Chitosan Nanocomposite Research Articles

Nanocomposite of chitosan/gelatin/carbon quantum dots as a biocompatible and efficient nanocarrier for improving the Curcumin delivery restrictions to treat brain cancer

Curcumin (CUR) is among the most appropriate and natural-based anticancer drugs that can be applied effectively treat different classes of cancers. However, CUR suffers from a low half-life and stability in the body, which has restricted the efficacy of its delivery applications. This study is dedicated to introducing the pH-sensitive nanocomposite of chitosan (CS)/gelatin (GE)/carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as an applicable nanocarrier for enhancing CUR half-life and its delivery restrictions. The CS/GE hydrogel was synthesized by the physical crosslinking method, which improves the biocompatibility of this hydrogel. Moreover, the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion approach is involved in fabricating the drug-loaded CS/GE/CQDs@CUR nanocomposite. Afterward, drug encapsulation (EE) and loading efficiencies (LE) have been determined. Furthermore, FTIR and XRD assessments were performed to confirm the CUR incorporation into the prepared nanocarrier and crystalline features of the nanoparticles. Then, by employing Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, the size distribution and stability of the drug-loaded nanocomposites have been assessed, which indicated monodisperse and stable nanoparticles. Furthermore, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was utilized that confirmed the homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles with smooth and quite spherical structures. In vitro drug release pattern was studied and the kinetic analysis was performed using a curve fitting technique to determine the governing release mechanism at both acidic pH and physiological conditions. The obtained outcomes from release data revealed a controlled release behavior with a 22-hour half-life, while the EE% and EL% were acquired at 46.75 % and 87.5 %, respectively. In addition, the MTT assay has been carried out on U-87 MG cell lines to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the nanocomposite. The findings showed that the fabricated nanocomposite of CS/GE/CQDs can be assumed as a biocompatible CUR nanocarrier, while the drug-loaded nanocomposite of CS/GE/CQDs@CUR showed enhanced cytotoxicity compared to the pure CUR. Based on the obtained results, this study suggests the CS/GE/CQDs nanocomposite as a biocompatible and potential nanocarrier for ameliorating CUR delivery restrictions to treat brain cancers.

Efficient photo-adsorptive eradication of endocrine disrupting pesticides by chitosan co- decorated metal oxide bio-nanocomposite.

Extensive consumption, toxicity and bioaccumulation of malathion (MLT) and lindane (γ-HCH) pesticides collectively attract the world's attention. Herein, the nanocomposite of chitosan wrapped NiO@ZnO was synthesized by a green methodology usingAzadirachta indicaleaves extract. Structural and morphological analysis of chitosan-NiO@ZnO showed hollow sphere-flake shaped image adsorbed on a solid chitosan surface with a large surface area of 73 m2g-1. A decrease in values of lattice strain, dislocation density and crystallite size described the imperfection in crystal geometry and new peaks in FT-IR spectra at 698cm-1 and 448cm-1 of Ni-N and Zn-N, which respectively confirm the coupling. Chitosan-NiO@ZnO and individual nanoparticles (NiO and ZnO) were well-characterized and utilized for degradation MLT and γ-HCH under direct sunlight and dark conditions. The highest degradation of pesticides (above 94%) resulted with 2mg L-1 and 10mg L-1 of MLT (π-π) and γ-HCH, respectively with a 20mg catalyst dose, and pH of ~ 7 under daylight exposure (5h). Chitosan-NiO@ZnO substantially suppressed the half-life of the targeted pesticides (MLT: 0.48h; HCH 0.51h) and demonstrated the first-order kinetics with a high adsorption capacity, Xm (MLT: 14.5mgg-1 and γ-HCH 20.7mgg-1), which also confirmed the strong binding with the pesticides, followed by their conversion into safer and smaller metabolites. The charge separation mechanism was elucidated by UV reflectance and photoluminescence data. Hydroxyl radicals were most frequently responsible for the degradation of pesticides as confirmed by scavenger analysis. The synthesized green-nano photocatalyst showed high reusability (up to 10th cycles), sensitivity and stability within the degradation process, presumably making it suitable for industrial applications.

Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from <i>Thais Coronata </i>Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration

CHITOSAN was extracted from <i>Thais Coronata </i>shell and modified with poly-lactic acid by gelation method to derive its poly-lactic chitosan nano-composite. Both the chitosan and the polylactic acid modified composite where analyzed using FT-IR and SEM for changes in functional group and surface morphology. A spectrum of unmodified chitosan with absorption bands ranging from 3533 cm^-1 to 3942 cm^-1, all attributed to O-H stretching vibrations, and a cluster of bands attributed to N-H stretching vibrations of primary and secondary amine at 3417 cm^-1, 3317 cm^-1, 3286 cm^-1, and 3217cm^-1. The -NH₂ stretching is approximated matched by the high and deep adsorption peak at 1496cm^-1 corresponding to Amide II, which is a characteristic band of N-acetylation. SEM images of unmodified and poly-lactic acid modified chitosan composites at 500 and 1500x magnification reveals a rough surface with significant pores, typified and notable irregularities that are ideal for adsorption. The morphology of the poly-lactic acid modified chitosan has changed significantly in relation to its weak surface properties, with a smoother surface domain and reduced pore structure. The degree of ionic activity between chitosan and the poly lactic acid grafted onto the polymer chain is linked to morphological variability. The samples where investigated as potential bio-sorbents for urea uptake from waste water by equilibration. Adsorption experiments were conducted on 20100mg/L urea wastewater and the effect of contact time, concentration, temperature and pH on urea removal efficiency was studied. At temperature of 30°C and pH of 2.5, maximum removal efficiency of 50.16 and 54.33% were obtained for the modified and un-modified chitosan respectively. Results from adsorption studies revealed that the modification with poly-lactic acid did not enhance adsorption capacity of chitosan, although its solubility and resistance to acidic degradation was improved. The development of chitosan materials with better adsorption capacity in the light of urea uptake is therefore very feasible.

Magnetically solid-phase extraction of diazinon and chlorpyrifos pesticides in vegetables using covalent triazine-based framework incorporated chitosan nanocomposite

Magnetically solid-phase extraction of diazinon and chlorpyrifos pesticides in vegetables using covalent triazine-based framework incorporated chitosan nanocomposite

Effects of types and concentrations of modified Cloisite Clays on properties of chitosan nanocomposites for food packaging

AbstractBiodegradable chitosan has excellent film‐forming properties compared to other biodegradables but also some limitations, such as poor water barrier and low mechanical strength. Thus, in this research, the effects of various types (Cloisite Ca, 15A, 20A, and 30B) and concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) of Cloisite on barrier, mechanical, structural and thermal properties on chitosan films were investigated. Cloisite was revealed to significantly lower the lightness (L*) depending on the type and concentration of Cloisite. The films containing Cloisite significantly improved oxygen barrier properties by 34.5%–73.6% compared to control, particularly Cloisite 30B. Cloisite 20A and Ca were found to significantly improve the water barrier by up to 84.61%, and Cloisite 20A and 30 B the tensile properties by up to 30%. The chitosan with less Cloisite content exhibited better smoothness and elongation. The dispersed Cloisite clays improved the thermal stability and enhanced the barrier and tensile properties of the chitosan with the increased Cloisite loading.

Optical characteristics of silver-based nano-composites fabricated by an environmentally friendly method

This work presents a simple and environmentally friendly method of synthesis of chitosan and Ag nanocomposites. The structure of the obtained organic matrix was determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Formation of chitosan- chitin copolymer was discovered. Nanocomposite films with silver content of 9–71 wt.% were prepared. The microstructure and elemental composition of the obtained films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The prepared films are characterized by uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles in the organic matrix. Optical properties were studied by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the films have maxima. The increase of the Ag 0 concentration in the nanocomposite films was found to lead to the maximum shift of the diffuse reflectance spectra to longer wavelengths. The optical transitions energies were estimated using the Kubelka–Munk function in combination with the Tauc method.

Electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties of zirconium dioxide nanotube interacting with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and chitosan as potential agents in bone tissue engineering: insights from computational approaches

For the first time, the interaction of the Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and Chitosan (CH) with Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanotube was studied using density functional theory (DFT). The binding energies of the most stable configurations of PLGA and CH monomers absorbed on ZrO2 were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The obtained results indicate that both CH and PLGA monomers were chemisorbed on the surface of ZrO2. The interaction between PLGA and ZrO2 is stronger than that of CH due to its shorter equilibrium interval and higher binding energy. In addition, the electronic density of states (DOS) of the most stable configuration was computed to estimate the electronic properties of the PLGA/CH absorbed on ZrO2. Also, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were computed to investigate the mechanical properties of all studied compounds in individual and nanocomposite phases. MD simulation revealed that the shear and bulk moduli of PLGA, CH as well as Young’s modulus increase upon interacting with the ZrO2 surface. As a result, the mechanical properties of PLGA and CH are improved by adding ZrO2 to the polymer matrix. The results showed that the elastic modulus of PLGA and CH nanocomposites decreased with increasing temperature. These findings indicate that PLGA-ZrO2 nanocomposites have mechanical and thermal properties, suggesting that they could be exploited as potential agents in biomedical sectors such as bone tissue engineering and drug delivery. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Antibacterial and cytotoxicity of chitosan nanocomposite loaded with thymol against some cariogenic bacteria

