the compounds detectable on two-dimensional paper chromatograms by their ultraviolet absorption or fluorescence, or by development with diazotized sulphanilics acid (DSA), in extracts of the urines of normal and schizophrenic individuals. No significant difference could be detected. Of the six DSA coupling compounds reported in Part I (1) to have a possible connection with schizophrenia, only four were detected in this survey and their distribution in the urine samples does not suggest that any have a connection with the disease. Most of the compounds reported in Part I were found again in this survey along with 70 DSA or Altman-positive new materials of which many were present in only a few samples. A small number of additional compounds were detected in the urine of schizophrenics on Chlorpromazine or Reserpine therapy. No significant difference between the human pseudocholine esterase inhibitory properties of the extracts from normal and schizophrenic urines was observed.

A Controlled Trial of Thiopropazate Dihydrochloride (Dartalan), Chlorpromazine and Occupational Therapy in Chronic Schizophrenics

Since the introduction of chlorpromazine for the treatment of mental illnesses a number of other tranquillizing drugs, belonging to the phenothiazine group, have come into use. Experience has shown that the first of a new kind of drug is not necessarily the best and it is important that “variations on a theme” should be properly tested.

Comparison of low and high dosage procedures in chlorpromazine therapy.

Comparison of low and high dosage procedures in chlorpromazine therapy.

Chlorpromazine and iproniazid toxic hepatitis in the same patient.

The wide diversity of usefulness of chlorpromazine* in clinical practice is too well known to review in this paper. Suffice it to say, it has found widespread acceptance because of its profound antiemetic effect, its ability to potentiate narcotics and sedatives, and most of all, its capacity to alleviate anxiety, agitation, and tension states. Dosage has varied tremendously, and complications have been noted at all dosage levels and at all durations of therapy. We are primarily interested in the production of jaundice as a complication of chlorpromazine therapy, which has been reported in as low as 0.2% 1 and as high as 5% of patients, 2 with an average of 1.26% 3 (103 cases of jaundice in 8,127 treated cases). Histologic and biochemical data indicate a picture which mimics extrahepatic obstruction: An elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase, serum cholesterol, and serum bilirubin, with little or no disturbance of the

Clinical aspects of jaundice resulting from intrahepatic obstruction.

Currently drug sensitivity reactions are responsible for most instances of self-limited jaundice due to primary intrahepatic cholestasis. Icterus associated with chlorpromazine therapy represents a classic example. The development of jaundice after the drug therapy is discontinued and the occurrence of prolonged jaundice are illustrated in two patients as uncommon but noteworthy examples of this drug idiosyncrasy. In a third case, a 54-year-old man became jaundiced after four months' medication with methyl testosterone. A chronic progressive form of jaundice resulting from intrahepatic obstruction is exemplified by a 47-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis of unknown etiology. The slowly increasing rise of the serum bilirubin level was temporarily reversed by steroid therapy. This effect was more likely due to the suppression of a mild concomitant hemolytic than to an effect on her liver disease. Subsequently the serum bilirubin level rose again. Death occurred after hemorrhage from esophageal varices.

Prolonged administration of chlorpromazine (thorazine) hydrochloride.

Since chlorpromazine strikingly improves the adjustment of many psychiatric patients without being truly curative, administration in many cases must be continued for years. In order to detect possible adverse effects of such prolonged medication, a study was made in 50 patients who took it for two to four years. The total amounts taken by individual patients ranged from 54 to 1,078 Gm. All patients gained weight. No evidence of renal or hepatic dysfunction was found. Amenorrhea occurred in two-fifths of the women, but sometimes menstruation was resumed without interruption or reduction of the dosage. In some patients the white blood cell count dropped as low as 3,000 per cubic millimeter of blood; but it was not necessary to interrupt the medication, because the counts returned to normal while chlorpromazine therapy continued. Three patients manifested photosensitization each year from May to October but were desensitized by repeated limited exposures to the sun. Chlorpromazine enabled these patients to remain outside of the hospital, to work, and to be reasonably comfortable in spite of the persistence of their basic illness.

Spinal fluid changes during chlorpromazine therapy.

