Chinese Websites Research Articles

Libraries and Archives in the Digital Age

Libraries and Archives in the Digital Age

Gaps and Directions in Addressing Non-Communicable and Chronic Diseases in China: A Policy Analysis.

Objective: Non-communicable and chronic diseases (NCDs) have become a public health problem that seriously threatens the population’s health, especially in rapidly industrialized countries. Given the complexity of managing NCDs, there is growing evidence that interventions embedding or incorporating health promotion strategies can help reduce the disease burden of NCDs. This review aims to identify and map existing control and prevention policies for NCDs in China and identify gaps or opportunities for policy modifications and development, to transfer evidence-based guidelines into empirical public health intervention practices and research. Design: A review was conducted to evaluate the policy documents to manage NCDs in China. Keywords “chronic disease”, “health”, and “policy” were used to search documents published on the Chinese official national websites. Nvivo 12.0 was used to conduct a content analysis of the policy documents. Results: Fifty-six NCD prevention policies were retrieved from the search, and ten documents that incorporated the health promotion component were analyzed. The Healthy China 2030 Plan and Recommendations on Implementing the Healthy China Action are the core health policies of China’s Central Government. These, coupled with three nationwide community-based projects, have provided a foundational transformation platform for health promotion implementation. Conclusion: This review revealed the Chinese Government’s determination and commitment toward the prevention and control of NCDs and the promotion public health. Additional efforts and a focus on accelerating policy transformation and strengthening policy evaluation are required to achieve this commitment.

A multi‐perspective exploration of the environmental website disclosure in global manufacturing

AbstractIn this work, more than 340 of the largest manufacturing companies from China, Europe, Japan, and the United States are analysed to measure the extent of their environmental website disclosure from multiple perspectives, to explore determining factors of disclosure and to investigate whether disclosure correlates to scores of environmental performance ratings. The study data set included more than 80 website observation items, data about downloadable annual sustainability reports, financial performance data and the environmental scores in the CDP Rating and the Refinitiv ESG Scores. Descriptive statistical analyses and correlation analyses were performed for the entire sample and for the regional subsets of the sample. One of the major results is that all regions show low levels of website disclosure. However, some variation in the extent of disclosure was found. The lowest level of disclosure was found for Chinese websites. Higher levels were observed for the companies from Europe, Japan and the United States. The analysis of the reports revealed that only one‐third of the sample companies from China but more than half of the companies from Europe, Japan and the United States supply recent reports. It was also found that integrated reports are less used in the United States, particularly when compared with companies from Europe and Japan. Insights also suggest that there is a weak to moderate correlation between one of the disclosure scores used and the Refinitiv ESG Scores. Further correlation analyses did not provide indications that company age and financial performance are to be considered determining factors of environmental website disclosure.

Online prices and inflation during the nationwide COVID-19 quarantine period: Evidence from 107 Chinese websites

Given the lack of activity in China's offline economy during the COVID-19 quarantine period, online prices provide new insights for analyzing the impacts of the pandemic on the economy. Using online prices from 107 websites in China and the DiD method to remove the Spring Festival effect, we show that the pandemic leads to a 0.4% surge in the overall inflation rate, a 20% decrease in the price change probability, and a 1% decline in the size of absolute price changes. Moreover, the pandemic had heterogeneous impacts on different sectors, leading to significant structural changes in inflation. Specifically, the pandemic hindered the price correction behavior after Spring Festival, and whether products could be consumed while customers stayed at home was an important factor affecting price adjustment and inflation dynamics.

Client-Side Hashing for Efficient Typo-Tolerant Password Checkers

Credential leaks still happen with regular frequency, and show evidence that, despite decades of warnings, password hashing is still not correctly implemented in practice. The common practice today, inherited from previous but obsolete constraints, is to transmit the password in cleartext to the server, where it is hashed and stored. This allows some usability improvements, such as typo-tolerant password checkers — which can correct up to 32% of typos, with no negative impact on security — formally introduced by Chatterjee et al. in 2016, but used in some preliminary forms since 2012. This article investigates the advantages and drawbacks of the alternative of hashing client-side, and shows that it is present today exclusively on Chinese websites. It introduces an alternative typo-correction framework based on client-side hashing, which corrects up to 57% of typos without affecting user experience, at no computational cost to the server. Finally, it proposes some potential ways to improve the industry standards by enforcing accountability on password security.

