Chipless RFID Research Articles

Wireless chipless RFID temperature and humidity sensor based on Fe2O3-Co3O4/SnO2/rGO composites

Due to its convenience and affordability, chipless RFID technology has become increasingly popular for detecting environmental temperature and humidity. This paper presents a wireless chipless RFID sensor for measuring temperature and humidity. The sensor utilizes a composite material consisting of Fe2O3-Co3O4、SnO2、and rGO to achieve accurate detection of both temperature and humidity. We investigated the change of RFID resonance frequency under different temperature and humidity variations. The temperature and humidity sensitive material is coated on the surface of the antenna by spinning coating machine. The combined structure of nanoparticle-attached rods of Fe2O3-Co3O4, granular clusters of SnO2 and flakes of rGO enhances the sensor’s sensitivity to temperature and humidity measurements. The sensitivity of the temperature and humidity sensor is approximately-0.293 MHz/°C and −2.12 dB/°C during a change in ambient temperature from 10 °C to 85 °C, and approximately −2.11 MHz/°C and 0.19 dB/%RH during a change in humidity from 10 %RH to 65 %RH at normal ambient temperature. The response time of the temperature and humidity sensor to temperature and humidity changes is 15.3 s and 10.1 s, and the recovery time is 21.7 s and 17.5 s, respectively. The wireless chipless RFID sensor has good sensitivity and responsiveness for temperature and humidity measurements.

An Innovative Method Based on Wavelet Analysis for Chipless RFID Tag Detection

Chipless RFID tags have attractive low-cost advantages. However, traditional RFID anti-collision algorithms cannot be applied due to a lack of computing and processing capabilities. Problems with multitag detection must be solved to commercialize chipless RFID tags. In this paper, an innovative method for frequency-domain chipless RFID tag detection is proposed. The tags’ scattered signals are processed via wavelet analysis, and a time–frequency plot that can read the code is obtained. When the distance between tags is too close to distinguish in the time–frequency plot, independent component analysis is used to separate individual scattered signals from mixed echo signals; then, the code is read by means of wavelet analysis. To validate the proposed method, C-shaped frequency-domain chipless RFID tag models and a multitag detection simulation scenario were constructed in selected software. The short-time matrix pencil method (STMPM), short-time Fourier transform (STFT), and the proposed method were compared. When the tag spacing is 0.05 m, the code can be read successfully. Compared with the STMPM, the proposed method greatly reduces the computational quantity and shortens the reading time. Furthermore, adjustment of the window width and search step parameters is avoided.

Analysis and design of smart food packaging monitoring model based on chipless RFID sensor

Abstract Logistics plays a crucial role in shaping the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations. The manual monitoring approach often entails labor-intensive procedures, leading to inefficiencies and ineffectiveness within the logistics sector. The incorporation of sensors into product packaging holds the potential to benefit consumers by ensuring freshness and quality. Simultaneously, it enables retail industries to manage their inventory and verify product authenticity more effectively. Chipless RFID sensors, a wireless technology, offer advantages as a data input medium in the series of activities involved in product distribution systems. The amalgamation of sensor technology and RFID introduces novel prospects for overseeing and controlling perishable products. This study introduces an intelligent radio frequency label equipped with a sensor capable of measuring temperature and humidity. The purpose of this research is to analyze and design a chipless RFID-based product quality monitoring system. The research methodology begins with an identification system, an analysis of the interaction between stakeholders, and analysis and design using SAP Power Design. The implementation of chipless RFID involves industry, chipless RFID architecture, and buyers, as well as the primary environment of the system. Business Process Modeling and Notation Diagrams describe the flow of material and data between actors and describe their processing to produce quality data and information.

Applications of Chipless RFID Humidity Sensors to Smart Packaging Solutions.

Packaging solutions have recently evolved to become smart and intelligent thanks to technologies such as RFID tracking and communication systems, but the integration of sensing functionality in these systems is still under active development. In this paper, chipless RFID humidity sensors suitable for smart packaging are proposed together with a novel strategy to tune their performances and their operating range. The sensors are flexible, fast, low-cost and easy to fabricate and can be read wirelessly. The sensitivity and the humidity range where they can be used are adjustable by changing one of the sensor's structural parameters. Moreover, these sensors are proposed as double parameter sensors, using both the frequency shift and the intensity variation of the resonance peak for the measure of the relative humidity. The results show that the sensitivity can vary remarkably among the sensors proposed, together with the operative range. The sensor suitability in two specific smart packaging applications is discussed. In the first case, a threshold sensor in the low-humidity range for package integrity verification is analyzed, and in the second case, a more complex measurement of humidity in non-hermetic packages is investigated. The discussion shows that the sensor configuration can easily be adapted to the different application needs.

