Chinese Scholars Research Articles

The Changing Dynamics of China's Threat Perception toward India: A Shift from Asymmetry to Symmetry?

executive summary: This article studies Chinese literature on China's threat perception of India and argues that the threat perception between the two rising powers is growing more symmetric in the current dynamics of international politics. main argument The India-China relationship has major implications for how world politics are shaped, yet how China perceives a sense of threat from India is an understudied phenomenon. Whereas most literature on this relationship has observed an asymmetric threat perception between the two states, with India identifying a greater threat from China than the other way around, the dynamics of international politics are causing China to become more cautious about its security and take notice of a greater threat coming from India. As a result, the level of threat perception is becoming more balanced. This shift in perception will have major implications for the overall dynamics of bilateral relations and make the relationship more confrontational and conflictual. policy implications • India's fast-growing economy, demographic dividend, geographic position, and growing strategic partnerships have made it a more confident and assertive foreign policy actor. Chinese scholars have taken note of these changes. • India's assertive border policy and partnership with the U.S. pose a growing challenge to China's power. This will make Beijing wary about actions that it previously overlooked due the asymmetry in the relationship. At the same time, because for India any Chinese action is presumed as threatening, China's growing wariness will further enhance India's threat perception. This emerging dynamic could instigate a spiral of competition. • Confrontation in Sino-Indian relations will further strengthen U.S.-Indian relations and move India closer to the U.S. camp. • With both India and China being rising powers, their relationship will have major geopolitical implications for how the Asian century will play out.

Mapping the Landscape of Obesity Effects on Male Reproductive Function: A Bibliometric Study.

Due to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, the global population with obesity is increasing gradually, resulting in a significant rise in the number of individuals having obesity. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and consumption, leading to excessive fat accumulation, which interferes with normal human metabolism. It is also associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, male reproductive endocrine regulation disorders, systemic and local inflammatory reactions, excessive oxidative stress, and apoptosis. All these factors can damage the internal environment for sperm generation and maturation, resulting in male sexual dysfunction, a decline in sperm quality, and lower fertility. This study analyzes the trends and priorities of the effects of obesity on male reproductive disorders from a bibliometric perspective. This study uses the Web of Science as the statistical source, covering all time spans. Tools like Web of Science, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace are used to analyze countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords in the field. Total publications, total citations, and average number of citations are selected for statistics. The results show that the research on the impact of obesity on male reproductive function can be roughly divided into three stages: the initial stage, the slow development stage, and the rapid development stage. Our statistical scope includes 463 highly relevant articles that we have screened. We found that the journal with the most publications in this field is Andrologia, and the institution with the highest total citations is the University of Utah. The most influential countries, institutions, and authors in this field are the United States, the University of Utah, and Carrell, Douglas. Currently, research related to the impact of obesity on male reproduction focuses mainly on three aspects: biochemistry, molecular biology, and reproductive biology. The keyword explosion results indicate that sperm, obesity, and male reproduction are at the forefront and trends of future research in this field. There has been a shift from basic biochemical and molecular research to research on molecular mechanisms relying on omics technologies. However, we have observed that the number of papers published in 2022 is lower than in 2021, indicating a growth interruption during this period. Considering that this deviation may be due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it may hinder the progress of certain experiments in 2022. In recent years, China has rapidly developed research in this field. However, the average citation rate is relatively low, indicating the need for Chinese scholars to improve the quality of their articles further. Based on our research and in the context of global obesity, men are at risk of increased infertility. Addressing this issue relies on our continued research into the mechanisms of obesity-related male reproductive disorders. Over the past forty-three years, with the contributions of scientists worldwide, research in this field has flourished. The impact of obesity on male reproductive disorders has been extensively studied. Currently, research in this field primarily focuses on male sperm function, sperm quality, and the effects or mechanisms of cells on male reproduction. Future trends in this field should concentrate on the relationship between male fertility and energy metabolism, as well as the endocrine function of adipose tissue. This study comprehensively analyzes the current research status and global trends in obesity and male reproductive disorders. We also discuss the future developments in this field, making it easier for researchers to understand its developmental history, current status, and trends, providing valuable reference for effective exploration in this area.

