Chinese Rural Development Research Articles

Rural Land Property Right System of China: Defects and Solutions

The innovations of the rural land property right system have the important meaning to Chinese agricultural and rural development. At the present stage, the rural land property right system of China have such problems as the unclear rural land property right subject, the incomplete rural land property right object, the uneven urban-rural land development right as well as the imperfect land property right management system. In the next stage of the system reform process of China, the innovation problem of the rural land property right system should be fully emphasized, and the related measures should be actively taken to perfect the rural land property right system, including clarifying the rural land property right subject, propelling the real right tendency of the rural land contractual management right, setting up the urban-rural unified market of land for construction, along with deepening carrying out the work of confirming the rural land property right and issuing the property right certificates.

Out-migration and Chinese rural development

This article employs a Tiebout-inspired approach to examine how out-migration affects broad-based development in rural China. This approach is tested at two levels: on statistical data from the province level and through interviews with rural (village) officials in western Shandong Province. These tests are inconclusive in that they uncover evidence of increased social provision in response to outward migration at the province level, but there is little evidence that village-level officials are responding to out-migration pressure. Instead, this work uncovers a modified Tiebout-effect: rural communities compete for investments, and the outcome of this competition affects the likelihood of out-migration.

Ecological Environment Protection in Chinese Rural Hydropower Development Practices: A Review

This paper reviews the ecological environment protection measures of Chinese rural hydropower development schemes. China’s rapid economic growth is making great energy demands and developing rural hydropower currently provides 30.4 GW annually. There is a conflict of interest between hydropower development and ecological and environmental protection. Potential problems include changes in hydrological condition, eutrophication, downstream nutrient reduction, sediment deposition, aquatic ecosystem alteration, and ecological water demand variation. Since most of the rural hydropower resources are located in ecologically fragile regions, it is significantly more important that ecological environment protection is being considered. As exploitation of rural hydropower has developed in China, ecological environment protection schemes had to adapt to changing boundary conditions. Due to improvements in environmental protection management, various environmental impact assessment methods have been applied including fuzzy analysis hierarchy process, ecological scheduling, pressure-state-response, and ecological environment evaluation index. The latter index can both qualitatively and quantitatively analyze ecological environment impacts and has become the most frequently used tool in the evaluation of rural hydropower exploitation. To rebalance the interests regarding energy generation and environmental protection, countermeasures originating from different aspects such as engineering design optimization, management improvement, and ecological restoration were recommended to promote ecological environment protection. The review concludes that by taking ecological environment protection into consideration in the whole rural hydropower plan, adopting ecological scheduling to guarantee river ecological water demand and implementing ecological restoration in watershed management are the most effective approaches in furthering sustainable development of rural hydropower.

Urbanization strategies, rural development and land use changes in China: A multiple-level integrated assessment

This paper links urbanization strategies to changes in land use and associated impacts on rural communities and agro-ecosystems in a rural area of China. Energy, monetary and human time variables as well as information on environmental pressures, have been combined to compare different typologies of households and the metabolism of different patterns of land use from an integrated perspective. The results show that urbanization strategies, aimed at shifting the current land use and at displacing the local population, while increasing the economic efficiency is also associated with an increase in fossil energy consumption and environmental pressure, as well as a reduction of the multifunctional characteristic of the area under investigation. Based on these findings the paper also offers a critical discussion of the Chinese rural development policy arguing that the multifunctionality of rural areas should be taken into account by Chinese policy-makers and planners as a viable strategy to achieve rural development targets.

The Changes and Prospects of Chinese Rural Development Strategy in the Hu Jintao Era

The Changes and Prospects of Chinese Rural Development Strategy in the Hu Jintao Era