Class of Platform-Tolerant High Encoding Capacity Chipless RFID Tags for EAN/GTIN Encoding

Class of Platform-Tolerant High Encoding Capacity Chipless RFID Tags for EAN/GTIN Encoding

Chipless RFID based multi-sensor tag for printed electronics

This research presents the design and implementation of a chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) multi-sensor tag on a flexible laminate. Along with the tag's primary function of data encoding for object identification purposes, the tag also incorporates moisture and temperature sensing functionalities within a compact size measuring a mere 15 × 16 mm2. The tag structure comprises of a total 29 resonators, with each resonator corresponding to one bit in the microwave response. The initial design utilized the bendable Rogers RT/duroid®5880 within a frequency band of 5.48–28.87 GHz. To conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis, the tag design is optimized for two distinct substrates including Kapton®HN and PET. The optimization process involves exploring the utilization of both silver nanoparticle-based ink and Aluminum as radiators. The sensing feature was incorporated by deploying a thin film of Kapton®HN over the longest slot of the tag which acts as a moisture sensor. Temperature sensing feature was achieved by combining Stanyl® polyamide, a temperature dependent polymer, with Rogers RT/duroid®5880 which served as a fused substrate. The tag showcases a high code density of 12.08 bits/cm2 enabling it to efficiently label 229 unique items. Its unique features include flexibility, miniaturized design, printability, cost-effectiveness and multi sensing property.

Utilizing deep learning in chipless RFID tag detection: an investigation on high-precision mm-wave spatial tag estimation from 2D virtual imaging

ABSTRACT Due to their high price, RFID tags are not yet widely used in applications for monitoring, tracing, and information inscribing, such as manufacturing lines, supply chains, and inventory management. The currently utilized barcode-like tracing techniques lack security, experience data limitation, are semi-automated, and are prone to external damage. Chipless RFID technology is a potential replacement, able to overcome shortcomings. However, due to the uncertainty created by the absence of a communication antenna and microchip, the detection of chipless RFID tags has a 2–5% detection error rate. The recent advancement in spatial chipless RFID technology has opened up a plethora of opportunities to use deep learning, which is becoming increasingly popular, to detect chipless RFID tags from a 2D virtual image created from the backscattered signal. In this study, we presented a comprehensive and exhaustive investigation of several deep learning techniques to improve the detection capability of deep learning-based chipless RFID tag detection. Our proposed fine-tuning methods yielded better mathematical metrics on the state-of-the-art on its original setup. A confusion matrix used to measure error rates on unseen data shows that the improved deep learning architecture we introduced works at roughly 99.99% accuracy.

Life Cycle Assessment of UHF and Chipless RFID

Life Cycle Assessment of UHF and Chipless RFID

3D Chipless RFID Tag for Anti-Counterfeiting Applications

3D Chipless RFID Tag for Anti-Counterfeiting Applications

A Comprehensive Study of Chipless RFID Sensors for Healthcare Applications

A Comprehensive Study of Chipless RFID Sensors for Healthcare Applications

A Low Profile 20-bit Frequency-coded L-shape Multi-slot Resonator for Chipless RFID Applications

A Low Profile 20-bit Frequency-coded L-shape Multi-slot Resonator for Chipless RFID Applications

Chipless RFID Physical Layer Security With MIMO-Based Multi-Dimensional Data Points for Internet of Things

Chipless RFID Physical Layer Security With MIMO-Based Multi-Dimensional Data Points for Internet of Things

Detecting RFID chipless technology with software programmed radio: a study of slit and line configurations

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for monitoring chipless RFID technology using a radio transmitter and receiver. The researchers analyzed the behavior of a printed label made with an aluminum-based ink from a thermal printer and compared the read characteristics of the receptor with a baseline. The results showed a shift in the reading characteristics near the resonance point of the curve. In the resonance area, the coded signal deviated from the baseline, floating above the baseline in the slit configuration and below in the line configuration. These observations provide valuable insights into the performance of chipless RFID technology and the potential to optimize its functionality. Chipless RFID technology has the potential to revolutionize the packaging industry by offering a cost-effective and efficient means of tracking and managing inventory. Unlike traditional RFID tags, chipless RFID utilizes the unique characteristics of the packaging material itself to store and transmit data, eliminating the need for expensive chips and simplifying the manufacturing and assembly process. Real-time item tracking, product quality and safety monitoring, and improved supply chain management are among the benefits of chipless RFID, with the potential to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and increase profitability for companies.