Understanding Why WeChat Articles Mention Chinese Scholarly Papers: A Content Analysis Approach

ABSTRACTThe academic community may make research findings public by mentioning Chinese scholarly papers on WeChat. However, why and how Chinese research papers were cited in WeChat articles remains unknown. This work conducted a content analysis of the motivations, emotions, forms, and elements of WeChat mentions. Data was collected from CNKI and WeChat official accounts, resulting in a dataset of 7,970 core journal papers with 21,134 WeChat mentions. Key findings include that: (1) Most of the mentions in the WeChat articles present Chinese academic publications for sharing and introduction. These mentions account for about 64%. (2) Mention sentiments are mainly neutral (around 64%). Negative emotions are almost absent. (3) In the mention forms, most WeChat articles mentioning scholarly papers do not include reference lists. They mention the papers directly in the body of the WeChat articles with recognizable elements of academic papers. (4) Concerning the mentioned elements, academic papers consist of essential content parts. They include titles (78%), abstracts (12%), and full texts (9%), and that gets the most WeChat mentions. This would give a better base and reference for advancing altmetrics in China. And it would be helpful to know the cause and how the academic papers spread on Chinese social media.

A Systematic Review of Effective Models in School-Enterprise Cooperation in China in the English and Chinese Literature

Against the backdrop of globalization and rapid technological development, the traditional Technical & Vocational Education (TVE) system is facing more and more challenges. As a rapidly developing economy, China is also exploring effective paths in combining education and industry. School-Enterprise Cooperation(S-EC), as an emerging education method, aims to realize the effective docking of education resources and market demand through close cooperation between schools and enterprises. At present, Chinese scholars have conducted extensive research on the model of S-EC, however, few systematic reviews of related studies were carried out. The purpose of this paper is to examine and assess the relevant literature concerning effective S-EC models in the last ten years from 2015 to 2024. The review includes sources in both Chinese and English languages. The author conducted individual assessments of titles, abstracts, and complete texts according to predefined eligibility criteria. 15 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in the reviewed systematic review. Effective S-EC models mentioned in these articles can be summarized and classified into three types: School-led Model, Enterprise-led Model and School-Enterprise Cooperation Model, of which each is subordinate to 3-4 specific cooperation models.

THE EXPERIENCE OF AGGLOMERATION DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA AND KAZAKHSTAN

This article examines the experience of agglomeration development in China and Kazakhstan. It reviews the history of formation and approaches to defining the concept of urban agglomeration, including the definition of urban agglomeration by Chinese scholars. Forecasts are presented for metropolitan areas around the world and in China. In the practice of agglomeration development in China today, five urbanization belts and nineteen major urban agglomerations are outlined. The transfer of "non-capital functions" from the Chinese capital to Hebei Province is transforming Xiong'an into a center of innovation. The set of special measures used by the Chinese authorities to stimulate the development of megalopolises and agglomerations is considered. Characteristics of the functioning of China's urban agglomerations are presented, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The experience of agglomeration development in Kazakhstan at the legislative level is studied, and attention is paid to the introduction of a new model of agglomeration management in the country, which gives regional administrations basic, additional powers and responsibilities for agglomeration development. The imbalances around the major cities and the main factors contributing to these imbalances are considered. The need for the formation and development of agglomerations as points of economic growth of the country and their effective positioning according to the level and specialization of their development is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the development of agglomeration processes in Kazakhstan, the advantages and disadvantages of urban agglomerations are presented. Suggestions are made on the directions of their further development.

A Study on Mainland Chinese Scholars' Perceptions of the “One Country, Two Systems” Taiwan Model

A Study on Mainland Chinese Scholars' Perceptions of the “One Country, Two Systems” Taiwan Model

Academic Exchanges between Western Scientists, Chinese Scholars and the World Association For Political Economy

Academic Exchanges between Western Scientists, Chinese Scholars and the World Association For Political Economy

Effects of research funding on the academic impact and societal visibility of scientific research

Assessing the effectiveness of research funding is of significant value to policymakers. Previous studies have mainly concentrated on the academic impact of funded research, yet the exploration of how research funding affects the societal visibility of research has been significantly lacking. Thus, this study addresses this gap by examining papers published by Chinese scholars and compares the effects of funding on papers’ societal visibility (measured by Altmetric Attention Scores) with those for papers' academic impact (measured by citation counts). This study reveals several interesting findings: First, research supported by funding demonstrates a lower societal visibility, albeit a higher academic impact, compared to those without funding. Second, the societal visibility of research supported by small to moderate number of funding sources is still lower than those without research funding. In contrast, a paper's academic impact is higher if it has a higher number of research funding sources. Third, the effects of funding on papers’ academic impact and societal visibility differ by funding mechanisms—having industry funding significantly increases the societal visibility of research. These findings can aid research policymakers’ funding allocation decisions and inform better assessment of research outcomes.

