Rubber Chips Research Articles

The The Effects of Recycled Tire Rubbers and Steel Fibers on the Performance of Self-compacting Alkali Activated Concrete

In this study, the effects of recycled tire rubbers (RTR) and steel fiber (SF) on the fresh and hardened state properties of the self-compacted alkali activated concrete (SCAAC) were investigated. The ground granulated blast furnace slag, 1 % hooked-end SF, and two types of RTR were utilized. The crumb rubbers (CR) and tire rubber chips (TCR) were used as a substation to natural aggregates at substation levels of 10 % and 15 %. The fresh state performances were evaluated by T50 value, slump flow, V-funnel, and L-Box tests, while mechanical performances were assessed through compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength tests. Also, detailed crack and microstructural analyses were conducted. The RTR adversely affected the fresh state properties, which reduced more with SF inclusions. Among the RTR, the TR specimens exhibited lower fresh state performance than the CR specimens. Similar mechanical strengths were obtained on the TR and CR specimens under the same replacement ratios. However, TR specimens exhibited higher deformation capacities than the CR specimens, when SF was utilized. The SCAAC specimens with 1 % SF and 15 % RTR showed more and wider flexural cracks, higher mechanical strength, and deformation capacity, which can be utilized in structural applications, particularly in high seismic zones.

Experimental Study on Geopolymer Rubberized concrete using natural Zeolite

On one hand, the utilization of rubber tires is ever-increasing, expected to further increase at a rapid rate, and with that the waste rubber. When the tires become old, worn out and irreparable, it is often dumped in landfills. For every one billion tires produced, an equal amount of tires being removed from the vehicles. This waste can be utilized in large quantities when employed in the construction industry. On the other hand, cement-based concrete utilization also increasing at a faster rate and with that the CO2 emissions. These two major issues i.e. waste rubber utilization and curbing of cement consumption can be effectively done by developing geopolymer concrete with the replacement of waste rubber chips and rubber powder in the place of natural aggregates. In the present study, the geopolymer concrete has been developed by using fly ash, GGBS, and zeolite as binder materials, sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate as alkaline activators, rubber chips as a partial replacement to natural coarse aggregate, rubber powder as a partial replacement to natural fine aggregate. Rubberized geopolymer concretes have been developed by replacing fly ash with 5% zeolite, natural coarse aggregate with 2.5% waste rubber chips, and natural fine aggregate with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of waste rubber powder. The developed concrete is then assessed for its performance through mechanical properties, durability behaviour. The results showed the developed concrete has high impact resistance and good freeze-thaw resistance properties. This concrete is suitable for the members subjected to high-impact loads.

Application of waste tire rubber and recycled aggregates in concrete products: A new compression casting approach

The inferior performance of eco-friendly concrete owing to the addition of waste materials is a big hurdle in its practical adaptation. This study focuses on developing eco-friendly and green concrete, having performance similar to normal aggregate concrete (NAC). For this purpose, two waste products, including recycled aggregates (RA) and waste tire chipped rubber (CR), were used during the study. Furthermore, green concrete was also manufactured using RA treated through techniques such as lime immersion with carbonation and acetic acid immersion with mechanical rubbing. To achieve the strength of green concrete similar to NAC, an innovative concrete casting approach was followed. Green concrete specimens were cast and then compressed in the fresh state using specially designed molds. Results show that the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) incorporating 20% CR in replacement of coarse aggregates is noticed 49% lower than NAC. However, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of compressed RAC and treated RAC incorporating 10-20% of CR in replacement of coarse aggregates are quite close to traditional concrete specimens without CR. No such method is available in the current literature through which green concrete incorporating RA and CR can achieve properties similar to NAC. Furthermore, the cost comparison and cement strength contribution index calculated in this study also show the industrial application potential of the new casting approach. Therefore, the developed concrete casting approach promotes the efficient utilization of RA and CR in the production of precast concrete members resulting in eco-friendly and sustainable construction.