Reverberations of Collective Traumatic Memories from a South Korean Movie to June Fourth and Jiabiangou

This article begins by probing why the South Korean film banned in China, A Taxi Driver, would receive high accolades from so many Chinese netizens, and why the Chinese websites would suddenly delete all mention of and comments about the film by the end of October 3, 2017. This incident reveals a stark contrast between two countries: the democratic South Korean government has created and maintained the collective memory of the 1980 Gwangju Democratization Movement and reconciled past injustices, whereas the authoritarian Chinese regime has continued to erase the memory of the 1989 Tiananmen Square Pro-democracy Movement and June Fourth Massacre and forbid any discussions and investigations into the truth. After discussing the movie’s transnational reverberations of collective traumatic memories, this article suggests that the taboo on June Fourth drove some concerned authors to write about disasters caused by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) from the Mao era. Examining the writer Yang Xianhui’s (1946- ) strategies to both dodge censorship and unearth the traumatic memories of the Jiabiangou labor camp rightist-inmates from 1957 to 1961, this article argues that Yang’s stories and other authors’ or filmmakers’ works on Jiabiangou would create reverberations of traumatic memories, contribute to collective memory, and indirectly resist the state violence that represses the memories of the CCP-manufactured tragedies.

Chinese marriage websites: Research on the word-of-mouth marketing strategies of Singles Village

Internet Word of Mouth (IWOM) is a positive or negative review of a particular product, service, or company posted and disseminated online by consumers using the Internet. Compared to traditional word-of-mouth, IWOM is characterised by its speed of dissemination, its wide reach and its negative impact on companies. Word-of-mouth marketing based on IWOM is a profound change in marketing history and represents a future trend in marketing development. Research on IWOM is still in its infancy, and relevant results are scarce. This paper starts with an analysis of the characteristics of IWOM and its communication features in the online environment, discusses in depth the application of IWOM objects and communication channels in the dating website Single Valley, and points out the differences between its traditional word-of-mouth communication. For IWOM channels, the paper delves into their classification, implementation forms, influencing factors and key points; for IWOM objects, the paper defines their connotations and principles of acquisition and processing. The business model of word-of-mouth marketing in the online environment and its impact on consumers is also categorised and analysed. Finally, the case of Single Valley is analysed about the reasons for the success of IWOM in this case. Based on this, the strengths and weaknesses of IWOM are presented, and the trends of IWOM are predicted. The above research will help companies gain a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the importance, characteristics, and trends of word-of-mouth marketing in the online environment and help marketing organisations develop effective IWOM strategies based on specific consumer groups.

Investment in transnational identity to become microcelebrities in China: on American uploaders’ success in a Chinese video-sharing website

ABSTRACT Based on Darvin & Norton’s (2015) model of investment, this study conducted a qualitative discourse analysis on 212 videos uploaded by three American microcelebrities on a Chinese video-sharing social media Bilibili. The study explored how the Americans invested in local language and cultural practices, elicited previously possessed affordances as sociocultural capital to enhance their transnational identities, and gained legitimate membership as microcelebrities in the Chinese digitalised third space. The findings may provide implications for intercultural communicators on how to incorporate linguistic, cultural, multimodal and other sociocultural resources to negotiate power to speak in host culture either online or offline. 基于Darvin 和Norton (2015)的投资理论，本文对中国社交媒体Bilibili上3名美国网红发布的212段视频进行了定性话语分析, 阐释其如何通过投资当地语言文化，调动已有社会文化资本强化自身跨国身份，进而获取在华网络第三空间的合法身份。

Post-Purchase Trust in e-Commerce: A Theoretical Framework and a Text Mining-Based Assessment Method

Post-purchase trust is formed after an online transaction is completed and the product or service is experienced. It influences consumers’ repurchase intention and the reputation of vendors. The aim of the current study was to deepen our understanding of post-purchase trust in e-Commerce and to develop a text mining-based assessment method by mining consumers’ online comments. By combining the expectancy-confirmation theory and product evaluation theory, this study proposes a comprehensive model of post-purchase trust encompassing consumers’ evaluation of product, delivery, service, and website. The model was verified by a survey involving 249 consumers. The results indicate that both product evaluation factors and transaction supporting factors have positive impacts on post-purchase trust. Based on this theoretical model, we proposed a text mining-based method to measure these factors through text-mining of consumers’ comments. To demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of the method, the method was applied to analyze 1,015,484 consumers’ comments on personal computer products from jd.com, a major Chinese e-Commerce website. The results suggest that the proposed method can provide practitioners with diagnostic suggestions to promote post-purchase trust and understand consumers better. HIGHLIGHTS Integration of the consumers’ product evaluation model and expectation-confirmation theory is proposed to investigate post-purchase trust in e-commerce. The confirmation of delivery, service, website, and perceived value of products affect consumer satisfaction, thereby affect post-purchase trust. Perceived value is positively affected by perceived price and perceived quality, which can be increased by consumers’ evaluation of the appearance, authenticity, and brand reputation of the product. The proposed model can be used to design text mining-based tools to monitor important factors of post-purchase trust via text mining.

