Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection In Men Research Articles

The presence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men with chronic prostatitis.

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) DNA in the prostate material in the group of individuals with the chronic prostatitis.Material and methodsThe study included 65 males aged between 47 and 68 years of age, reporting for transrectal prostate biopsy because of the elevated serum prostate-specific antigen concentration and/or abnormalities detected in prostate palpation per rectum. The urethral smear collection was performed in all the patients in order to detect C.t. DNA. After that, the transrectal prostate biopsy was performed (histopathology tests, C.t. DNA). Additionally, the levels of anti-C.t. IgG antibodies and anti-C.t. IgA antibodies were checked in the serum. The DNA isolation from prostate specimens was conducted with the use of the Chelex method, while the C.t. DNA detection – with the ligase chain reaction. Specific antibodies were detected with the use of the ELISA method.ResultsC.t. DNA in the prostate gland was found in 7 out of 65 men (10.8%). In urethral smear, C.t. was found in none of the individuals. Anti-C.t. IgA antibodies were detected in the serum of 16/65 (24.6%), while anti-C.t. IgG antibodies in 6/65 (9.2%) of the examined males. IgA antibodies were found in two and IgG in one out of the 7 men who had C.t. infection in the prostate.ConclusionsThe presence of C.t. DNA in the prostate gland may be indicative of the role of chlamydia in the development of chronic prostatitis.

Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Russia: systematic literature review and multicenter study.

A reliable overview of data on the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in Russia is lacking and needed. All the available data on CT prevalence were analyzed in a systematic literature review on CT prevalence in Russia, strengthened with data from the multicenter study among 1263 people in the second-largest Russian megalopolis, St. Petersburg, testing for CT DNA in urethral, anal, cervical and prostate samples. A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. The overall average prevalence of genital CT infections in Russian populations ranged from 2.9% to 33%. Risk factors included being symptomatic (P = 0.004; in men P < 0.001), being younger than 30 years (P = 0.001) and being a man who has sex with men (MSM) (P = 0.0084). Main limitations included the lack of studies in MSM. CT prevalence was higher in the groups where urethral and prostate secretion samples were pooled (5.2%-7.3% vs 3.2% in the urethra only). The data on CT prevalence in a range of Russian populations are analyzed and reported. Prostate secretions represent an additional sampling material for the study of CT infection in men. CT detection in some settings in St. Petersburg yielded levels of reliability comparable with internationally available tests. The initiation of screening programs for Chlamydia infections in Russia should be considered.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Samoan women aged 18 to 29 and assessment of possible risk factors: a community-based study.

Knowledge about genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections in the Pacific is limited. In this study we investigated CT infection in Samoan women. We recruited women having unprotected sex aged 18 to 29 years from 41 Samoan villages. They completed a questionnaire and provided a urine sample for CT testing by PCR. Associations between CT infection and possible risk factors were explored using logistic regression. Altogether, 239 women were recruited; 86 (36.0%; weighted estimate of prevalence: 41.9%; 95% CI: 33.4-50.5%) were positive for CT infection. A higher proportion of women aged 18 to 24 were positive (54/145; 37.2%) than those aged 25 to 29 (32/94; 34.0%; p=0.20). Being single (OR 1.92; 95% CI: 1.02-3.63) and having two or more lifetime sexual partners (OR 3.02; 95% CI: 1.19-7.67) were associated with CT infection; 27.6% of those with one lifetime partner were positive. Participants who had a previous pregnancy were less likely to be positive (OR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27-0.87). Primiparous and multiparous women were less likely to be positive than nulliparous women (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30-0.99 and OR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24-0.89, respectively). The prevalence of CT infection in these Samoan women is very high. Further studies, including investigating the prevalence of CT infection in men, and strategies for sustainable control are needed.

Antibiotics for treating genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women

Antibiotics for treating genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women

Screening of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Men, Is It Necessary in Iran?