Influence of compression casting technique and chipped rubber usage on the strength parameters of concrete

Recycled rubber is not considered as an option for the production of recycled concrete as it decreases the strength parameters of concrete in a major outsource. In this research work, a new kind of testing method is taken into consideration for the production of precast members. Compression casting is mainly considered for the production of compressed concrete precast members. Chipped rubber is used as an option over natural coarse aggregate. Chipped rubber at normal instance decreases the durable properties of concrete but the combination of compression testing as well as chipped rubber replacement can note be neglected. Chipped rubber is replaced at 0–50% with natural coarse aggregate. The freshly prepared concrete is condensed in a specially designed mould and after that compression, casting technique is applied over it. Samples of both compressed chipped rubber as well as uncompressed chipped rubber are prepared and then tested further for compressive strength test, modulus of elasticity test, water absorption test. Scanning electron microscopy, as well as cost analysis of controlled concrete, compressed rubber concrete and uncompressed rubber concrete, is performed to get the ultimate benefits of this type of concrete. Compressive strength test results show that the mix with 30% replaced of ripped rubber under compression gives the maximum results of all. Also, the results of elastic modulus were maximum for the same. Cost analysis shows that compressed rubber concrete shows major benefits in the case of precast concrete members. This proposed method should be implemented by the concrete industry from an environmental point of view .

Experimental investigation on the strength of chipped rubber-based concrete

In this research work, the strength and microstructure of chipped rubber-based compressed concrete have been investigated. Chipped rubber has been utilized as an option over coarse aggregate. Chipped rubber at normal instance decreases the durable properties of concrete but the combination of compression testing as well as chipped rubber replacement can significantly affect the strength of the material. During the study, coarse aggregate has been replaced at 0-50% with chipped rubber. The freshly prepared concrete has been condensed in a specially designed mould and after that compression casting technique has been applied. Samples of both compressed chipped rubber as well as uncompressed chipped rubber have been prepared and then examined further for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and abrasion resistance. Microstructures of conventional concrete, compressed rubber concrete, and uncompressed rubber concrete, has also been analyzed. The results show that the concrete with replacement by 20% of chipped rubber gives the significant results for compressive strength and split tensile strength. This proposed method should be implemented by the concrete industry from an environmental point of view.

An Experimental Study on Self-Compacting Concrete Using Tyre Rubber and Recycled Aggregate

The present study carried out for an experimental investigation on both fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing waste tyre rubber and recycled aggregate (RA). The tyre rubber replaced 5 % and 10 % with coarse aggregate by its weight. The recycled aggregate replaced 5 % and 10 % with coarse aggregate by its weight. Totally 7 mix were prepared including the combination of 5 % tyre rubber with 5 % recycled aggregate and 10 % tyre rubber with 10 % recycled aggregate. The 5 mm and 10 mm size of rubber chips are used. The M30 grade concrete mix design was adopted for the present work. For SCC preparation, the coarse aggregate amount decreased by 35 % and fine aggregate amount increased 35 % with water cement ratio (w/c) 0.43 and super plasticizer (SP) 0.4%. To obtain fresh properties slump flow test, T500 test, J - ring test, V - funnel test, L - box test and U - box test is conducted. For hardened concrete properties the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength tests are conducted. An attempt has been taken to identify the combine potential effect of tyre rubber and recycled aggregate in concrete and necessity of fresh and hardened properties for the SCC mix.

Evaluation of concrete–steel interfaces in steel tubes filled with chipped rubber–concrete

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) where waste chipped rubber, sourced from scrap tyres, partially replaces natural coarse aggregate. A series of push-out tests on 112 circular and square CFST specimens were investigated with the main parameters considered in the tests being: (a) cross-sectional type (circular and square); (b) cross-sectional dimensions; (c) concrete type (normal and rubberised concretes); (d) replacement ratio of recycled chipped rubber; and (e) concrete age (28–365 days). Four rubber chip replacement ratios (0, 10, 20 and 30%) by volume of coarse aggregate were used. The experimental results indicated that cross-sectional type and dimensions have a high impact on the interfacial bond strength. The bond strength in larger circular tubes was about 60% more than the bond strength in smaller circular tubes, and about 127% and 42% more than the bond strength in large and small square tubes, respectively. It was also found that CFSTs incorporating chipped rubber shared a generally similar interface bond behaviour between the concrete core and steel tubes with conventional CFSTs. Moreover, the bond strength decreased remarkably with the increase of concrete age.