The Current Situation of Educational Equity Between Urban and Rural Areas in China: An Analysis of Literature Review

Since the fifth plenary session of Chinas 19th Five-Year Plan introduced the objective of "promoting educational equity and driving the balanced development in compulsory education, as well as urban-rural integration", the unequal development of compulsory education between urban and rural areas has been widely discussed by Chinese scholars as a crucial topic of educational equity. This study found through a literature review that the rate of urbanization among students during their compulsory education years surpasses that of the general population, which is related to the uneven distribution of educational resources between city and countryside, namely the phenomenon of "underdeveloped rural regions and overcrowded urban regions". Numerous scholars have analyzed the influencing factors of this disparity and proposed relevant policies and solutions, broadening public awareness about issues related to fairness in rural-urban compulsory education and promoting research work in this field. However, there are still unsolved difficulties in optimizing the urban-rural educational pattern and achieving educational equity, which are problems that China needs to address in its economic-social development processes and educational reform.

Utility of the morphological scoring of costal cartilage ossification in age estimation of adult Egyptians using multidetector computed tomography

Abstract Age estimation of adults is a challenging procedure in forensic practice. Inspired by the previous work by Chinese scholars, we established population specific age estimation models from the osseous and calcified projections (OCP) of costal cartilages, using three-dimensional volume-rendering technique. A total of 168 clinical CT scans (2 mm slice thickness) were used to develop the sex-specific age prediction models from a sample of Egyptians, comprising 70 females and 98 males, with documented ages between 12 and 85 years. The sample was also used for validating the Chinese model. We reported the differences between the predictive accuracy of the Egyptian (population specific) and Chinese (non population specific) models. The most accurate age estimation model was stepwise linear regression with standard error of estimates (SEE) of 10.9 and 11.8 years in males and females, respectively. For the simple linear regression models, the most accurate formula included OCP of the right second costal cartilage in males and OCP of the left third costal cartilage in females with SEE of 11.2 and 12.2 years, respectively and mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.8 and 9.6 years, respectively. By comparison, the best accuracy rates produced by the Chinese vs. the Egyptian models in males and females within 5 years were 30.61% and 32.86% vs. 35.71% and 32.86%, respectively, whereas within 10 years, the accuracy rates increased up to 57.14% and 58.57% vs. 72.45% and 64.29%, respectively. Although the accuracy rates from the Chinese models were lower than those obtained from the Egyptian models, the MAE and least error values were comparable in both sexes. Notable accurate age estimation rates in the advanced age group ≥40 years were reached being 81.25% to 97.92% in males and 69.77% to 93.02% in females. OCP of the right first costal cartilage was the most accurate in cross-population application for males and females with MAE values of 10.7 and 11.03 years, respectively with balanced accuracy rates of age estimation using the 10-year interval and 40-year cutoff.

Daqing and China’s quest for oil: between survival and ingenuity in times of resource scarcity

Daqing in China is well-known as a, if not the, “Chinese oil city”. However, the reasons behind its importance for the People’s Republic of China and the origins of its current spatial organization remain unclear. “How was such growth achieved against the backdrop of the so-called de-urbanization processes? What was occurring at the local level? What happened to the people of my parents’ generation?” Hou Li, a leading Chinese urban scholar, addresses these questions in her latest book, Building for Oil, explaining how the lowering of urban construction standards to the level of rural ones, the focus of investments on production, and the reliance on individual commitment led to China’s unprecedented growth. Despite the absence (or the concealment) of a critical opinion on the part of the author on the events and decisions described, this contribution is of particular importance to understand the path leading to contemporary China.

