Chinese Sector Research Articles

The new approach to developing store brand strategy: a case from China

The significant growth of store brands in grocery retailing has encouraged extensive studies of Western grocery markets, while similar studies of emerging markets like Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe are limited. This qualitative study investigates how a store brand strategy may lead to store loyalty in Chinese grocery sector. The theoretical foundation of the study is derived from various concepts of competitive advantage, including the classic differentiation concept, Hunt's resource-advantage theory and Aaker's brand relevance model. The findings reveal that a new approach that combines brand relevance, differentiation and resource advantage can develop qualitatively differentiated Chinese store brands. The study concludes that the store brands built through such a strategic approach drastically enhance store loyalty in China's retail grocery market. This study provides guidance for Chinese and international retailers who are engaging in Chinese store brand development. The limitations of the study are also presented, together with suggestions for future research.

Dynamic Conditional Correlations between Chinese Sector Returns and the S&P500 Index: An Interpretation Based on Investment Shocks

Dynamic Conditional Correlations between Chinese Sector Returns and the S&P500 Index: An Interpretation Based on Investment Shocks

The Effect of the Lehman Brothers’ Bankruptcy on the Performance of Chinese Sectors

We investigate the effect of the news announcement of the Lehman Brothers’ (LBs) bankruptcy on the performance of Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) sectors. Unlike the assumption in the literature that firms are homogenous, we address the unknown issue: Does LBs’ bankruptcy have a heterogeneous effect on stock returns of sectors listed on SSE? We find statistically insignificant effect of LBs’ bankruptcy on the performance of energy and financial sectors while most of the other sectors suffered significantly. Thus, our results highlight the heterogeneous effect of LBs’ bankruptcy on different sectors and at different time intervals surrounding the event.

Anomalous changes in ionospheric TEC during an earthquake event of 13–14 April 2010 in the Chinese sector

The earth’s ionosphere is considered susceptible to the seismic effects and the detection of such ionospheric perturbations associated with the earthquake has become a challenge for the short-term prediction of earthquakes. In this paper, an investigation of the changes in the ionospheric behavior is reported which may be associated with M 6.9 and its aftershock of 6.1 magnitude earthquakes at Qinghai station (geog. 33.19°N, 96.75°E, geom. 23.90°N, 169.98°E) which occurred on 13 April (∼23:49 UT, 06:19 LT on 14 Apr) and 14 April 2010 (∼01:25 UT, 06:55 LT) respectively. The observations are made using ionospheric total electron content (TEC) obtained from 10 available IGS stations in the Chinese and 2 in the Indian sector to detect seismo-ionospheric anomalies if they exists. We found anomalous depletions in the ionospheric regions ∼3–4days (on 10 April 2010) up to ∼4 TECU before the earthquake over stations close to the epicenter (<1700km). The anomalous changes in the ionosphere are observed firstly over a distant station (wuhn, ∼0800–1600 UT) during afternoon to midnight hours and few hours later over the near-by stations to the epicentre in the nighttime (∼1500–2300 UT, ∼2100–0500 LT). Our results from the case study suggest that these anomalies in ionospheric TEC may be the possible seismo-ionospheric signatures for the considered earthquake in the Tibetian plateau region.

A case study of ionospheric storm effects in the Chinese sector during the October 2013 geomagnetic storm

In this study, we investigate the ionospheric storm effects in the Chinese sector during 2 October 2013 geomagnetic storm. The TEC map over China sector (1°×1°) and eight ionosondes data along the longitude of 110°E are used to show significant positive ionospheric phases (enhancements in TEC and ionospheric peak electron density NmF2) in the high-middle latitude region and the negative effects at the low latitude and equatorial region during the storm. A wave structure with periods about 1–2h and horizontal speed about 680m/s, propagating from the high latitudes to the low latitudes is observed in electron densities within the height region from 200 to 400km, which is caused by the combined effects of neutral wind and the large-scale traveling disturbances (LSTIDs). In the low latitude regions, compared with those in the quiet day, the ionospheric peak heights of the F2 layer (hmF2) in the storm day obviously increase accompanying a notably decrease in TEC and NmF2, which might be as a result of the eastward prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) evidenced by the two magnetometers and the subsequent westward disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEF). The storm-time TEC enhancement mainly occurs in the topside ionosphere, as revealed from the topside TEC, bottomside TEC and GPS TEC.