RURALISM IN CHINA: REINTERPRETATION OF POST-COLLECTIVE DEVELOPMENT

This paper reinterprets the societal nature of Chinese rural development by introducing the concept of ruralism. By ruralism, extending Edward Said's epistemology, I denote all those social, cultural, political, and economic ideas and actions about rural peoples and places that have been devised and implemented by urban-based elite groups to justify urban-centered programs of economic and social transformation and necessitate self-negating changes (and non-changes) in rural people's everyday life. Ruralism has much more to do with the interests of urban economic, political, and social groups than with the realities of rural people's life. However, it exerts a formidable self-fulfilling power by inducing and coercing rural people to comply with the specific ways of thinking, acting, and relating described or, more precisely, prescribed therein. Ironically, communist China, which had been built through an agrarian social revolution, presents a particularly pertinent case of ruralist (under)development. The suppression of nonagricultural activities and geographic mobility, the compulsory concentration in grain production, and the forced social, political, and economic autarky (or self-reliance in euphemism) all presupposed a stagnant, introverted, and austere mode of existence on the part of Chinese peasants. Therefore, many of the particular characteristics of peasant life in the collective era were ruralist inventions and reinventions which Chinese peasants were neither accustomed to nor pleased with. In many respects, post-Mao rural reform has been a process of undoing – and thereby unlearning – the ruralist policies and practices of the collective era. Such undoing, more unexpectedly than expectedly, came to release the enormous developmental potential of autonomous peasant families in agricultural, industrial, and tertiary economic activities. But the undoing of ruralism is in no sense complete, and even new elements of ruralism have been added during the reform process.

Opportunists, Predators and Rogues: The Role of Local State Relations in Shaping Chinese Rural Development

Chinese rural enterprises have developed in various ways in different parts of the country, giving rise to competing explanations of the variation in terms of the role of structure, historical legacies, norms, bureaucratic controls and agency. A new analysis seeks to resolve these contradictions by placing development in the context of township and village cadres’ relationships. Townships can either enforce village compliance with county policy or not, and can promote economic development or not, resulting in bureaucratic controls working where compliance is enforced, and norms and agency guiding development where they are not. Perverse incentives allow compliance without achieving larger goals of economic development, and can trap villages in opportunistic or predatory townships. While structure and historical legacies do constrain development in general, inter-level relationships are key to understanding micro-variations. Village wealth and village elections further empower the village level and give agency greater salience.

Rural taxation and government regulation in China

AbstractThis paper places the problem of Chinese rural taxation in the context of government regulation and seeks to present an integrated theoretical framework of Chinese rural development in the past two decades. Our theoretical framework reconciles the seemingly contradictory facts that the average level of rural taxation relative to rural net income did not increase quickly from 1990, but rural taxation became a very serious problem in this period. Our findings suggest that this is in large part due to increases in rural income disparity from 1990 and uneven tax distribution among different income groups. We argue that differentiated enforcement of government regulations such as grain procurement and birth control play an important role in the rural taxation problem, and more generally, the problem of local government expansion and rising rural income disparity. The empirical findings support our hypotheses.

Rural taxation and government regulation in China

This paper places the problem of Chinese rural taxation in the context of government regulation and seeks to present an integrated theoretical framework of Chinese rural development in the past two decades. Our theoretical framework reconciles the seemingly contradictory facts that the average level of rural taxation relative to rural net income did not increase quickly from 1990, but rural taxation became a very serious problem in this period. Our findings suggest that this is in large part due to increases in rural income disparity from 1990 and uneven tax distribution among different income groups. We argue that differentiated enforcement of government regulations such as grain procurement and birth control play an important role in the rural taxation problem, and more generally, the problem of local government expansion and rising rural income disparity. The empirical findings support our hypotheses.

Chinese Women and Rural Development: Sixty Years of Change in Lu Village, Yunnan. Laurel Bossen

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsChinese Women and Rural Development: Sixty Years of Change in Lu Village, Yunnan. Laurel Bossen Rita S. GallinRita S. Gallin Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The China Journal Volume 51Jan., 2004 Published on behalf of the Australian Centre on China in the World at the Australian National University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/3182153 Views: 7Total views on this site Copyright 2004 The China JournalPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Chinese women and rural development: sixty years of change in Lu Village, Yunnan

Chapter 1 Lu Village in Southwest China: Unearthing Gender Chapter 2 Perspectives in Time Chapter 3 Trade and Beauty: The Demise of Footbinding in Lu Village Chapter 4 Gender in Land Tenure, Farming, and Employment Chapter 5 The Wealth of a Gifted Woman: The Shaman of Lu Village Chapter 6 Wealth and Poverty, 1930s to 1990s: Paths to Ruin and Fortune Chapter 7 Marriage, Households, and Gender: Keeping Sons and Daughters Chapter 8 Demographic Change, Family Planning, and Sex Preference Chapter 9 Politics and Political Culture Chapter 10 Unbinding China's Peasants Chapter 11 List of Maps, Figures, and Tables Chapter 12 Weighs and Measures Chapter 13 Glossary