First-In-Human Study on Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Single and Multiple Escalating Doses of Hepenofovir, a Novel Hepatic Targeting Prodrug of Tenofovir in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Objective: Hepenofovir, a novel hepatic targeting prodrug of tenofovir, has been developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This is a first-in-human study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of single and multiple escalating doses of hepenofovir in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods: This phase Ia study included two parts: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled single-ascending-dose (SAD) (25–200 mg) study under fasted conditions comprising a food-effect investigation (200 mg) and a multiple-ascending-dose (MAD) (25 mg) study under fasted conditions. Results: Hepenofovir was well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. There was no significant difference in adverse reaction rates between hepenofovir and placebo groups. Hepenofovir was rapidly absorbed and metabolized into tenofovir after dosing. In healthy participants, the median Tmax of hepenofovir and tenofovir was 0.33–0.50 h and 0.62–0.75 h, respectively, and their mean half-life was 2.5–12.3 h and 49.7–53.8 h, respectively. Systemic exposure to tenofovir increased in proportion to the dose. The mean accumulation indexes of hepenofovir and tenofovir were 1.1 vs. 1.8. Moreover, food could reduce the Cmax of both hepenofovir and tenofovir, but did not affect their area under the curve (AUC). Conclusions: Hepenofovir has shown a favorable safety and PK profile, which support the further evaluation of its safety and efficacy in CHB patients. Clinical trial registration number: The trial is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial website (http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html # CTR20191953).

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of surgical site infection prevention among operating room nurses in southwest China.

Surgical site infection has become a problem in the operating room, and the nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice could impact the incidence of the infection. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of studies on this issue in China. Therefore, determining nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice of surgical site infection prevention is necessary. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of surgical site infection prevention and their relationships, as well as to identify differences in knowledge, attitude, and practice of surgical site infection prevention according to nurses' demographic characteristics. A sample of 999 operating room nurses participated in 49 tertiary hospitals and 75 secondary hospitals in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Data were collected using validated questionnaires through a Chinese survey website. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, One-Way Analysis of Variance, and Pearson product-moment correlation. The knowledge of surgical site infection prevention was at a low level, the attitude was positive, and the practice was at a high level. Approximately 39% of the nurses passed knowledge scores of ≥ 70%, 60% gave a positive attitude score of ≥ 80%, and 76% achieved a practice score of ≥ 80%. The nurses' attitude was positively related to knowledge (p < .01), and practice (p < .01), respectively. However, knowledge and practice did not significantly relate. The age group of 30-39 years old had significant higher knowledge than other age groups. The nurses with working experience of 6-15 years had significant higher knowledge scores than other groups. In addition, the nurses with one time of training frequency had significant lower attitude and practice scores than those with six to ten times of training frequency. Approximately 60% of operating room nurses still had inadequate knowledge regarding surgical site infection prevention, but they had a positive attitude and high level of practice. The findings of this study might serve as an input for nurse administrators or policymakers to provide updated knowledge or guideline, closed supervision, and in-service training on surgical site infection prevention for operating room nurses.

Exploring the Effect of Spreading Fake News Debunking Based on Social Relationship Networks

Fake news spreads rapidly on social networks; the aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of the social relationship networks (SRNs) of refuters and non-refuters to provide a scientific basis for developing effective strategies for debunking fake news. First, based on six types of fake news published on Sina Weibo (a Chinese microblogging website) during 2015–2019 in China, a deep learning method was used to build text classifiers for identifying debunked posts (DPs) and non-debunked posts (NDPs). Refuters and non-refuters were filtered out, and their follower–followee relationships on social media were obtained. Second, the differences between DPs and NDPs were compared in terms of the volume and growth rate of the posts across various types of fake news. The SRNs of refuters and non-refuters and the k-core decompositions of these SRNs were constructed, and the differences in the growth rates between DPs and NDPs were explored. Business-related fake news was revealed to be debunked better; society-related fake news, the most widely spread in China, was debunked poorly; and science- and politics-related fake news was debunked the worst. Additionally, more celebrity accounts, larger node sizes with follower-followee relationships in the SRNs, and more weakly connected components were found to lead to a faster growth rate in the dissemination of posts, regardless of whether the posts were DPs or NDPs. This study can help practitioners develop more effective strategies for debunking fake news on social media in China.

The regulatory effect of herd structure on pig production under the environmental regulation.