Research on analytical customer relationship management in China: knowledge map analysis based on Citespace

With the rapid development of the social economy, customers have become the most critical resources of companies, and many companies have taken analytical customer relationship management (CRM) as the magic weapon to improve their core competitiveness. As the main driving force of global economic growth, China currently occupies an essential position in the worldwide economy. Using CiteSpace information visualization software, this paper quantitatively analyzed the relevant research of 98 Web of Science (WoS) studies and 616 Chinese papers in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2003 to 2023 regarding analytical CRM in China. The research results of analytical CRM in China draw a knowledge mapping to sort out the annual publication volume, topic, publishing institution, and keyword. It was found that Chinese scholars have focused on analytical CRM in China during the last 20 years, and it entered a relatively rapid growth period in 2013, forming a relatively complete body of knowledge. However, the overall number of publications in WoS is low, and the research field is narrow. According to the data, foreign scholars' research has certain limitations, primarily focusing on applying concepts in information technology. The layout between different research topics is scattered and the correlation is low. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis to point out the direction for researchers in the area of analytical CRM to engage in related research, provide data reference, and help to predict the future trend of this research. Future research should fully use big data and information technology and focus on analytical CRM in the network era to help Chinese companies improve their competitiveness.

New Pathway for Management Studies in China: Exploring Qualitative Research Methods of Business Anthropology

Through an inventory of the existing literature body on Chinese management studies, this paper attempts to present a critical review of the phenomenon that the management studies in contemporary China over-rely on quantitative research methodology. It endeavors to demonstrate that the nature of scientific research is to innovate by seeking truth and, therefore, should not be restricted by quantitative research methods. Improve the effectiveness of academic analyses, it suggests that the scholars in China need to positively adapt the anthropological methodologies to conduct management studies and enhance the process of the localization of management science in the country. It is designed to broaden the approaches toward Chinese management studies by introducing business anthropological methods to Chinese management scholars. It adopts a comparative and case study methodology to demonstrate the limitations of quantitative methods and illustrate the effectiveness of business anthropological approaches for management studies in the Chinese context. The existing literature body demonstrates that excessive quantitative research approaches are utilized in current management studies, while scholars in China primarily ignore the effectiveness of qualitative methods. The necessity for further understanding qualitative research methods in management studies has been recognized more recently by Chinese scholars. They tend to agree that qualitative and quantitative research methodologies are merely different approaches, while the results are the same. One of the compelling new paths to improving management studies and practices is to apply anthropological research methods so that management theory in China can better explain actual human responses and factors that influence their behaviors. Anthropology has always been employed for practical applications. In addition, anthropological methods can enlarge the approaches to management studies and widen the scope for scholars to conduct their research. The combination of anthropology and management will accelerate the localization of management studies and, accordingly, speed up the systematic establishment of Chinese management theory to promote management practices in modern China. Business anthropology is emerging among some outstanding qualitative research methods in Western management studies. On the other hand, China's management science community is still a little behind in this respect. This paper is a pilot study to elaborate on business anthropology and its contribution to specific areas in management studies, such as marketing management, product design, and entrepreneurship in the Chinese context.

Transforming traditions into academic resources: a study of Chinese scholars in the humanities and social sciences

Transforming traditions into academic resources: a study of Chinese scholars in the humanities and social sciences

Variational Translation Phenomenon of Six Chapters of A Floating Life

The Variational Translation theory was summarized and proposed by Huang Zhonglian, a Chinese translator and scholar, from his many years of translation practice and research. There are altogether seven flexible means: omission, editing, narration, condensation, combination, modification and addition. Six Chapters of A Floating Life by Shen Fu of the Qing Dynasty was beautifully written and deeply loved by Lin Yutang. To better promote Chinese culture to the world, Lin translated this novel, and its English version was highly praised abroad. Based on the Variational Translation theory and combined with examples, this paper discusses in detail the specific manifestations of the translation variation strategies such as omission, editing, narration, modification and addition in the English version of Six Chapters of A Floating Life. The ultimate goal is to enhance the guiding role of the Variational Translation theory in the English translation of Chinese novels.

Exploring the Rational and Supernatural: Wang Chong’s Critical Analysis of Ghosts and Deities in Han Dynasty Customs

This paper examines the critical perspectives of scholars during the Han Dynasty on customs and beliefs related to ghosts and deities. Focusing on Wang Chong as an example, it explores the naturalistic explanations of life and death, the concept of ghosts and deities, and the associated customs of funerals, sacrifices, and taboos. Wang Chong’s criticisms focused on the core ideologies that underpinned funeral practices, sacrifices, and taboos and attempted to undermine the essence of these traditional customs. By reinterpreting funeral practices, sacrifices, and taboos from a ritualistic perspective that emphasized the social function rather than their supernatural implications, Wang Chong aimed to reconcile local tradition with rationality and promote a more profound understanding of the world. His approach, though complex and at times seemingly contradictory, holds an important position among the intellectual critiques of customs and beliefs during the Han Dynasty, and it sheds light on the challenges faced by ancient Chinese scholars in navigating the intersections between rationality, morality, and religion.

