Chitosan-alginate Films Research Articles

Antioxidant Profiles of Chitosan-Alginate Films with Addition of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract for Active Packaging

This research aims to study the antioxidant activity of chitosan-alginate films by adding Moringa oleifera leaf extract. These films will be applied as active packaging for food. This research was initiated by the extraction of Moringa oleifera leaves. The Moringa oleifera leaves extract was prepared maceration and soxhletation techniques using distilled water as a solvent. The maceration method is resulting the yield 6.97%, while the yield of extract from the soxhletation method was 8.57%. After the extraction process, screening phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera leaves extract was tested to identify secondary metabolite compounds. Screening phytochemicals of the extract showed that Moringa oleifera extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Synthesizing of films was conducted at room temperature through a homogenization technique using a hot plate stirrer. The variations of final concentrations of extract were 0% (film A0), 0.50% (film A1), 0.75% (film A2), and 1.00% (film A3). Based on the antioxidant activity test using DPPH, the % RSA value of films with the addition of extract from soxhletation method was higher than films with the addition of extract from the maceration technique. The highest percentage of RSA value was 43.65% from A3 film with the extract's final concentration of 1.00%.

SYNTHESIS OF POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEX FILMS OF CHITOSAN-ALGINATE BY ADDITION OF KELOR LEAVES EXTRACT (Moringa oleifera) FOR FOOD PACKAGING

This research aims to synthesize the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) using chitosan and alginate as matrix film with the addition of kelor leaves extract (Moringa oleifera). The preparation of PEC films of chitosan-alginate by addition of kelor leaves extract (Moringa oleifera) had been implemented. The kelor leaves was prepared by drying process under the sun for removing water content and the dried kelor leaves was extracted using maceration technique. The final concentrations of film solution used in this study were 0.0% (Film E0), 0.50% (Film E1), 0.75% (Film E2), and 1.00% (Film E3). The PEC chitosan-alginate films with addition of kelor extract were prepared in room temperature (± 25 °C) and pH of film solution was ± 4.0. The result of film’s characterization using FTIR spectrophotometer showed that PEC films of chitosan-alginate were formed through the molecular interaction between chitosan which protonated into amine groups (–NH3+) and alginate which dissociated into carboxylate groups (–COO−). Based on FTIR spectrum, it also showed that there were some wavenumber shifts after addition of kelor leaves extract into PEC films of chitosan-alginate. It was confirmed that there were the changing of molecular interaction between PEC chitosan-alginate films due to presence of kelor extract, indicating that PEC chitosan-alginate films with kelor extract had been formed. Morphological analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) displayed both porous and heterogeneous distribution on the surface after addition of kelor extract.

Preparation of Teucrium polium extract-loaded chitosan-sodium lauryl sulfate beads and chitosan-alginate films for wound dressing application.

This study aimed to formulate sodium lauryl sulfate cross-linked chitosan beads and sodium alginate-chitosan films for designing a dressing that would shorten the healing time of skin wounds. Teucrium polium extract-loaded chitosan-sodium lauryl sulfate beads (CH-SLS) and chitosan-alginate (CH-ALG) films were prepared and characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling properties of the CH-SLS beads were also analyzed in a water solution. The obtained Teucrium polium extract-loaded CH-SLS beads and CH-ALG films (TBF) were further incorporated into the commercial adhesive dressing. This TBF wound dressing was then investigated for evaluation of its wound healing potential in the mice using the excision wound model. Healing was assessed by the macroscopic appearance and the rate of wound contraction during 8 days. On day 4, the TBF-treated wounds exhibited 98% reduction in the wound area when they were compared with healing ointment, elastic adhesive dressing, and untreated wounds which were exhibited 63%, 43%, and 32%, respectively. Furthermore, the application of TBF dressing reduced skin wound rank scores and increased the percentage of wounds contraction. These results demonstrate that TBF dressing improves considerably the healing rate and the macroscopic wound appearance at a short delay and this application may have therapeutic benefits in wound healing.

Preparation of Polyelectrolyte Complex Films of Chitosan-Alginate Incorporated by Eugenol and its Potency as an Antioxidant Packaging

Preparation of PEC chitosan-alginate films incorporated by eugenol has been investigated. Incorporation of eugenol in chitosan-alginate films was conducted by using the different concentration of eugenol including 0.25% 0.5%, and 1% (% w/v). The effect of eugenol incorporation in chitosan-alginate films was investigated through some properties of the films such as tensile strength, elongation at break, transparency value, and water vapor permeability. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of eugenol incorporation as an active compound of the films was investigated from antioxidant activity of chitosan-alginate films incorporated eugenol. Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films of chitosan-alginate was occurred through molecular interaction between polycationic groups of chitosan and polyanionic groups of alginate. The formation of chitosan-alginate PEC films was synthesized at pH ± 4.0. Based on FTIR analysis, the ionic interaction between amine groups (–NH3+) and carboxylate groups (–COO¬) formed strongly. Characterization of films also indicated that PEC films of chitosan-alginate incorporated of eugenol was formed. Study showed that PEC chitosan-alginate films had good mechanical properties. Antioxidant activity assay through fixed reaction time method using DPPH radical (α,α-difenil-β- pikrilhidrazil) resulted in good percentage of radical scavenging activity (%RSA) from the films. The E3 films which contain 1% eugenol has 55.99% of RSA value in 96 hours.

