In the last decade, a new technology for bone tissue regeneration after damage through accidental injury or surgical operation has been developed. The technology is based on implanting porous resorbable matrices with bone-forming cells cultivated therein at the bone defect site. This matrix is replaced with time by bone tissue de novo, being gradually resorbed in the body. The design of matrices with required microstructure parameters (porosity, pore size and interconnection) and mechanical and biological properties is a key problem. In recent years, considerable attention has been devoted to the development of matrices made of composite materials based on biopolymers [1, 2]. Chitosan-based materials are biocompatible and bioresorbable [3, 4]. Chitosan is prepared from natural chitin, a linear aminopolysaccharide (composed of N -acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy- D -glycopyranose units). The main raw material sources of chitin are shells of marine and freshwater crustaceans, dead bees, and some fungi [3]. Chitosan is used in medicine both in pure form (films, fibers, capsules, sponges) and as a composite material, e.g., chitosan‐hydroxyapatite. The use as a matrix of porous composite materials based on chitosan containing as fillers bioactive calcium compounds is promising. These composites have higher porosity and elasticity than porous ceramics, which allows filling of a bone defect of any shape without gaps between the bone and the implant. Porous chitosan sponges are obtained most often by freeze-drying. Cross-linking of the chitosan structure after preparation of a porous structure is often performed using toxic compounds (e.g., glutaraldehyde) [4]. In this paper, we describe a simple method for production and the results of studies of structures and properties of porous composite sponges (PCSs) containing bioactive calcium compounds. The method is based on chitosan dissolution, introduction of a filler, foaming, and subsequent replacement of water by a liquid in which chitosan is insoluble. This gives sponges with a porosity of more than 90% containing up to 50 wt % of a filler: hydroxyapatite (HA), carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA), or calcium carbonate (CC).