Four schizophrenic patients receiving chlorpromazine in doses adequate to produce a Parkinsonian syndrome but with no history or physical findings of other neurological disease showed elevation of cerebrospinal fluid protein ranging from 51 to 108 mg.%. Further studies are, of course, indicated and are under way. Besides confirming these findings in a larger series and investigating related drugs in the phenothiazine group, it is planned to evaluate the effect of dosage and duration of administration. Thus far the opportunity has been granted to examine spinal fluids before and after chlorpromazine on 3 non-psychiatric patients; all were on lower doses than those ordinarily employed in the treatment of psychosis. After 30 days of chlorpromazine (average daily dose 400 mg.) during which time none of the patients showed Parkinsonian manifestations, the spinal fluid levels rose in one case from 21 to 47 mg.%, in another from 27 to 55 mg.% and in the third from 45 to 57 mg.%. It is not now possible to say whe...

High dosage chlorpromazine therapy after previous agranulocytosis.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessHIGH DOSAGE CHLORPROMAZINE THERAPY AFTER PREVIOUS AGRANULOCYTOSISM. G. JACOBYM. G. JACOBYSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.114.11.1040AboutSectionsView articleAbstractPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleAbstractA case of a patient who was treated with 6,400 mg. chlorpromazine daily, in spite of two previous attacks of agranulocytosis, is presented. Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByJournal of Mental Science, Vol. 107, No. 447CASE REPORTSTREATMENT WITH HIGH DOSAGE TRIFLUPROMAZINEM. G. JACOBY1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 116, No. 6 Volume 114Issue 11 May 1958Pages 1040-1040 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 May 1958

Severe angioneurotic edema during chlorpromazine therapy.

Severe angioneurotic edema during chlorpromazine therapy.

TWO YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF CHLORPROMAZINE AND THE INCIDENCE OF CONVULSIONS IN FIFTY POST-LOBOTOMY PATIENTS

Our 2 year follow-up study of 50 post-lobotomy patients and the incidence of convulsions with chlorpromazine therapy reveals the following conclusions: 1. Chlorpromazine did not increase the frequency of convulsions in post-lobotomy patients who have a convulsive background. 2. In post-lobotomy patients who never had convulsions, chlorpromazine did not produce convulsions but the possibility of a masked fit in one case of sudden death must be entertained. 3. In patients who have a history of convulsions, the seizures seemed to occur within 2-4 weeks of the institution of therapy but the number of fits seems to be decreasing. This may indicate a probable synergistic action between the anti-convulsants and chlorpromazine. 4. Anti-convulsants should be continued while the patient is on chlorpromazine if there is a history of convulsions. 5. In our opinion, there is no contra-indication or risk in the use of chlorpromazine for the relief of psychotic symptoms in post-lobotomy patients providing convulsive p...

Long continuing jaundice following minimal chlorpromazine (thorazine) medication.

Case Reports1 January 1958LONG CONTINUING JAUNDICE FOLLOWING MINIMAL CHLORPROMAZINE (THORAZINE) MEDICATIONHERMAN M. MEYER, M.D., JEROME E. COOK, M.D., F.A.C.P.HERMAN M. MEYER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JEROME E. COOK, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-48-1-199 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMany reports have appeared regarding the occasional occurrence of jaundice in patients who are receiving or have recently received chlorpromazine. It is rather generally stated that the incidence of such jaundice is very low, around 1% or less, although some clinicians have had a less favorable experience, such as the three cases of jaundice in 26 patients reported by Isaacs, Macarthur and Taylor.1Our own experience, though meager, has been of a similarly frequent incidence of jaundice. The severity of the case here reported has given us caution in any free employment of the drug. While the conclusions voiced as...Bibliography1. IsaacsMacarthurTaylor BJGRM: Jaundice in relation to chlorpromazine therapy, Brit. M. J. 2: 1122-1124 (Nov. 5) 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Missouri*Received for publication July 23, 1956.From the Medical Service of the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Jerome E. Cook, M.D., 4409 West Pine Boulevard, St. Louis 8, Missouri. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExaggerated cholestasis and hepatic fibrosis following simultaneous administration of chlorpromazine and sodium valproatePsychological Consequences of Drug JaundiceInterpretation of the Liver BiopsyPhenothiazine und Azaphenothiazine als HeilmittelXanthomatous biliary cirrhosis following chlorpromazineChronic chlorpromazine jaundicePROBABLE HEPATIC ALLERGY TO CHLORPROMAZINE AND DELIBERATE DESENSITIZATION*LEO WAITZKIN, M.D.DRUG-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY*HANS POPPER, M.D., F.A.C.P., FENTON SCHAFFNER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Tranquilizers in Surgery 1 January 1958Volume 48, Issue 1Page: 199-202KeywordsBileChlorpromazineDrugsMedical services ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1958 PDF downloadLoading ...