Preparation of chitosan-sodium alginate films through layer-by-layer assembly and ferulic acid crosslinking: Film properties, characterization, and formation mechanism

Chitosan-alginate films were prepared through layer-by-layer assembly combined with ferulic acid crosslinking. Their mechanical properties, opacity, and hydrophobicity were compared to films prepared by direct mixing, crosslinking alone, and LBL assembly alone. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the films and analyze their formation mechanism. The results indicated that the layer-by-layer assembly and ferulic acid crosslinking combination increased the tensile strength and light-blocking ability of the films. In addition, the films had a lower water vapor transmission rate, swelling degree, and water solubility, as well as higher hydrophobicity. Scanning electron microscopy showed a good compatibility between the film components of the film prepared by the combination technique. The structural characterization results revealed some strong interactions among the amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups of the ferulic acid, chitosan, and sodium alginate in the film. The driving force for film formation was the generation of non-covalent bonds among the film components rather than covalent bonds.

Towards wound dressings with improved properties: Effects of poly(dimethylsiloxane) on chitosan-alginate films loaded with thymol and beta-carotene

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of poly(dimethylsiloxane) on the mechanical properties of chitosan-alginate (CA) polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with potential application as wound dressing biomaterials. For that purpose, different amounts of poly(dimethylsiloxane) were incorporated during the formulation of the PECs. Results showed that the highest tensile strength was observed when using 0.1 g of poly(dimethylsiloxane) per gram of PEC (CAS10). This formulation was also non-hemolytic, capable of inducing thrombus formation to potentially reduce bleeding, and additionally presented high stability when exposed to physiological fluids and/or conditions simulating patient bathing. To improve its wound healing capacity, this formulation was loaded with thymol and beta-carotene (anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds) by the supercritical carbon dioxide impregnation/deposition (SSI/D) method at 250 bar and 45 °C for 14 h and at two depressurization rates (5 and 10 bar/min). The PECs were also loaded by conventional impregnation in solution for comparison purposes. Higher bioactive loadings, of 1.8 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.03 μg per milligram of PEC for thymol and beta-carotene, respectively, were observed when using SSI/D and a higher depressurization rate (10 bar/min). These values do not correspond to the maximum loaded amount of each bioactive, which were strongly retained in the PEC structure due to favorable bioactive-polymer interactions, originating matrices that should present a more sustained release during in vivo applications.

Chitosan film for treatment of cutaneous wound in a female cat

Chitosan and alginate have the capacity to absorb the secretion, to stimulate collagen production and to restore tissue lesions, and were proved to be biocompatible and biodegradable. This article describes the treatment of an open infected bite-injury located on the right side of the abdominal-chest region, with subcutaneous-tissue loss, in a cat. Chitosan and chitosan-alginate films developed in the Department of Biotechnological Process of the Chemical Engineering School of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) were used to cover the wound. These film dressings were changed at intervals of 48, 72 hours, and at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 24 days. On the 30th day the patient was released. Facing the satisfactory evolution of the injury, one may conclude that both films were effective for the treatment of the described case, leading to a healthy granulation reconstruction of the tissue, and to quick healing and scaring within 30 days.

Synthesis of aligned hematite nanoparticles on chitosan–alginate films

Iron oxide nanoparticles are being viewed with interest owing to the great potential they have in the biomedical applications like MRI contrast enhancement, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia and recently in magnetic separation of cancer cells from the body. Templated synthesis has been considered ideal for synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles as particles are attracted magnetically, in addition to usual flocculation through van der Waals attraction. Biological templates are attractive owing to their biocompatibility and the attractive porosity and surface chemistry that nature provides. Polysaccharides like chitosan and alginate have been employed in the synthesis of a polyion complex, which provided the active-binding sites for iron(II) ions in solution to bind. The natural organization of chitosan and alginate into a porous film has been exploited to synthesize spherical iron oxide nanoparticles through careful calcination of the iron(II) conjugate film. Our experiments indicate that the formed nanoparticles are highly crystalline, confirm to the hematite structure and have a superparamagnetic response with a low coercivity of 116 Oe. Particles thus synthesized were highly monodisperse with hydrodynamic diameter of 1.8 nm. The symmetric porosity of the film translates into the synthesis of well-aligned nanoparticles of iron oxide. Compared to synthesis in solution, the film-assisted synthesis offered a greater degree of control over the particle size distribution pattern, with the chitosan–alginate template providing the needed spatial separation to prevent the aggregation due to magnetostatic coupling. Such hematite nanoparticles can either be used directly or converted to paramagnetic magnetite by reduction. Zeta potential measurements indicate highly stable nanoparticles, which can therefore be conjugated to cationic liposomes carrying drugs and magnetically guided to target sites.

Obtaining and Caracterization of Biocompatible Supports as Microparticles and Chitosan-Alginate Films with Immobilized Urease

This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of the microparticles and films from chitosan,alginate and alginate/chitosan in relation to their application as supports for the urease immobilization. These enzymes are imobilized by using the following adsorbtion on solid supports methods: direct immersion of the support into enzymatic solutions; direct attachment of the carbodiimide derivate or sodium citrate activated supports. Carbodiimide activated supports have proved to be the most appropriate imobilization procedure. In this case the immobilization yields exceed 70%.