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent causative bacteria in sexually transmitted infections with adverse effects, which almost remain asymptomatic in society. Objectives: This project designed to determine the prevalence of Chlamydial infection in men and comparing the related risk factors in two groups of referrals based on the study inclusion criteria. Materials and Methods: Two hundreds of men who attended in the Mehrad hospital in Tehran Iran were selected and classified into two groups (symptomatic and asymptomatic). 10 mL of first void urine from each person collected and tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of C. trachomatis cryptic plasmid gene. association between condom usage as a variable and infection in asymptomatic group (P � 0.05). Results: In total, 8.5 of all subjects were positive (11 of symptomatic and 6 of asymptomatic men). Statistical analysis revealed an Conclusions: Findings of this study show that Chlamydial infection screening especially in males with urogenital symptoms is necessary (at least in Tehran) and we recommend more epidemiological studies in other cities of Iran. © 2013, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

Chlamydia prevalence in the general population: is there a sex difference? a systematic review

BackgroundThe focus of Chlamydia trachomatis screening and testing lies more on women than on men. The study aim was to establish by systematic review the prevalence of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and women in the general population.MethodsElectronic databases and reference lists were searched from 2000 to 2013 using the key words “Chlamydia trachomatis”, “population-based study” and “disease prevalence”. Reference lists were checked. Studies were included in the analysis if Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence was reported for both men and women in a population-based study. Prevalence rates for men and women were described as well as highest prevalence rate by age and sex. The difference in prevalence between the sexes in each study was calculated.ResultsTwenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and quality assessment for the review. In nine of the twenty-five studies there was a statistically significant sex difference in the chlamydia prevalence. In all nine studies the prevalence of chlamydia was higher in women than in men. The prevalence for women varied from 1.1% to 10.6% and for men from 0.1% to 12.1%. The average chlamydia prevalence is highly variable between countries. The highest prevalence of chlamydia occurred predominantly in younger age groups (< 25 years). The absence of symptoms in population-based urogenital chlamydia infection is common in men and women (mean 88.5% versus 68.3%).ConclusionsThe urogenital chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in the general population is more similar than dissimilar for men and women. A modest sex difference is apparent. The prevalence rates can be used to inform chlamydia screening strategies in general practice.

P3.291 Associations of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in Men and Women with Genital Discharge Syndromes in Johannesburg, South Africa

BackgroundAs part of an on-going STI microbiological surveillance programme, we investigated associations between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the demographic, clinical, microbiological and behavioural characteristics of patients presenting with either male...

O21 Should we opportunistically treat rectal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men who have sex with men presenting with non-specific urethritis?

BackgroundInfection of the rectum with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is highly prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending our service (c. 8%). Our guidelines advise different antibiotics for...

P1-S1.08 Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men attending STD clinics in Brazil

IntroductionThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections and identify demographic, behavioural and clinical factors correlated with such infections in men attending six sexually...

P1-S2.50 Anal non-L Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men who have sex with men, at l'Actuel, Montreal, Quebec

Few cases of sexually transmitted Hepatitis C infection (HCV) in men who have sex with men (MSM) had been reported in the literature.BackgroundThe incidence of genital infection from non-LChlamydia trachomatis(CT) is increasing in the province of Quebec. Traditionally it was more prevalent in young women. In the last few years, CT infection has emerged in men who have sex with men (MSM) group. The objective of this study was to describe anal non-L CT infection in MSM in an HIV-STI clinic in a large urban setting.MethodsRetrospective study of anal non-L CT cases diagnosed at Clinique l'Actuel in 2010. We collected information on age at diagnosis, HIV status, CT serovars, symptoms, mode of transmission and concomitant presence of CT in urine. An anal swab specimen was collected with a TAAN test (BD Probe Tec TM).ResultsFrom 2006 to 2009, we diagnosed respectively 42, 58, 82 and 118 anal non-L CT infection in MSM. In 2010, we diagnosed 154 different anal non-L CT infections in 152 MSM. Patient's age at diagnosis was 33 years (IQR—25−38) from 18 to 70 years. 28% were HIV+ at time of diagnosis. Anal infection was primarily caused by serovars J (35%), G (31%), D (23%), E (10%), F (1%) and C (1%). Among HIV patients the serovars was predominantly J (46%), D (30%) and G (24%). But this difference was not statistically significant. Anal non-L CT infection was detected in asymptomatic patients while screening in 54% of case. 7% of MSM had no symptom but consulted because they were notified by a sexual partner. 39% had symptoms—proctitis (26%), urethritis (11%) or symptom of other STI including syphilis and HIV primary infection (2%). Mode of transmission for the anal infection was not specifically specified in the file of the patients, but 88% reported anal unprotected penetration in the past year, 12 % did not report anal penetration but had mouth to anus contact (rimming) or friction from penis to anus. One patient reports sharing anal toys. Urine CT was positive in 18% of MSM, so those MSM had two infected sites.ConclusionGiven the high rate of positive results, MSM should be screen with a TAAN test for anal CT infection. This screening should be included in the regular follow-up of HIV patients. MSM community should be aware of this emerging infection. Public health authority should focus on developing and promoting new guidelines of screening, access to validated test with identification of serovars.

Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men attending STD clinics in Brazil

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections and identify demographic, behavioral and clinical factors correlated with such infections in men attending six sexually transmitted disease clinics in Brazil. Multicentric, cross-sectional study performed among men attending STD clinics in Brazil. The study included STD clinics in six cities distributed throughout the five geographic regions of Brazil in 2005. Patients provided 20 ml of first catch urine for testing for NG and CT by DNA-PCR. A total of 767 (92.9%) men were included in the study. The mean age was 26.5 (SD 8.3) years-old. Prevalence of Chlamydia infection was 13.1% (95%CI 10.7%-15.5%) and gonorrhea was 18.4% (95%CI 15.7%-21.1%). Coinfection prevalence was 4.4% (95%CI 2.95%-5.85%) in men who sought attendance in STI clinics. Factors identified as associated with C. trachomatis were younger age (15-24) [OR=1.4 (95%CI 1.01-1.91)], present urethral discharge [OR=4.8 (95%CI 1.52-15.05)], genital warts [OR=3.0 (95%CI 1.49-5.92)] and previous history of urethral discharge [OR=2.4 (95%CI 1.11-5.18)]. Variables associated with gonorrhea were younger age (15 to 24) [OR=1.5 (95%CI 1.09-2.05)], presence of urethral discharge [OR=9.9 (95%CI 5.53-17.79)], genital warts [OR=18.3 (95%CI 8.03-41.60)] and ulcer present upon clinical examination [OR=4.9 (95%CI 1.06-22.73)]. These findings have important implications for education and prevention actions directed toward men at risk of HIV/STD. A venue-based approach to offer routine screening for young men in STD clinics should be stimulated.

Is there a reservoir of sub-clinical lymphogranuloma venereum and non-LGV Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men who have sex with men?

The aim of this study was to determine if a reservoir of sub-clinical LGV infection exists in men who have sex with men (MSM), as this finding might account for the recent rise in lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Chlamydia trachomatis infections among MSM in Canada. MSM without proctitis were enrolled between January and August 2006 in a cross-sectional study. Rectal, urine, serology and pharyngeal specimens were tested for specific C. trachomatis serovars. The median age of the 253 participants was 43 years; 53% were HIV+. We found no active cases of LGV infection; but 20 (8%) participants had positive serology. Thirteen participants (5%) had non-LGV C. trachomatis infections. Unprotected anopenetrative intercourse, rectal enema and drug use were associated with non-LGV C. trachomatis infection. Sub-clinical rectal non-LGV C. trachomatis infection was relatively common but LGV was not identified in our sample. Further studies of screening for non-LGV chlamydia infection in MSM are needed.

Comparative epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics with and without indication for testing

Understanding the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men without indication for testing (without symptoms, signs, or a report of sexual contact with an infected partner) is of crucial importance to reduce the heavy burden of this infection, particularly because this group of men is not usually offered testing in different clinical settings. Using electronic medical records of two STD clinics in Connecticut, 2000-02, this study identified the risk factors of C. trachomatis infection in men with and without indication for testing. In both groups, men who were younger than 30, African-American, or had a prior history of C. trachomatis infection were significantly more likely to be infected. Since a system for routine reproductive health care of young men does not currently exist, health-care providers need to promote an increased awareness of C. trachomatis infection among their male patients who are at increased risk of infection.