Sand–tyre chips mixtures in undrained and drained cyclic triaxial tests

This paper deals with the stress-controlled cyclic triaxial response of saturated sand rubber chips (RC) mixtures at different gravimetric contents. Three types of sand were utilised, namely, uniform medium and coarse sands, as well as a combination of the two at two relative densities. A series of consolidated undrained and drained single-stage cyclic triaxial tests was performed using standard equipment to evaluate the development of the accumulated excess pore-water pressures, permanent axial and volumetric strains. Samples were anisotropically consolidated prior to cyclic loading. The results showed that for all sands adding 10% RC increases the liquefaction potential. Compared to pure sand, increasing the chips content beyond 20–30% generally yields an improvement as long as the sand is not too coarse. Expressions have been derived for the evolution of accumulated pore-water pressure and the relation between excess pore-water pressure from the undrained test and cumulative volumetric strain from drained tests. Although the findings were derived for a single set of loads, they reveal the basic characteristics of the cyclic composite material behaviour.

Laboratory Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of a Rubber–Calcareous Sand Mixture: The Effect of Rubber Content

This paper introduces a rubber–calcareous sand mixture as a lightweight building material in offshore engineering. The mechanical properties of mixtures of varying rubber contents were investigated by performing a one-dimensional (1-D) compression test in a modified oedometer cell, as well as a resonant column test. A discussion on the test results, along with detailed interpretations regarding the role of rubber chips in the mixtures, are provided. It was found that the virgin compression curves of the rubber–calcareous sand mixtures tended to converge at a certain stress level, whilst the stress level depended on the rubber content. Moreover, the relative breakage was examined by comparing the particle size distribution curves of the calcareous sand before and after the compression test. It was shown that the grain crushing of calcareous sand was less remarkable with the inclusion of rubber chips. Furthermore, the small strain shear modulus (G0) of the mixtures decreased with the rubber content, yet the modulus reduction and damping curves exhibited little difference for the specimens of varying rubber contents.

BOD Treatment in HSSF Constructed Wetlands Using Different Media (Set-up stage). (Dept. C)

Municipal wastewater treatment through horizontal subsurface flow (HSSE) constructed wetlands using three different treatment media (gravel, pieces of plastic pipes, and shredded tire rubber chips) were investigated in Samaha wastewater treatment plant, Dakahlia, Egypt. This study focused on the wetland set up stage during the first months of wetland operation. In this stage media porosity, bacterial biofilm, and plants roots growth were in progress and it was prior to the operational steady state stage. Objectives of this paper are to study the change in media porosity of HSSF wetland cells, to evaluate the use of different bed media on BOD treatment and to study the relationship between wetland hydraulic properties and pollutant removal rates during set up stage. The results showed that after 180 days of operation the wetland cells had reached steady porosity. Also, plastic cell gave more BOD reduction than gravel and rubber cells by average values of 4.83% and 8.66% respectively.

English

English

Effect of compression casting method on the compressive strength, elastic modulus and microstructure of rubber concrete

Recycling rubber in the production of structural concrete is not considered a feasible option due to a significant reduction in the strength and elastic modulus of concrete. A novel concrete casting method is developed in this work that can greatly increase the strength and elastic modulus of rubber concrete. The mix design used in the study is the same as that for natural aggregate concrete (NAC), apart from replacing some of the natural coarse aggregate (NCA) by chipped rubber. Concrete specimens were cast with 0–100% chipped rubber in replacement of NCA. The fresh rubber concrete was then condensed in a specially designed mold to compress the volume of wet concrete for a period of time before demolding. Stress-strain behaviour of compressed and uncompressed rubber concrete specimens was evaluated and compared with the NAC specimens. Results show that improved stress-strain behaviour i.e., higher compressive strength and elastic modulus, are observed for compressed rubber concrete specimens as compared with uncompressed specimens, which show the effectiveness of the compression technique in enhancing the performance of rubber concrete. Compressed rubber concrete specimens with a 20% replacement ratio of chipped rubber show 35% and 29% increase in strength and elastic modulus as compared with NAC specimens, respectively. Based on the results, up to 30% of NCA can be replaced by chipped rubber to obtain compressed rubber concrete with the compressive strength and elastic modulus greater or similar to those of NAC. The proposed method encourages the utilization of waste rubber in concrete and can be easily adopted by the precast industry to manufacture precast concrete products leading towards sustainable and environment-friendly construction.

