To improve the accuracy and robustness of linear motor mover position detection from the target image, this article constructs an aperiodic sinusoidal stripe image and introduces the chirp transform algorithm (CTA) to achieve a fast, high-precision measurement. First, three kinds of sinusoidal stripe images are generated by controlling the stripe period of the sinusoidal stripe image. Second, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix is used to optimize the aperiodic sinusoidal stripe image with strong robustness. Third, a line-scanning camera is used to scan the image information to acquire the one-dimensional (1-D) signal, thereby improving the real-time performance. Finally, the displacement between the 1-D signals is calculated by the CTA, and the moving distance of the mover can be acquired in accordance with the calibration coefficient of the measurement system. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the mover position measurement method.