Mammary Gland Changes During Chlorpromazine Therapy

Mammary Gland Changes During Chlorpromazine Therapy

Therapeutic and toxic effects of chlorpromazine among 3,-14 hospitalized cases.

1. There were 3,014 cases admitted to treatment with chlorpromazine in doses of 200 to 400 mgm. daily during an 18-month period beginning January, 1955. 2. Response to treatment was best in agitated states of most mental disease categories. It was poorest in akinetic states with a good proportion showing a deepening of their depression. Side-effects were infrequent and not serious, appearing in the first 2 weeks and often subsiding on continued therapy. There were no permanent sequelae even after more than 18 months of medication. 3. Jaundice occurred in 13 patients, an incidence of 43%. No relation was found between the jaundice and amount or duration of dosage. 4. Leukopenia below 2,000 white blood cells cu. mm. was found in 3 patients (.11%) all of whom recovered on withdrawal of treatment. 5. Serial tests for total serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase plus complete blood cell counts were done on 1,215 cases. These periodic checks may have helped in maintaining a low incidence of toxic complications by sustaining clinical alertness. 6. During chlorpromazine therapy, the serum alkaline phosphatase rose more frequently than did the total serum bilirubin. Only one-fifth of the cases with alkaline phosphatase values over 8 units were jaundiced, a weak positive correlation. 7. Serial serum bilirubin and leukocyte counts during the first 4 months are useful in detecting the onset of toxic jaundice and/or leukopenia.

Serum Copper and Oxidase Activity in Schizophrenic Patients

The possibility that the metabolism of epinephrine and of other amines may be altered in schizophrenia, the observation that plasma copper is increased during chlorpromazine therapy,1and the knowledge that ceruloplasmin, a copper-protein in serum which varies with stress situations, can oxidize epinephrine have stimulated research on copper in serum of mental patients. A recent claim by Akerfeldt2that the fresh blood serum from mental patients had the capacity to oxidize N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine more rapidly than fresh serum from healthy control subjects, and that this increased oxidizing activity of serum from mental cases was probably due to an increase in ceruloplasmin in the serum of mental patients makes it pertinent to review the factors which affect this and related reactions. Except for a marked decrease in ceruloplasmin in serum of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration and in some patients with the nephrotic syndrome, the blood levels of

Hepatic dysfunction during promazine therapy.

PROMAZINE hydrochloride is a relatively new drug whose pharmacologic properties are stated to be similar to those of chlorpromazine.1 2 3 Both are derivatives of phenothiazine. Promazine differs from chlorpromazine in lacking a chlorine radical.It is well known that hepatic dysfunction and jaundice may occur during chlorpromazine therapy.4 Liver involvement during promazine therapy has not yet been reported.In the case reported below, hepatic dysfunction and urticaria appeared while promazine was being administered.Case ReportA 26-year-old robust man with the diagnosis of schizophrenic reaction, catatonic type, was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital on March 26, 1956.On April 12 . . .

Intrahepatic obstructive jaundice following the administration of 75 mg. of chlorpromazine.