Toward a More Equal Admission? Access in the Mass Higher Education Era

The Chinese higher education sector has experienced unprecedented growth since the end of the 1990s. The number of students has increased from less than around 4 million in 1999 to more than 32 mil...

Legal Risk Impact in Public Private Partnerships (PPPs): The Case of the Chinese Water Sector

China is currently experiencing a rising demand for water, combined with limited funding availability for water project procurement. Consequently, local Chinese governments have sought procurement solutions by experimenting with public private partnerships (PPPs). However, the legal risk in PPPs, particularly in the water sector, remains high. Legal risk refers to risk arising from the legal and regulatory systems surrounding PPPs. Past research have identified legal risk in PPP projects in China as critical, however the stages at which they are significant have not been studied. This paper examines the legal risk associated with PPPs in the water sector in China and measures the degree of risk across three key stages; 1) Procurement, 2) Construction and 3) Operation. The interrelationship between legal risk at these three stages is also investigated. The significance of the risk was measured by determining the probability and severity of the risk. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between legal risks across the three stages. Our findings are that legal risk is present at all three stages, at close to moderate levels, with risk significance greatest at the operational stage. Moreover, while no correlation was identified for legal risk at the operational stage with those of earlier stages, it was found that legal issues arising during the procurement stage significantly exacerbated any further legal issues that emerged during the construction stage of water projects. The findings from this study will be significant in providing practitioners with the information to manage this risk at different stages of PPP projects.

When Competition Law Meets Telecom Regulation: The Chinese Context

The liberalized telecom sector is intertwined with market force, sector-specific regulation and competition rules. While the conflict between market force and sector-specific regulation has been well studied, the conflict between sector-specific regulation and competition rules has attracted less attention in particular in China. The recent Chinese Telecom/China Unicom case, though not a successful antitrust intervention, suggests that the conflict between the two instruments has become tangible. This leads to a question whether it is better to let the two compete or complement. After carrying out a comparative study on the dramatically opposite practices of the EU and the US, this article chooses the US means and nevertheless follows the EU ends. Based on an evaluation whether antitrust intervention can bring added value to effective competition in the Chinese telecom sector, it proposes to establish the supremacy of competition rules and to allow competition rules to intervene into regulated matters.

Conditional Correlations and Investment Shocks: Evidence from the Chinese Sectors

Conditional Correlations and Investment Shocks: Evidence from the Chinese Sectors

Conditional Correlations and Investment Shocks: Evidence from the Chinese Sectors

Conditional Correlations and Investment Shocks: Evidence from the Chinese Sectors

Stakeholder management of new service development: an exploratory case study in Chinese financial sector

With the increasing penetration of modern financial service into people's life, more attention is paid to issues regarding stakeholder management during new service development in the financial sector. Based on existing studies on stages of new service development, classification of stakeholders and stakeholder management, we put forward a dynamic management mode with a holistic perspective. Through comparison of two exploratory cases of a bank and an insurance company, a preliminary model of stakeholder management during new service development is established. We conclude that firm-stakeholder relationships are complex; it is no easy task for a service provider, even just within the new service developing cycle, to pay continuous and intensive attention to all stakeholders. Therefore, the stakeholder management mode exhibits cyclical fluctuations. We extend the existing dynamic model of stakeholder management and offer future research clues under scenarios of incremental and cooperative innovation during new financial service development.