Introduction: Tooth decay as the most common infectious-nutritional disease in the world. The current work aims to investigate the antibacterial effect of thymol-loaded chitosan nanocomposite (TLCN) against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus as the main cariogenic bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial activity of TLCN was assessed on S. mutans and A. viscosus. The effects on protein leakage in the tested bacteria, as well as its cytotoxicity, were studied by Bradford’s method and cell viability assay, respectively. Results: The size of the nanocomposite varied from 100 to 600 nm. The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) related to nanocomposite + chlorhexidine was reported 2.66 for both bacteria. TLCN dose-dependently increased the protein leakage (P &lt; 0.05). The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of nanocomposite against on normal (HGF1-PI1) and cancer (KB) cells were 149.6 and 68.4 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: TLCN, especially in combination with chlorhexidine, displayed potent antibacterial effects against the main cariogenic bacterial causes. Nevertheless, other examinations are required to illuminate the precise mechanisms and its toxicity mainly in clinical settings.

A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on an Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Diclofenac to Control Inflammation.

A simple and eco-friendly electrochemical sensor for the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DIC) was developed in a chitosan nanocomposite carbon paste electrode (M-Chs NC/CPE). The M-Chs NC/CPE was characterized with FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM for the size, surface area, and morphology. The produced electrode showed a high electrocatalytic activity to use the DIC in 0.1 M of the BR buffer (pH 3.0). The effect of scanning speed and pH on the DIC oxidation peak suggests that the DIC electrode process has a typical diffusion characteristic with two electrons and two protons. Furthermore, the peak current linearly proportional to the DIC concentration ranged from 0.025 M to 4.0 M with the correlation coefficient (r2). The sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD; 3σ), and the limit of quantification (LOQ; 10σ) were 0.993, 9.6 µA/µM cm2, 0.007 µM, and 0.024 µM, respectively. In the end, the proposed sensor enables the reliable and sensitive detection of DIC in biological and pharmaceutical samples.

Preparation and characterization of nanocomposites based on chitosan with ZnO-Curcumin

The present paper studied the possibility to obtain nanocomposites of chitosan incorporated with ZnO NP, whose surface has been modified with bioactive compounds. To obtain ZnO nanoparticles, the biogenic method was used and the anchoring of curcumin (CRC) on the surface of the particles was followed. Chitosan-based ZnO-CRC were synthesized using ex-situ method that involves the separate preparation of ZnO particles and their dispersion in the chitosan matrix by mechanical and ultrasonic mixing. The structural and morphological studies of the synthesized samples were carried out using X-ray diffraction, SEM microscopy, FTIR and EDX spectroscopy, and the wetting capacity. The XRD analysis revealed wurtzite crystalline structure of ZnO, anchoring of curcumin to the oxide surface, with an average crystallite size about 18.7 nm. The morphological study shows that the particles have spherical formations, with dimensions in the nanometric range and a relatively uniform distribution of ZnO particles in the matrix. Elemental composition of samples was identified using EDX analysis. Contact angle was measured to evaluate the hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic character of the surfaces. The results demonstrate that the synthesized materials have morpho-structural and wetting characteristics that allow the extension of applicability in biotechnological fields as coating systems.

Functionalization of Natural-Fiber Using the WSM Methods

Global environmental concerns and renewable green Next generation due to resource awareness Environmental friendly and biodegradable for composition products A lot of efforts have been made to deliver the goods. This research paper is green from natural fibers and Uniquely exemplifies the use of compounds, Especially chitosan, natural-fiber-rolled Especially chitosan, natural-fiber-rolled The development of chitosan nanocomposites and characteristics. Durability Natural fiber composites are less expensive, have Less weight, more Specific strength, abrasion Absent, equally good engine properties, environmental friendliness and it has many advantages like biodegradability. Research significance: Abaca uses WSM methods, Hemp, sisal, kenaf, and coconut. Abaca, hemp, sisal, kenaf, and Natural fibers like coconut were considered in the present study. Jute Fiber: It is a golden thread Also known as. Compared to other natural fibers These fibers are cheap and Durable. Sisal Fiber: Sisal fibers are made from sisal leaves that can be obtained or extracted. It is also known as Brazilian fiber. Abaca Fiber: this fibrous plant is Also obtained from the stem. Another of these threads The name is Manila Fiber. Methology: The advantage of the WSM method is that It is proportional to raw data is a linear transformation. comparison scale of standardized scores It means that the sequence is equal. This method is WSM's Consider it a change. And other in problem solving It is more efficient than methods. The natural fiber is another solution to the problem WSM method is more efficient than methods. The weighted Sum Model (WSM), WSM is the general approach used, and natural-fiber solutions are used in these methods. To solve individual decision-making problems This technique is used by researchers. Evaluation preference: Diameter (µm), Density (g/cm3), Tensile strength (MPa), Young's Modulus (GPa). Alternative: Abaca, Jute, Sisal, Kenaf, Coconut. Result: As a result, coconut is ranked first while abaca is ranked lower.