The Unknown Cultural Revolution: Educational Reforms and Their Impact on China's Rural Development (review)

Reviewed by: The Unknown Cultural Revolution: Educational Reforms and Their Impact on China's Rural Development C. Montgomery Broaded (bio) Dongping Han. The Unknown Cultural Revolution: Educational Reforms and Their Impact on China's Rural Development. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 2000. vii, 195 pp. Hardcover $50.00, ISBN 0-8153-3906-2. Dongping Han believes that the Cultural Revolution, at least as it unfolded in many parts of the Chinese countryside, has gotten a bad rap. He takes the Deng Xiaoping regime and its successors to task for characterizing the Cultural Revolution (hereafter, CR) as a complete, unmitigated disaster for all of China. Quite to the contrary, Han argues, CR policies had very positive effects in Jimo, the rural Shandong county where he himself grew up and later conducted the dissertation research on which this volume is based. Han notes that pre-CR education policies had the effect of siphoning talent away from the countryside, thereby weakening efforts at rural economic development. The great majority of rural children at best received only a few years of schooling while a select few were able to move up the educational ladder, eventually gaining access to universities and urban state-sector job assignments. The educational reforms of the CR broke this cycle. The decade witnessed a massive expansion of rural schooling at the primary and secondary levels as well as some reorientation of the curriculum toward practical applicability of knowledge in the rural setting. Policies requiring high school and college graduates to return to the commune or factory from which they were recruited and the transfer of educated urban youth to the countryside also increased the supply of better-educated people in rural China. Thus, one of the conditions necessary for sustained rural development was significantly strengthened. A second strand of Han's analysis involves fundamental changes in village political culture and the consolidation of collective organization. He argues that villagers' habits of submissiveness, cultivated over millennia in traditional China's "officialdom culture," had persisted after the establishment of the PRC. Only during the CR were villagers empowered to challenge local officials and hold them accountable for their behavior. Longtime power holders were deposed—but only temporarily, as it turned out—and new village leadership groups were installed through the mechanism of Revolutionary Committees. Consolidation of the collective economy and political empowerment of ordinary villagers made it possible to undertake large-scale infrastructure projects, promote mechanization and scientific experimentation in agriculture, and launch many rural industrialization projects. These efforts resulted in a doubling of agricultural production during the CR decade. Rural industrial output rose from almost nothing at the start of the CR to constitute about a third of Jimo County's economy by 1976. Therefore, [End Page 434] Han argues, the real origins of Chinese rural development lie not in Deng Xiao-ping's reforms of the late 1970s and 1980s, but rather in Mao's CR policies to expand and reorient rural education, to empower ordinary villagers, to consolidate the collectives, and to promote rural industrialization. This volume is a useful corrective to the tendency to view the Cultural Revolution solely from the perspective of the well-educated urbanites whose harrowing stories are widely known in the West. The CR, of course, unfolded differently in different places and was experienced quite differently depending on people's social and political status and the interpersonal dynamics of particular settings. It is widely acknowledged that the CR had a profound (and, many would argue, mostly negative) impact on China's urban education system. Nevertheless, few readers will quarrel with Han's conclusions that CR policies greatly expanded educational opportunities for rural children and that reform-era policies have significantly eroded those gains. Han's larger argument linking the expansion of education, the transformation of village political culture, and rural economic development, however, seems unlikely to persuade anyone who is not already fundamentally sympathetic to his position. Some skepticism is warranted, for example, about the depth and the long-term persistence of changes in village political culture. While most of Jimo's long-serving village cadres were deposed in the early stages of the CR, every one of them was eventually "rehabilitated...

`China Daily' Coverage of Rural Development

This study is a content analysis of 214 articles and columns about mainland Chinese rural development which appeared in China Daily in 1992-5. Basic findings were as follows: (1) the paper reported on varied objects of coverage, apparently reflecting the Chinese government's opening to the West on economic matters; (2) quoted news sources were dominated by government-controlled institutions, presumably reflecting Deng Xiaoping's lack of `opening' in the political sphere; (3) coverage focused heavily on government-approved solutions in rural development, not on causal factors, advantages or disadvantages of existing circumstances. Data were analyzed in line with information-processing theory and were interpreted in light of Aggarwala's and Altschull's concepts about the press's role in development.