English

What are the extent, nature, and state of nonprofit education in Chinese universities? We address this question with the aim of providing the first overview and assessment of the university-based education programs in nonprofit management and philanthropic studies in China. Based on a 2012 survey among nonprofit faculty in the top 100 Chinese universities in humanities and social sciences, we found nonprofit courses were offered at about two thirds of top Chinese universities, the curriculum was practice oriented with a heavy emphasis on nonprofit management, and more than 80% of the nonprofit education programs were placed in the professional school of public administration or public policy. Our findings indicate that nonprofit education in China is clearly intended to nurture professionals for the Chinese nonprofit sector, but its coverage, course design, and related research quality still have significant limitations. We further discuss the symptoms and implications of the limitations in China's nonprofit education and attribute some of the limitations to the strict regulation the Chinese government has imposed on the nonprofit sector.

Dynamic Conditional Correlations between Chinese Sector Returns and the S&amp;P500 Index: An Interpretation Based on Investment Shocks

Dynamic Conditional Correlations between Chinese Sector Returns and the S&amp;P500 Index: An Interpretation Based on Investment Shocks

Research on the Impact of RMB Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Chinese Stock Market——From the Perspective of Index

In order to study the relationship between RMB exchange rate and Chinese stock markets, this article makes the theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, which is based on Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test. The data include 11 Chinese industry sectors. The results show that the relation between RMB exchange rate and the logarithm of three Chinese sector indexes, containing textiles, pharmaceutical business and general machinery, exists long-term cointegration relationship, and the change of RMB exchange rate is the Granger cause of these Chinese sector indexes; however, RMB exchange rate has no significant cointegration relationship with eight Chinese sector indexes, containing paper, real estate, financial services, air transport, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals refining, petrochemical and trade. Finally, this article makes an analysis on the empirical results and presents some policy suggestions.

Industrial Regulation in Chinese New Energy Sector: Problems and Prospect

The investment and industrialization of China’s new energy sector has grown up with a considerable scope and an increasing momentum. However, its backwardness in core technology, market disorder, inconvenience of investment channels and squeezing export market space has been hindering the process at meantime. This paper, by reviewing the new development trend of new energy and policy initiations from various governments, analyzes the defects existing in Chinese industrial regulation against the new energy industry. The results reveals that systematic legislation, executive regulation and implementation scheme are not well manageable in terms of regulations on market access, pricing, trade contacting and underpinning R&amp;D activities. This study suggests an industrial regulation scheme for China’s new energy industry in direction of renewing the energy consumption notion, establishing the energy system plan for next generation, widening the scope of governmental regulation, withdrawing the barriers among sectors and regions, building investment fund for new energy, supporting R&amp;D and its commercialization as well as participating international coordination aiming at a favorable international trading order for new energy products.

Successes and Failures of Corporate Social Responsibility Mechanisms in Chinese Extractive Industries

China's insatiable appetite for natural resources and energy to fuel its national growth is having an increasing impact on the domestic and global environment. Globally, China has turned to resource-rich regions in Africa and South America, at times engaging so-called “rogue states” to secure the resources it requires. Now is a critical juncture at which to encourage socially responsible behaviours in the Chinese extractive sectors, such as adopting the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). This analysis discusses the current corporate social responsibility (CSR) mechanisms in extractive industries and assesses the feasibility of socialising China towards adopting CSR global norms in the extractive industries. This article has three sections. The first discusses China's environmental governance trajectory and ecological footprint in the domestic and global extractive industry. The second section discusses the factors contributing to the success and failure of various CSR mechanisms, with a specific focus on the EITI, and the final section expounds on the emerging challenges and issues and concludes with policy recommendations.