Case Reports1 August 1957INTRAHEPATIC OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF 75 MG. OF CHLORPROMAZINEEDWARD E. WOLDMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., DAVID FISHMAN, M.D.EDWARD E. WOLDMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID FISHMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-47-2-332 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChlorpromazine (Thorazine) is being widely used in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders,1 the nausea and vomiting of diverse etiology,2 intractable hiccups,3 and as an analgesic.4 The sedative, tranquilizing and calming properties of the drug also make it useful as an adjunct in the treatment of a variety of conditions.Numerous side-effects have been noted following the administration of chlorpromazine, but most of them are usually not severe enough to warrant discontinuing the drug therapy. However, one of the most disturbing side-effects of this therapy is jaundice, which has been reported quite frequently during this last year. The laboratory observations...Bibliography1. LehmannHanrahan HEGE: Chlorpromazine: a new inhibiting agent for psychomotor excitement and manic states, Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat. 71: 227-237 (Feb.) 1954. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FriendCummins DGJF: New antiemetic drug: preliminary report, J. A. M. A. 153: 480 (Oct. 3) 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FriedgoodRipstein CECB: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) in treatment of intractable hiccups, J. A. M. A. 157: 309 (Jan. 22) 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SadoveLevinRoseSchwartzWitt MSMJRFLFW: Chlorpromazine and narcotics in the management of pain of malignant lesions, J. A. M. A. 155: 626-628 (June 12) 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LemireMitchell RERA: Regurgitation type jaundice associated with chlorpromazine (Thorazine) administration, J. Lab. and Clin. Med. 44: 285 (Nov.) 1954. Google Scholar6. ZatuchniMiller JG: Jaundice during chlorpromazine therapy, New England J. Med. 251: 1003-1006 (Dec. 16) 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. Boardman RH: Fatal case of toxic hepatitis implicating chlorpromazine, Brit. M. J. 2: 579 (Sept. 4) 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. SussmanSumner RMP: Jaundice following the administration of 50 mg. of chlorpromazine, New England J. Med. 253: 499-502 (Sept. 22) 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. CohenArcher IMJD: Liver function and hepatic complications in patients receiving chlorpromazine, J. A. M. A. 159: 99-101 (Sept. 10) 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. Van OmmenBrown RACH: Obstructive-type jaundice due to chlorpromazine (Thorazine), J. A. M. A. 157: 321-325 (Jan. 22) 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. Harnett BS: Liver damage and eosinophilia following chlorpromazine therapy: report of a case, Brit. M. J. 1: 1458 (June 18) 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. WernerHangerKritzler SCFMRA: Jaundice during methyl testosterone therapy, Am. J. Med. 8: 325-331 (Mar.) 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. GargillLesses SLMF: Toxic reactions to thiouracil: report of cases with one fatality, J. A. M. A. 127: 890-898 (Apr. 7) 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14. HangerGutman FMAB: Postarsphenamine jaundice, apparently due to obstruction of intrahepatic biliary tract, J. A. M. A. 115: 263-271 (July 27) 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio*Received for publication April 17, 1956.From the Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Edward E. Woldman, M.D., 1021 Prospect Avenue, Cleveland 15, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPsychological Consequences of Drug JaundicePHARMACOLOGY OF HEPATOTOXIC AGENTSCLINICAL AND LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS OF HEPATOTOXICITYDRUG-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY*HANS POPPER, M.D., F.A.C.P., FENTON SCHAFFNER, M.D., F.A.C.P.HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION DUE TO CHLORPROMAZINE HYPERSENSITIVITY*LEO WAITZKIN, M.D.Drug reactions characterized by cholestasis associated with intrahepatic biliary tract obstruction 1 August 1957Volume 47, Issue 2Page: 332-338KeywordsChlorpromazineDrug therapyDrugsIngestionNauseaPhosphatasesResearch laboratoriesRespirationSedativesVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1957 PDF downloadLoading ...

Breast changes in the male and female with chlorpromazine or reserpine therapy.

Breast changes in the male and female with chlorpromazine or reserpine therapy.

Chlorpromazine hepatitis treated with cortisone.

Case Reports1 June 1957CHLORPROMAZINE HEPATITIS TREATED WITH CORTISONEMORGAN CUTTS, M.D., F.A.C.P.MORGAN CUTTS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-46-6-1160 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe occurrence of jaundice following chlorpromazine therapy has been repeatedly noted, but the exact mechanism of its production remains in doubt.1, 2 Some authors suggest a drug sensitivity, others an increased viscosity of the bile produced by the medication. Recently, benefit from treatment with cortisone in one case has been reported.1 Following is a report of another such case.CASE REPORTA 45 year old woman was admitted to the hospital because of increasing anorexia, nausea, weakness and epigastric distress for 10 days. For one week she had noted increasingly dark urine and severe generalized pruritus. She had taken 25...Bibliography1. SteinWright AAAW: Hepatic pathology in jaundice due to chlorpromazine, J. A. M. A. 161: 508 (June 9) 1956. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JohnsonDoenges HCJP: Intrahepatic obstructive jaundice, Ann. Int. Med. 44: 589 (Apr.) 1956. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Providence, Rhode Island*Received for publication September 17, 1956.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Morgan Cutts, M.D., 154 Waterman Street, Providence 6, Rhode Island. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPhenobarbital-Induced Hepatic DysfunctionThe-Effect of Cortisone on Cholangitis Induced by α-Naphthyl-Isothiocyanate in RatsPhenothiazine und Azaphenothiazine als HeilmittelXanthomatous biliary cirrhosis following chlorpromazine 1 June 1957Volume 46, Issue 6Page: 1160-1161KeywordsBileChlorpromazineDrug therapyHepatitisNauseaPruritusUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1957 PDF downloadLoading ...

A Study of Photosensitivity Occurring with Chlorpromazine Therapy

In 1900, Prime (1) noted that certain patients developed unusual cutaneous reactions to the sun's rays while under eosin therapy for epilepsy. Since that time, many therapeutic agents have been found to produce photosensitivity.