Retrospective review of the correlation of symptoms, signs and microscopy with the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in men

We have investigated the correlation of symptoms, signs and microscopy on the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men attending our clinic. One hundred and eleven men diagnosed with chlamydia over an 11-month period in our clinic were reviewed. Of these, 70 (63%) were symptomatic and 41 (37%) were asymptomatic. 84% (59/70) of symptomatic and 51% (21/41) of asymptomatic patients met the UK clinical criteria for diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and received treatment appropriate for chlamydia and NGU at their initial clinic visit. Our findings show that 19% (21/111) of men with Chlamydia trachomatis infection would leave the clinic untreated if a urethral smear preparation was not performed on those who were clinically asymptomatic at presentation. We feel that this is a sufficient argument to warrant continuing the current practice of testing asymptomatic men attending GUM clinics for NGU.

Symptomatic urethritis is more prevalent in men infected with Mycoplasma genitalium than with Chlamydia trachomatis

Objectives: To study the prevalence, symptoms, and signs of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in men attending a Swedish STD clinic and to study the criteria for urethritis. Methods:...

Retrospective review of the correlation of symptoms, signs and microscopy with the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in men.

We have investigated the correlation of symptoms, signs and microscopy on the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men attending our clinic. One hundred and eleven men diagnosed with chlamydia over an 11-month period in our clinic were reviewed. Of these, 70 (63%) were symptomatic and 41 (37%) were asymptomatic. 84% (59/70) of symptomatic and 51% (21/41) of asymptomatic patients met the UK clinical criteria for diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and received treatment appropriate for chlamydia and NGU at their initial clinic visit. Our findings show that 19% (21/111) of men with Chlamydia trachomatis infection would leave the clinic untreated if a urethral smear preparation was not performed on those who were clinically asymptomatic at presentation. We feel that this is a sufficient argument to warrant continuing the current practice of testing asymptomatic men attending GUM clinics for NGU.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in subfertile couples

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in subfertile couples

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic men

Background The epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men is not well defined, especially among those who are asymptomatic or show no signs of infection. Established C. trachomatis screening programs for women have demonstrated the benefit of routine screening in reducing prevalence over time, but the yield and benefit of screening asymptomatic men are unclear. Methods Cross-sectional study of C. trachomatis prevalence and associated risk factors among men tested at sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. We analyzed data from 43,094 men universally tested from 1997 to 1999 at 103 STD clinics, and assessed age-specific prevalence of infection, controlling for signs of infection (urethritis diagnosed by clinician) and report of sexual contact to a person with an STD (defined as “contact”). Results Overall prevalence of C. trachomatis was 10.3%. Age-specific prevalence was highest among men aged 18 to 19 years and lowest among those aged >29 years, regardless of signs of infection upon examination or contact to a person with an STD. If these factors and age <25 years had been used to direct C. trachomatis testing at STD clinics, 59% of men would have been tested and 91% of positives would have been detected. Conclusions Using either the presence of clinical signs or report of a sex partner with an STD in combination with selective screening of all men aged <25 years detects the majority of infections and, in our population, would have considerably reduced the number of negative tests performed.

Effect of Urine Specimen Dilution on the Performance of Two Commercial Systems in the Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Men

Effect of Urine Specimen Dilution on the Performance of Two Commercial Systems in the Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Men

Results of a screening program for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic.

Screening programs for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men are uncommon. To report the results of a screening program using the Syva MicroTrak direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test (Palo Alto, CA) for diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection in men attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic. DFA testing was performed on an additional urethral specimen obtained during male new patient or new complaint visits between July 1, 1994 and June 30, 1996. Positive and negative test results were compared according to patient demographic characteristics, symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments received. 474 of 9,662 (4.9%) DFA tests were positive. Men with chlamydial infection were more likely to be African-American (p < 10(-7)) and less than 24 years of age (p < 10(-7)). C. trachomatis infection was present in 10.7% of those with gonorrhea and 10.0% of those with nongonococcal urethritis. Forty percent of chlamydia cases were asymptomatic, and 97% were treated at the visit owing to existing clinic protocols. C. trachomatis infection is common and often asymptomatic in men attending STD Clinics. Infected men are likely to be young and African-American. Routine screening with the Syva MicroTrak DFA test will detect unsuspected cases of chlamydial infection; however, in the clinic in this report, most cases were already treated according to standard clinic protocols.