Capabilities and Opportunities for R&amp;D Collaborations between China and Austria in the Green Tech Sector

The objective of this study is to identify cooperation potentials between the Chinese and the Austrian Green Tech sector, focusing on R&D activities of both countries. The notion of ‘Green Tech’ in this study is defined to include all environment-related technological fields as outlined by the OECD (2011a). We use patents to measure R&D specialisation advantages at a detailed technological level, using the OECD (2011a) classification scheme on environment-related technological fields based on the International Patent Classification (IPC). Revealed Technological Advantage (RTA) indices are calculated to measure specialisation advantages in specific technologies, indicating potential collaboration fields. Furthermore, such fields are identified from a network perspective by characterising the embedding of Austria and China in the international Green Tech R&D network. The international R&D network is measured in terms of common co-patent applications. Using network visualisation techniques, the network position of China and Austria in certain fields is to be illustrated. The empirical findings show that the R&D activity in the Chinese Green Tech sector is mainly characterised by high growth rates whereas the Austrian Green Tech sector reveals specialisation advantages in various environmental technology fields. Four technology fields Energy Generation from renewable and non-fossil sources, Energy efficiency in building and lightning, Emissions abatement and fuel efficiency in transportation and General Environmental Management reveal particular cooperation potentials, characterised by positive growth rates in China and corresponding high RTA values in Austria. An extension of our investigation to selected subclasses identified the subclasses Energy storage and Wind energy, as technology fields with greatest cooperation potentials.

Enterprise Localization Practices and Their Implication for Knowledge Management in Foreign Participation in the Chinese Construction Sector

AbstractForeign firms active in the Chinese construction industry find themselves in a competitive environment unlike the environments in which they operate back home. Adaptations are therefore required in order that firms retain competitive leverage while integrating into the circumstances of the Chinese market. Since these firms primarily compete on superior knowledge capabilities it is instructive to understand how adaptations both serve to transfer propriety capabilities to China while adapting to the knowledge characteristics of the Chinese market into which those capabilities are transplanted. Five localizing parameters across which adaptations take place are identified in this paper and rates of localization are tabulated for 60 foreign firms active in the Chinese construction industry. Revealed localizing behaviors are then analyzed in the light of existing literature for explanatory power. It is concluded that in order to be strategically competitive firms must not only retain knowledge different...

Interferometry observations of low-latitude E-region irregularity patches using the Sanya VHF radar

Interferometry plays an important role in revealing fine-scale structures of ionospheric irregularity. By placing an additional receiving array of four 5-element Yagi antennas in the north of the main East-West array of the Sanya VHF radar, multiple interferometry baselines with components parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic meridian are formed. These baselines allow us to study the three-dimensional (3D) behavior of low-latitude ionospheric field-aligned irregularity (FAI) over Sanya. Using multiple non-collinear receiving baselines, an experiment for which the Sanya VHF radar operated as an interferometer was performed on 10 July 2013. Ionospheric E-region FAI echoes with periods of several minutes were observed during 0745-0915 UT; mean Doppler velocity was around −30 m/s with spectral widths of about 50 m/s. The interferometry results show fine-scale structures of E-region FAI with a zonal scale size of 15 km or less. In addition, we found that the periodic variations of echo intensity shown in radar range-time-intensity (RTI) maps were produced by spatially separated E-region irregularity patches. The patches drifted westward with a velocity of about 40–60 m/s and could be associated with propagating gravity waves. These results provide a clearer picture of the characteristics of FAI and thus help to investigate the generation and dynamics of low-latitude ionospheric irregularities in the Chinese sector.

A Study on the Korea-China FTA Service Negotiation Strategies: Focused on the Implications from China-Hong Kong Cepa Service Concessions

This study analyzes China’s service concessions under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), as well as the service concessions included in the FTAs that China has signed so far, including the CEPA with Hong Kong. The objective is to determine the extent to which the Chinese service sector is opened and to derive implications for the Korea-China FTA negotiations over services. 1. China-Hong Kong CEPA and Korea-China FTA2. Negotiation Process and Features of the China-Hong Kong CEPAA. Annual Supplementary AgreementsB. Guangdong as the Pilot Basis for the CEPAC. Comparing the CEPA to the ECFA3. China’s Service Concessions in the CEPA4. Implications of the CEPA for the Korea-China FTA A. Examples of Designing Service con-cessions from China-Hong Kong CEPAB. Strategic Suggestions for the Korea-China FTA Service NegotiationC. Possible Service Sectors to be Opened in the Korea-China FTA