Application of waste tyre rubber chips as coarse aggregate in concrete

The practicality and the engineering properties of portland cement concrete (PCC) and three types of rubberized PCC mixes prepared by partially replacing the conventional coarse aggregate with rubber were examined. The rubberized PCC mixes contained 5%, 10% and 15% waste tyre rubber chips as replacement of conventional coarse aggregate. Different physical and mechanical properties of the control (0% rubber chips) and the rubberized concrete samples were determined. A 5% replacement of conventional aggregates resulted in a 5% reduction of compressive strength, a 10% replacement resulted in a 26% reduction and a 15% replacement resulted in a reduction of 47%. A 5% replacement of conventional aggregates resulted in a 6% reduction of tensile strength, a 10% replacement resulted in a 33% reduction and a 15% replacement resulted in a reduction of 53%. A 5% replacement of conventional aggregates resulted in a 13% reduction of flexural strength, a 10% replacement resulted in a 33% reduction and a 15% replacement resulted in a reduction of 42%. Although concrete made from tyres had lower strength than the normal concrete, rubberized concrete can find its use in landscaping, sports field ground, architectural finishing, lightweight concrete walls etc.
 Progressive Agriculture 30 (3): 328-334, 2019

Performance of Modified Rubber Aggregate Concrete with GGBS and Silica

Transfer of tyre rubber suit a tremendous difficulty in India step by step. Analysts are attempting to utilize waste rubber in structural building venture from numerous days back. When coarse aggregate was replaced with 20% chipped rubber it was found that the optimum replacement is5% but still there is a deficit in some strength from conventional concrete. This research programme tries to minimise this gap by adding extra 5% micro silica of the weight of cement and also by replacing 40% of cement by GGBS. Here cubes, cylinders, and prisms were casted to test compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability against heat and were observed after 28 days and 56 days.

RETRACTED: Strength and dynamic elasticity modulus of rubberized concrete designed with ANFIS modeling and ultrasonic technique

Abstract Rubberized concrete, a composite made with different percentages of waste rubber chips as a partial replacement of coarse aggregates, was investigated in this study by experiments and modeling. For this purpose, different mixtures of rubberized concrete composite were made by replacing 10% and 15% of coarse aggregates by weight (wt%), while incorporating the admixtures, i.e. silica fume and zeolite into the binder, by 10 wt% of cement. Rubberized concrete samples were cured at two different relative humidities (RH) of 0.5 and 1, and different tests were carried out at four different ages. Compressive strength and quasi-static Young’s modulus tests were carried out on different mixtures cast in cubic and cylindrical samples, respectively. Ultrasonic technique was employed to measure the pulse velocity and the dynamic Young’s modulus of elasticity of the rubberized concrete samples was determined based on compression (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave velocity in rubberized concrete. The dynamic modulus obtained from ultrasonic measurements were compared with those of standard equation, and the correlation and errors were assessed. In order to simulate and predict the compressive strength of the rubberized cement composite in terms of the influencing parameters, namely cement content, silica fume, zeolite, rubber %, RH, and age, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were developed, and the prediction results and performance criteria were obtained for training, validation, and testing datasets. Parametric study of the ANFIS model was also conducted to investigate each variable’s effect on the compressive strength of the rubberized concrete.

RETRACTED: Application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for strength prediction of rubberized concrete containing silica fume and zeolite

Rubberized concrete containing waste tire rubber, silica fume, and zeolite cured in different curing conditions has been investigated in this paper. For this purpose, coarse aggregates were partially replaced by different percentages of waste rubber chips, namely 10% and 15%, and silica fume and zeolite were incorporated into the binder to replace 10% of cement mass. Different mixes were made and cured in two different conditions, namely in water and air with relative humidity of 100% and 50%, respectively. Compressive strengths of mixes were measured at different ages as 3, 7, 28, and 42 days. In order to simulate and predict the compressive strength of the rubberized cement composite, the influencing parameters were considered as cement content, silica fume, zeolite, rubber percentage, relative humidity, and age of the samples. Then, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was employed to develop a prediction model for compressive strength of the concrete. Six variables were introduced into the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model as inputs and the compressive strength was considered as the output. Prediction results and performance criteria were determined for various datasets including training, validation, testing, and all data. Parametric study of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models was also conducted to investigate the effect of each variable on the compressive strength of the rubberized concrete. Based on the correlations and errors obtained from the model, it was found that the proposed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model can be a robust tool for predicting the behavior of complex composite materials such as rubberized concrete.

