Original termination of the detonation nanodiamond (DND) was changed by active chemical media interaction. Oxidation in boiling chloric acid, by hydrogen and chlorination by carbon tetrachloride vapor was applied. FTIR, TGA, and photoluminescence techniques revealed the DND functional termination changing. At hydrogenation treatment monofunctionally of the surface demonstrated. The totality of presented results demonstrates the possibility of substantial and controlled changes in the DND functional properties, for their subsequent use in the self-organization processes, at nanocomposites preparation and for other aims.