Integrating pig production stability and pollution control is a matter of social livelihood and green development. This paper estimates the policy effectiveness of environmental regulation based on the big data of Chinese government websites and combines the pig production data of various provinces in China from 2008 to 2018 to construct a mediating effect model, empirically analyzing the relationship between environmental regulations, herd structure, and pig production. Research shows: (1) Improving environmental regulations in the short term will increase the slaughter of pigs, but in the long run it will decrease first and then increase; (2) At this stage, environmental regulations can increase the slaughter of pigs by changing the herd structure; (3) Reasonable adjustment of the herd structure can effectively increase the slaughter of pigs; (4) The herd structure can be used as a supplementary monitoring indicator to stabilize the supply of pigs. Combine it with the change rate of sow stock to provide early warning of fluctuations in pig production, and the early warning herd structure values are 0.0980 and 0.1135. There are two key initiatives to achieve supply and price stability in the pig industry that taking into account environmental protection: first, an industrial regulation instrument based on the herd structure needs to be established; second, an early warning system for pig production fluctuations should be established with reference to the early warning system for pork price fluctuations.

A randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-cycle crossover study to evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of lenvatinib and Lenvima® in Chinese healthy subjects

ABSTRACT Background Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that inhibits vascular and endothelial growth factor receptor kinase activity. This study evaluated the bioequivalence and safety of lenvatinib with Lenvima® . Research design and methods The fasting and postprandial groups were two independent trials. Subjects were randomly divided into two sequences at a ratio of 1:1 for two-cycle crossover administration. Subjects took 10 mg lenvatinib or Lenvima® once per cycle. The wash-out period was 14 days. Detected the plasma drug concentrations and assessed the bioequivalence of two drugs. Besides, we evaluated the safety of the drugs throughout the trial. Results In the fasting state, the GMRs of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were 99.89%, 102.98% and 103.19%, respectively. The 90% CIs were all within 80%-125%. In the postprandial state, the GMRs of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were 98.96%, 94.25% and 95.27%, respectively. The 90% CIs were all within 80%-125%. All results met the bioequivalence criteria. Both drugs had good safety and tolerance in this trial. Conclusion This study showed that lenvatinib and Lenvima® had similar bioequivalence and safety in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and postprandial conditions. Clinical trial registration This trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial website (http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html # CTR20191172)

Investigation and Analysis on the International Communication Capability of Xinhuanet Russian Version (in Chin.)

Xinhuanet is a portal of Xinhua News Agency, which is also the most globally influential Chinese website in China. Its Russian version publishes information about China, especially today's China to Russian speakers around the world, provides a window and bridge function in transmitting China's voice, promoting mutual understanding and people-to-people ties. Investigation and analysis of ИА Синьхуа in the Russian-speaking world propagation status, can understand its capabilities and validity of international communication, and also provide reference and experience for relevant media. The key to realizing the capability of news communication is to integrate propagation breadth and validity properly. This survey, is divided into two levels of propagation quantity surveys and propagation values, with data information based on Factiva-Global News Monitoring &amp; Search Engine | DOW Jones, the world's largest digital news database. Starting with six representative keywords about China, this survey investigated the release of relevant content on ИА Синьхуа in the last ten years. The results of the survey showed that, the average display rate in the ИА Синьхуа headlines is 20% of the whole network, which has enhanced the display degree of China on the Internet and achieved the effective coverage of information in a certain extent. Through the comparison and linear regression analysis of the word cloud of high-frequency words with relevant thematic texts in foreign media, it is proved that the frequency of high frequency words in ИА Синьхуа has a significant positive impact on the related values of foreign websites, and the dissemination of which is actively effective. The survey also reflects that there is a problem and deficiency in ИА Синьхуа in terms of international communication, which are mainly reflected in the lack of total volume and continuity of headline dissemination and the difference in focus with foreign media. As an important window for the CIS countries to understand China, ИА Синьхуа needs to further improve the total text volume, especially pay attention to the head- lines design of the text, to make it more in line with the online audience's reading habits. At the same time, in order to continuously improve the external communication power and influence from many aspects such as scale and effect, and continue to provide high-quality information about China for the Russian-speaking world, it is necessary to take into account the information needs and receptive psychology of the audience.

Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured with SD-OCT in a population-based study: the Handan Eye Study

PurposeTo examine the normative profile of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and ocular parameters based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and its associations with related parameters among the...