Study on Utilization of Waste Tire Rubber Chip as Coarse Aggregate with Mineral Admixture in Concrete

Study on Utilization of Waste Tire Rubber Chip as Coarse Aggregate with Mineral Admixture in Concrete

Ductile Behaviour of Beam Made from Modified Tyre Rubber Concrete

In last little decade technology being guided by the sustainability and environmental issues. Civil engineering is not exceptional ion this matter. As concrete is deriving from natural resource, a big question is being asked all time what will be the future technology and future path. Last few years researchers tried to incorporate the waste material in concrete especially in cement and in fine aggregate. Waste tyres can be an alternate material to replace mineral aggregate. But the mechanical properties decrease with the increase of tyre rubber. So in present study we replaced 40% cement with fly ash and use 5% extra silica of the weight of cement to enhanced the property of tyre rubber concrete which made by replacing 5% coarse aggregate by chipped rubber. Made beams with the modified concrete and check the ductility factor of both types.

Waste tire rubber and pozzolans in concrete: A trade-off between cleaner production and mechanical properties in a greener concrete

Abstract This study presents a cleaner production of a concrete by incorporating waste rubber chips and pozzolans to make a greener concrete through partial replacement of aggregates and cement. For this purpose, aggregate was replace by 10 and 15% by graded waste rubber (RB) and cement was partially replaced by pozzolans, namely silica fume (SF) and zeolite (ZE) by 10%. Fresh and hardened properties of the concrete was investigated through slump, compressive strength and elasticity modulus. The effect of RB, SF and ZE addition on fresh properties was assessed which indicated 5% and 14.6% slump reduction for 10% and 15% rubber replacement, 4% increase due to SF addition, and 4% decrease as a result of ZE addition. The microstructure of the pozzolans was also investigated using SEM micrographs. Compressive strengths of the samples were measured at different ages of 3, 7, 28, and 42 days and compared with ACI 318 equation in order to modify the coefficients for the greener concrete. Elasticity moduli of the concrete mixes were determined according to ASTM C469 . The results indicated that 10% and 15% rubber replacement led to 30% and 50% strength drop, respectively. The corresponding reduction in elastic modulus was observed as 14% and 32%. The elastic modulus was also estimated using relationships presented in different standards based on compressive strength. It was found that ACI 318 relationship underestimates the elastic modulus for which the correction factors were determined. Three different regression models namely Linear, Logarithmic, and Power were also developed in order to predict the compressive strength of greener concrete. Power regression with R2 = 0.92 proved to be more powerful among other assessed regression models.

RETRACTED: On the strength and pulse velocity of rubberized concrete containing silica fume and zeolite: Prediction using multivariable regression models

Abstract In this study, rubberized concrete containing waste rubber chips, silica fume and zeolite was investigated. For this purpose, coarse aggregates were partially replaced by waste tire rubber, i.e. 10 wt% and 15 wt%. Silica fume and zeolite were incorporated into the binder to replace 10% of the cement. Different mixes were cast and cured in two curing conditions. Compressive strengths of mixes were measured at different ages as 3, 7, 28, and 42 days. Ultrasonic tests were carried out to measure the pulse velocity in different mixes of the rubberized concrete. The relationship between the compressive strength and the pulse velocity was investigated by a power relationship and the coefficients were determined for different mixes. It was observed that strength drops were typically greater in sample without admixtures especially at 28 days of age. It was also found that the pulse velocity could well capture the curing condition and admixtures’ effect on rubberized concrete. Quite high correlations were also observed between the compressive strength and pulse velocity in various mixtures. In order to predict the compressive strengths of the rubberized concrete, different types of multivariable regression models were developed and compared to find the best predictive model for the rubberized concrete. It was found that the full quadratic model was the best model with highest correlation among the assessed regression models.