Developments and application of chitosan-based adsorbents for wastewater treatments

Water quality is deteriorating continuously as increasing levels of toxic inorganic and organic contaminants mostly discharging into the aquatic environment. Removal of such pollutants from the water system is an emerging research area. During the past few years use of biodegradable and biocompatible natural additives has attracted considerable attention to alleviate pollutants from wastewater. The chitosan and its composites emerged as a promising adsorbents due to their low price, abundance, amino, and hydroxyl groups, as well as their potential to remove various toxins from wastewater. However, a few challenges associated with its practical use include lack of selectivity, low mechanical strength, and solubility in acidic medium. Therefore, several approaches for modification have been explored to improve the physicochemical properties of chitosan for wastewater treatment. Chitosan nanocomposites found effective for the removal of metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, microplastics from the wastewaters. Nanoparticle doped with chitosan in the form of nano-biocomposites has recently gained much attention and proven a successful tool for water purification. Hence, applying chitosan-based adsorbents with numerous modifications is a cutting-edge approach to eliminating toxic pollutants from aquatic systems with the global aim of making potable water available worldwide. This review presents an overview of distinct materials and methods for developing novel chitosan-based nanocomposites for wastewater treatment.

Antiviral and Antibacterial Sulfated Polysaccharide–Chitosan Nanocomposite Particles as a Drug Carrier

Drug delivery system (DDS) refers to the method of delivering drugs to the targeted sites with minimal risk. One popular strategy of DDS is using nanoparticles as a drug carrier, which are made from biocompatible and degradable polymers. Here, nanoparticles composed of Arthrospira-derived sulfated polysaccharide (AP) and chitosan were developed and expected to possess the capabilities of antiviral, antibacterial, and pH-sensitive properties. The composite nanoparticles, abbreviated as APC, were optimized for stability of morphology and size (~160 nm) in the physiological environment (pH = 7.4). Potent antibacterial (over 2 μg/mL) and antiviral (over 6.596 μg/mL) properties were verified in vitro. The pH-sensitive release behavior and release kinetics of drug-loaded APC nanoparticles were examined for various categories of drugs, including hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and protein drugs, under different pH values of the surroundings. Effects of APC nanoparticles were also evaluated in lung cancer cells and neural stem cells. The use of APC nanoparticles as a drug delivery system maintained the bioactivity of the drug to inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells (with ~40% reduction) and to relieve the growth inhibitory effect on neural stem cells. These findings indicate that the pH-sensitive and biocompatible composite nanoparticles of sulfated polysaccharide and chitosan well keep the antiviral and antibacterial properties and may serve as a promising multifunctional drug carrier for further biomedical applications.

Chitosan-cellulose nanocomposite: Preparation, characterization, and evaluation as cationic color precipitant in sugar clarification process

The present paper aims to use natural biodegradable polymers of chitosan (CS) and cellulose (CEL) to synthesize green chitosan-cellulose (CS-CEL) nanocomposite as a new clarifying agent. This is the cutting-edge of the sugar industry's clarification process. The CS-CEL nanocomposite showed outstanding results in zeta potential analysis, with a maximum value (+) 57.73 mV, leading to remarkableresults in coloradsorption via electrostatic attraction. It was also observed that CS-CEL has high mechanical stability. When CS and CS-CEL nanocomposite were used in the clarification of sugarcane (MJ), the findings demonstrated an improvement in colorremoval of up to 8.7% using CS and 18.1%using CS-CEL nanocomposite compared to currently phosphotation clarification process. Also, Turbidity decreased using CS-CEL nanocomposite compared to the traditional phosphotation clarification process. Overall, we can conclude that CS-CEL nanocomposite has considerable efficiency in sugarcane juice clarification process as a green biodegradable adsorbent and flocculating material to produce sulfur-free sugar.