The diagnostic value of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy combined with rapid on-site evaluation in diffuse lung diseases: a prospective and self-controlled study

BackgroundThe etiology of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is varied. Early diagnosis and a specific pathological type could significantly improve the prognosis. Mostly, it is difficult to make the etiology diagnosis of ILD through traditional biopsy methods. It will be of great significance to explore an effective biopsy method.MethodsThe prospective study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBCB) combined with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), compared with conventional transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), in a large sample of ILD patients. All patients enrolled will undergo both TBLB and TBCB procedures. The study will observe the differences in the diagnostic efficiency of pathological typing and incidence of operation-related complications between TBCB and TBLB. Besides, it will analyze the relationship between the time of biopsy and the incidence of complications, the relationship between freezing time, size of specimen, and complications. And it will evaluate the consistency of pathological, clinical, and radiology.DiscussionIt may be the first time that ROSE technique will be used in the diagnosis of ILD. The results of this study will clarify the value of TBCB in the diagnosis of ILD and confirm its safety and effectiveness, which is expected to significantly improve the efficiency of diagnosis in ILD patients.Trail registration: The trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=57834) (Registration number: ChiCTR2000035492).

OWGC-HMC: An Online Web Genre Classification Model Based on Hierarchical Multilabel Classification

Web genre plays an important role in focused crawling, web link analysis, and contextual advertising. In this paper, web genre is defined as the functional purpose and the information type contained in the website. The intelligent classification of web genre can predict the content and functional type of website. However, there are several critical challenges to solve the web genre classification problem: lack of web genre classification dataset and efficient web genre classification mechanism. To improve web genre classification performance, we crawled Chinese websites of different web genres and converted crawled data into a hierarchical multilabel classification dataset. A website knowledge graph is constructed based on the relationship of website and meta tag features. Using entity features extracted from the knowledge graph, we propose an online web genre classification model based on hierarchical multilabel classification (OWGC-HMC) to mine the functional purpose of the corresponding website. Experimental results show that our OWGC-HMC model can mine hierarchical multilabel structure of web genre and outperform other web genre classification methods.

Study on the mechanism of public attention to a major event: The outbreak of COVID-19 in China.

This study focuses on public attention to major events, which has become an important topic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the background of the global transmission of COVID-19, this study discusses the relationship between information shock and sustainable development, which is rarely mentioned before. By developing an appropriate theoretical model, we discuss how the level of public attention changes over time and with the severity of events. Then we use data on the daily clicks on a popular Chinese medical website to indicate public attention to the pandemic. Our analysis shows that, in the first half of 2020, the level of public attention is closely related to the scale of domestic transmission. The marginal effect of the domestic cases in the first wave is 1% to 0.217%. After the pandemic was largely under control in China, people still followed the latest news, but the scale of public attention to regional transmission diminished. And when the pandemic quickly and severely worsened in other countries, people in China were very attentive, that is, public attention increased. The time interval of social reaction we calculate is fairly stable, with a value of between 0 and 5 most of the time. The average time interval from January 2020 to May 2021 ranges from 1.76 days to 1.94 days, depending on the choice of models and parameters. This study suggests that raising public participation in dealing with the crisis over the long term would be enhanced in China by media encouragement to pay more attention to small-scale regional transmission and the course of the pandemic in other countries. The goal of sustainable development requires dealing with health and economic crises much better in the long term. Thus, the model and method used in the paper serve to enhance general interest.

Content analysis of breast milk substitutes marketing on Chinese e‐commerce platforms

China has the largest and fastest‐growing breast milk substitutes (BMSs) market and a disproportionately low exclusive breastfeeding rate. Many BMS manufacturers have established Chinese e‐commerce stores. This marketing is of concern as it is likely to undermine breastfeeding. This study aimed to identify: (1) the marketing themes and strategies used to promote BMSs on the Chinese BMSs e‐commerce websites; (2) if and how digital BMSs marketing may deviate from the World Health Organization Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes (the Code) recommendations. Content analysis was conducted on the flagship websites of 10 BMSs companies on the Chinese e‐commerce platform “TMall” in July 2019. The main landing page (n = 10) of the flagship TMall website and the product description page (n = 113) of all individual formulas (Stages 1–3) within each company's TMall website were examined. The content was analysed and coded using an iterative thematic analysis approach. Emphasis on Premiumization and Science & Nutrition was the most commonly used marketing approaches. A total of 27.4% of the product description pages sampled used images of infants (<12 months), 33.6% made favourable comparisons of BMSs to breast milk, and only 34.5% included probreastfeeding statements. Marketing strategies were often inconsistent with the Code, and companies used “creative” ways to target mothers, often circumventing the Code recommendations. Unsubstantiated information was commonplace and of concern, because the e‐commerce platform provided easy opportunities for bulk purchases. National regulatory actions are urgently needed to monitor online BMS marketing and the undermining of breastfeeding in China.