Chipless RF Identification Sensors for Vital Signs Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review

Chipless RF Identification Sensors for Vital Signs Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review

Coding of Chipless RFID Tag using Multiresonator

This research presents the design and simulation of chipless RFID tag based on retransmission. Chipless RFID tag design using inverted L-shaped multi-resonator is proposed in this research. The coding capacity of the tag is 10 bits and the design is simulated using FR4 substrate. Total of 2^(10 ) individual data can be encoded through the proposed design. Occupied frequency range of the design is from 2 GHz to 4 GHz. Chipless RFID tags have its wide applications due to its low cost and compact structure. The printed versions of this tags can be effectively employed in supply chain management for industries.

Time–Temperature Excursion Monitoring Using Chipless RFID Tags and Organic Oils

Time–Temperature Excursion Monitoring Using Chipless RFID Tags and Organic Oils

Ultrathin and Bendable mm-Wave Chipless Tags Based on Grounded Periodic Surfaces

Depolarizing mm-wave chipless RFID tags based on grounded dipole resonators characterized by an extremely thin profile are proposed. The use of thin grounded substrate (below 0.15 mm) makes the tags bendable. The presence of the ground plane allows to isolate the response of the tag from surrounding objects making the proposed configuration suitable for non-planar lossy objects like filled water bottles or containers. The periodic surface configuration is employed to obtain a sufficiently large RCS to increase the read range of the tags. The proposed tags operate between 26 GHz and 40 GHz, which allows to achieve the miniaturization necessary for practical scenarios. Toward low cost, thermal printing fabrication is investigated taking lithographic one as a reference. The associated severely loss (introduced by both ultra thin substrate and thermal printing), and the rotation sensitivity of depolarizing label are discussed theoretically and well addressed experimentally. Rotation insensitivity up to 5 degrees and long read range up to 150 cm are experimentally verified. The readability of the proposed ultra-thin tags applied to filled bottles is successfully assessed comparing the performance of tags with and without ground plane.

Review of Wireless RFID Strain Sensing Technology in Structural Health Monitoring.

Strain-based condition evaluation has garnered as a crucial method for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of large-scale engineering structures. The use of traditional wired strain sensors becomes tedious and time-consuming due to their complex wiring operation, more workload, and instrumentation cost to collect sufficient data for condition state evaluation, especially for large-scale engineering structures. The advent of wireless and passive RFID technologies with high efficiency and inexpensive hardware equipment has brought a new era of next-generation intelligent strain monitoring systems for engineering structures. Thus, this study systematically summarizes the recent research progress of cutting-edge RFID strain sensing technologies. Firstly, this study introduces the importance of structural health monitoring and strain sensing. Then, RFID technology is demonstrated including RFID technology's basic working principle and system component composition. Further, the design and application of various kinds of RFID strain sensors in SHM are presented including passive RFID strain sensing technology, active RFID strain sensing technology, semi-passive RFID strain sensing technology, Ultra High-frequency RFID strain sensing technology, chipless RFID strain sensing technology, and wireless strain sensing based on multi-sensory RFID system, etc., expounding their advantages, disadvantages, and application status. To the authors' knowledge, the study initially provides a systematic comprehensive review of a suite of RFID strain sensing technology that has been developed in recent years within the context of structural health monitoring.

A Quarter-Circled Multi-Resonator for UWB Re-transmission Based Chipless RFID

This paper introduces the design and analyses of a new planar parallel microstrip quarter-circled multi-resonator (PQMR) for the chipless radio frequency identification (CRFID) that works in ultra-wide band (UWB) frequency region. The proposed PQMR has identifying (IDing) and potential sensing capabilities to work as a tag-sensor. The PQMR works within 3.30 GHz – 6.53 GHz with a high -10dB quality-factor (Q10dB) of 692, a good spatial density of as low as 7.05 mm2/bit, very good spectral density of 7.33 bits/GHz and a coding capacity of 17 bit with one-bit sensing ability. Different combinations of coding bit streams are also extracted to show the identification ability of the proposed design. This will motivate the CRFID designers to design small and high-capacity tag- sensors for UWB applications.

A Low-Profile AMC-Backed Octagonal Chipless RFID Tag with Enhanced Read Range

A Low-Profile AMC-Backed Octagonal Chipless RFID Tag with Enhanced Read Range