Preparation of fluorescently and biologically active chain-like chitosan nanocomposite and its use in separating MBP-tagged proteins and as fluorescent tracer of tobacco

Chain-like chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanocomposite was prepared by an aqueous solution route. Then fluorescently active 6-carboxyl luciferin (6-FAM) was modified onto CS-TPP surface to afford CS-TPP-6-FAM nanocomposite (CS-TPP-6-FAM) with fluorescent activity. Onto the surface of CS-TPP-6-FAM was grafted bioactive carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin (CβCD) to obtain CS/TPP/FAM/CβCD that can separate maltose binding protein tagged (MBP-tagged) fusion proteins from E. coli lysate. Findings demonstrate that CS-TPP-6-FAM-CβCD has an average diameter of 22 nm and a chain length of 70 nm. Its adsorption kinetic data can be described by Langmuir isotherm equation and the pseudo 2nd kinetic model, corresponding to high protein binding capacity for MBP-tagged PYL3. Furthermore, CS-TPP-6-FAM-CβCD dispersed in Hoagland nutrient solution can be adsorbed by tobacco through vascular bundle channels. Therefore, CS-TPP-6-FAM-CβCD could have promising applications in separating MBP-tagged fusion proteins from E. coli lysate and in monitoring the growth of plants as the fluorescent tracer.

Adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions by orange peel with Chitosan nanocomposite: Equilibrium studies | JBES 2023

Adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions by orange peel with Chitosan nanocomposite: Equilibrium studies | JBES 2023

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle-Based Chitosan Nanocomposites Using Neowestiellopsis persica Strain A1387 and Characterization of Their Potential Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Pathogen

Today, overuse and unregulated application of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents have resulted in a substantial increase in drug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, there is a great need for innovative therapeutic methods that can replace ineffective antibiotics. Cyanobacteria are one of the most useful natural candidates in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles to face antibiotic resistance in pathogens. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles based chitosan nanocomposites biosynthesized by &lt;i&gt;Neowestiellopsis persica &lt;/i&gt;against oral pathogens was investigated. The NPs biosynthesis were characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Results of UV-visible Spectroscopy showed that the amount of absorption increased significantly with increasing time. The SEM and TEM images depict the size of the nanocomposite to be 78.74 to 74.29 and 100 nm respectively and spherical in shape. According to the results of the FT-IR spectrum, the peaks located at a wave number less than 800 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; are related to the stretching vibration of metal-oxygen bonds in a crystal structure, where due to the presence of silver nanoparticles, these peaks can be related to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of Ag-O bonds. The results of XRD crystallography confirmed the success of the synthesis of microcoated silver nanoparticles by chitosan. The average crystal size of silver nanoparticles covered by chitosan was 17.6 nm. The antimicrobial efficacy of the biosynthesized AgNP nanocomposite showed that with the increase in the concentration of nanoparticles and nanoparticles coated with chitosan, the diameter of the growth halo increased significantly (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#60; 0.05). Totally the results of this study confirmed that nanoparticle-based chitosan nanocomposites biosynthesized by cyanobacteria species can be converted into nanomedicine to meet future biomedical needs.

Smartphone-based portable photoelectrochemical biosensing system for point-of-care detection of urine creatinine and albumin.

Creatinine and albumin are crucial biomarkers for health monitoring and their ratio in urine is an effective approach for albuminuria assessment. Herein, to address the challenges of point-of-care and efficient analysis of the biomarkers simultaneously, we developed a fully integrated handheld smartphone-based photoelectrochemical biosensing system. A miniaturized printed circuit board included a potentiostat for photocurrent measurements and single-wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for photo-excitation, which was controlled with a Bluetooth-enabled smartphone. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/chitosan nanocomposites were modified on a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as photoactive materials. Creatinine was detected through chelate formation with copper ion probes, while albumin was recognized specifically by an antigen-antibody reaction based on immunoassay. The biosensing system demonstrated good linearity and high sensitivity, with detection ranges of 100 μg mL-1 to 1500 μg mL-1 for creatinine, and 9.9 μg mL-1 to 500 μg mL-1 for albumin. Spiked artificial urine samples with different concentrations were tested to confirm the practical validity of the biosensing system, where an acceptable recovery rate ranged from 98.7% to 105.3%. This portable photoelectrochemical biosensing platform provides a convenient and cost-effective method for biofluid analysis, which has an extensive prospect in point-of-care testing (POCT) for mobile health.

Hierarchical nanocomposites of chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B and sensor activity against Diclofenac

Hierarchical nanocomposites of chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B and sensor activity against Diclofenac

Boron nitride embedded in chitosan hydrogel as a hydrophobic, promising metal-free, sustainable antibacterial material

Evaporation-induced co-assembly of boron nitride-exfoliated chitosan hydrogel provides micrometer-thick boron nitride-filled chitosan nanocomposite films.