Destabilization of the Chinese countryside and rural industrial development

Destabilization of the Chinese countryside and rural industrial development

Housing investment and chinese rural development: Preliminary results from a survey in jiangsu province

AbstractThe high propensity of rural households to invest in housing following economic reforms in China is a consequence of increasing household income, the changing environment for investment in farm and non‐farm production in rural areas, and inflation experienced in China in recent years. The housing boom has important implications for rural investment and output, and for the development of rural construction and related industries.

Peasant Entrepreneurs in China's "Second Economy": An Institutional Analysis

Previous articleNext article No AccessPeasant Entrepreneurs in China's "Second Economy": An Institutional AnalysisVictor Nee, and Frank W. YoungVictor Nee Search for more articles by this author , and Frank W. Young Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 39, Number 2Jan., 1991 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451871 Views: 11Total views on this site Citations: 28Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1991 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Jia Gao Societal dynamics in China’s recent past: a scoping review of the research literature, International Review of Sociology 32, no.22 (Jun 2022): 238–264.https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2022.2089613Aimar Ventsel Left in the ‘Shadows’: The Informal Moral Economy of the Russian Far East, (Jan 2022): 177–200.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82499-0_7Wasif A. Minhas Theoretical Framework for Entrepreneurship in the UAE, (May 2018): 39–72.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76436-8_3Wasif A. Minhas Emirati Model of Entrepreneurship: Critical Success Factors, (May 2018): 215–241.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76436-8_9Amina Aitsi-Selmi, Ruoling Chen, Martin J Shipley, Michael G Marmot Education is associated with lower levels of abdominal obesity in women with a non-agricultural occupation: an interaction study using China’s four provinces survey, BMC Public Health 13, no.11 (Aug 2013).https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-769Yiu Por Chen Land use rights, market transitions, and labour policy change in China (1980-84), Economics of Transition 20, no.44 (Sep 2012): 705–743.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2012.00447.xLisa A. Keister, E. Paige Borelli Market Transition: An Assessment of the State of the Field, Sociological Perspectives 55, no.22 (May 2012): 267–294.https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2012.55.2.267Godfrey Yeung, Canfei He, Hao Liu Centralization and marginalization: The Chinese banking industry in reform, Applied Geography 32, no.22 (Mar 2012): 854–867.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.09.003Francisco Liñán, David Urbano, Maribel Guerrero Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 23, no.3-43-4 (Apr 2011): 187–215.https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903233929Lisa A. 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Chinese Rural Development: The Great Transformation. Edited by William L. Parish. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1985. vii, 278 pp. Index. About the Authors. $35 (cloth); $14.95 (paper). - Institutional Reform and Economic Development in the Chinese Countryside. Edited by Keith Griffin. London: MacMillan, 1984. x, 366 pp. Preface. Units of Measurement. Notes on the Contributors. Index. £25 (cloth); £8.95

Chinese Rural Development: The Great Transformation. Edited by William L. Parish. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1985. vii, 278 pp. Index. About the Authors. $35 (cloth); $14.95 (paper). - Institutional Reform and Economic Development in the Chinese Countryside. Edited by Keith Griffin. London: MacMillan, 1984. x, 366 pp. Preface. Units of Measurement. Notes on the Contributors. Index. £25 (cloth); £8.95

Chinese Rural Development: The Great Transformation.

Introduction, historical background, and current issues / William L. Parish - State intervention and peasant opportunities / Nicholas R. Lardy -- Poverty progress in the Huang and Huai River basins / Thomas B. Wiens -- Price sisso and commune administration in post-Mao China /Steven B. Butler -- Remunerati ideology, and personal interests in a Chinese village, 1960-1980 / Jonathan Unger -- Peasants, ideology, and new incentive systems, Jiangsu Province, 1978-1981 / David Zweig -- Peasant household individualism / Victor Nee -- Income inequality and the state / Mark Selden -- Balance and cleavage in urban-rural relations / Marc Blecher -- Taitou revisited, state policies and social change / Norma Diamond.

Chinese Rural Development: The Great Transformation. Edited by William L. Parish. [New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.1985. 278 pp. Hardcover US$35.00; paperback US$14.95.

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Chinese Rural Development. The Great Transformation.

Chinese Rural Development. The Great Transformation.