The evolution of space syntax over the past two decades: evidence from China

ABSTRACT China is one of the most researched countries in space syntax. However, the application of the theory in China remains relatively unfamiliar to the international academic community. This study employed keyword analysis to review research themes in Chinese space syntax and used empirical content analysis to trace the evolution of relevant concepts, including spatial scales, study areas, software, models, and measures. By comparing with international studies, this study characterizes the research themes. It emerged that Chinese scholars favor using measures like integration to evaluate spatial accessibility, with the exploration of spaces’ cultural attributes also being a significant theme. Additionally, this study reveals that applied research propels Chinese space syntax, demonstrating characteristics of staged growth and a stratification phenomenon in the usage frequency of relevant concepts. It also identifies cross-regional research strengths and challenges within the field of Chinese space syntax. Ultimately, insights for improving future research and possible research directions are presented. This study provides evidence to analyze the evolution of space syntax theory from China and aids in improving the research framework of the theory. It provides a valuable reference for scholars and can promote the global dissemination of space syntax.

Faithfulness Fails to Fix it All: A Corpus-Driven Investigation into English Translation Issues in Abstracts of Chinese Civil Engineering Research Articles

The primary concern in translating research article abstracts into English is to ensure accuracy and efficiency. This study established two corpora: CCEJAC (Chinese Civil Engineering Journal Abstract Corpus) and ICEJAC (International Civil Engineering Journal Abstract Corpus). The paper applied Hyland’s five-move model and established ten sub-corpora for comparative studies of equivalent moves in CCEJAC and ICEJAC. It was observed that CCEJAC and ICEJAC differ in both lexical and syntactic levels. Specifically, differences were found in the use of general academic vocabulary and bundles, as well as in sentence length and focus. It can be concluded that translation versions in CCEJAC prioritize preserving the literal meaning and the original sentence structures, which may end in undesirable outcomes. These contrasts are the main factors contributing to English translation issues. To address these, this study thoroughly investigated the English translation issues in each move in CCEJAC. The aim is to refine English versions of abstracts to be more concise and practical, in a bid to further facilitate academic communication between Chinese and international scholars in the field of civil engineering.

D meson production in p+Pb collisions with the analytical transverse momentum distribution from the color dipole models* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint for Large Scientific Units (U1832120), the Hebei Province Outstanding Youth Fund (A2020210012), the S&T Program of Hebei (Grant No. 236Z4601G), and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Introducing Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of

D meson production in proton–lead (p+Pb) collisions is globally investigated within the color dipole framework. To simplify the Fourier transform, the analytical transverse momentum distribution functions extracted from different color dipole models are used. With the Glauber–Gribov method, the impact parameter dependence is considered for the nuclear modification of the gluon density. We obtain from comparison with recent experimental data from the LHCb and ALICE Collaborations that the theoretical results from the Kovchegov, Lu and Rezaeian (KLR) model are in good agreement with the experimental data at small P T, and the results from the Golec–Biernat–Wüsthoff (GBW) and Bartels, Golec-Biernat and Kowalski (BGK) model are reasonable at all rapidity bins. Then, the influence of the initial-state energy loss effect on D meson production in p+Pb collisions is analyzed. A clear reduction of the nuclear modification factor is shown at backward rapidity. Finally, the predictive results for D0 and D+ production differential cross section versus rapidity (Y) in p+Pb collisions are given.

THE INNOVATION PERFORMANCE OF SMES IN CHINA

In the context of innovation and development of SMEs, improving innovation performance has become the key to the future breakthrough of SMEs. The article describes the definition of innovation performance by Chinese scholars, the existing dimensions of innovation performance, and the factors affecting it. It has been found, however, that there are fewer existing studies on the innovation performance of SMEs. This paper concludes that Chinese SMEs innovation behavior can increase their innovation performance, hence increasing their competitiveness. Breakthrough innovation focuses on revolutionary invention, whereas progressive innovation focuses on improvement. As a result, adequate emphasis should be given to the study of SMEs innovative behavior.