Chinese Residents Research Articles

Socioecological influencers of health-promoting lifestyles in Chinese: a preliminary survey using convenient samples.

Healthy lifestyles are considered important means to reduce the burden of diseases. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Ecological Model of Health Behavior (EMHB) to analyze the factors associated with the health-promoting lifestyles of Chinese residents. We carried out a cross-sectional investigation in July 2023. Our investigated factors included social-demographic characteristics (including sex, age, education level, employment status, marital status, personal monthly income, and daily behavioral habits [which were measured by a questionnaire)], health literacy [which was measured by the Chinese version of the Health Literacy Scale Short-Form scale (HLS-SF12)], and family health [which was measured by the Chinese version of the Short-Form of the Family Health Scale (FHS-SF)]. Our outcome was health promoting lifestyle, which was measured by a revised version of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-IIR). Data were analyzed using stepwise regression. A total of 1,402 participants were enrolled. Higher scores of HLS-SF12 (β = 0.467), having regular exercise (β = 0.212), and regular physical examination (β = 0.088) were associated with better health-prompting lifestyles. However, older age (≥60 years) (β = -0.046), drinking (β = -0.066), and sleeping time (5-6 h/day) (β = -0.048) were associated lower levels of health-prompting lifestyles. Living with family (β = 0.077), FHS-SF (β = 0.104), and married (β = -0.077) were significant influencers. Unemployed (β = -0.048), receiving retirement pay (β = -0.053), and economic support provided by parents (β = 0.094) were associated with better health-prompting lifestyles. There were multiple influencing factors of the six dimensions of the HPLP-IIR. Our findings indicate that community residents with higher health literacy, better family health, and health-related behaviors tend to have better health-promoting lifestyles. Our findings have confirmed the complex impacts of social-ecological factors on health-promoting lifestyles, which may help policy makers with health-promotion strategies making and also help researchers to control for confounding in study design.

Research on Household Consumption Based on Behavioral Economics

Since the 21st century, the living standards of Chinese residents have significantly improved, and people's consumption levels have also increased to a certain extent compared with the figure in the past. By observing the changes in China's economic status, it can be found that there is a close connection between Chinese residents' consumption and changes in the Chinese economy. Therefore, studying the consumption issues of Chinese residents in different periods is of great significance for China's development in various ways. For example, this essay can serve as an effective reference for the Chinese government in formulating policies related to residents' living consumption, in order to achieve economic growth by increasing the consumption demand of Chinese residents. This article uses data from 2005 to 2022, analyzes the data through data calculation and psychological account theory, and studies that different economic stages of a country are the main factors affecting residents' consumption levels.

Reducing environmental footprints and promoting health: Optimizing dietary structure in China

This paper aims to identify a dietary structure in China that can enhance people's health while significantly reducing environmental footprints. Aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, this study incorporates four essential types of footprints associated with food consumption: land, water, CO2 and CH4 footprints, with particular emphasis on the often-overlooked CH4 footprint, whose warming impact is 25 times greater than that of CO2. Employing the structural decomposition analysis method, we find that, the dietary structure had the most contribution in reducing environmental footprints than those of population size, urbanization rate, and per capita food consumption volume in China after 2018. To assess the environmental impacts of different dietary structures, we set three scenarios: the current dietary structure S0, a developing dietary structure S1, and an optimal dietary structure S2 designed through an optimal model based on the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents (DGCR) 2022. We measure the environmental footprints resulting from residents' dietary structure across the three scenarios for the years 2025 and 2030. The optimal dietary structure in S2, which aligns closely with DGCR 2022, features meat and poultry consumption at 3.59 % and 3.26 % of per capita food consumption volume in 2025 and 2030, cereal and tubers at 20.48 % and 21.20 % and milk and dairy products at 24.47 % and 24.40 % in 2025 and 2030. Comparatively, S2 demonstrates significant reductions in environmental footprints when compared to S0. Specifically, the land, water, CO2 and CH4 footprints caused by residents' food consumption in S2 would drop by 10.50 %, 19.01 %, 14.32 %, 14.32 % respectively in 2025, and by 11.14 %, 19.85 %, 15.27 %, 15.27 % in 2030, respectively. Importantly, the reduced environmental footprints achieved in S2 are >1.8 times greater than those in S1. The findings highlight the potential of the dietary structure in S2 to improve residents' health while concurrently reducing environmental footprints. These results offer a basis for designing effective policies that guide both urban and rural Chinese residents towards healthier and environmentally sustainable dietary choices.

Incidence of lung cancer among healthcare workers in Hunan Province and analysis of related risk factors.

The prevalence of lung cancer, a major type of malignant tumor, has been increasing over the years greatly impacting the health of Chinese residents. This study investigates the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer among healthcare workers in the Hunan Province, as well as the occupational risk factors. The data analyzed in this study was collected from the largest tumor hospital in the province: the Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital affiliated with Central South University, School of Medicine. The data collected encompasses input collected between the years of 2004 to 2013 of the population of healthcare workers who were hospitalized for lung cancer treatments. Information was obtained through statistical analysis and telephonic interviews. The prevalence of lung cancer among healthcare workers was much higher than that of the general population, as revealed by the difference between number of healthcare worker cases per 1,000 cases and number of healthcare workers per 1,000 population in the decade from 2004 to 2013. Analysis of the data further demonstrates that lung cancer prevalence among healthcare workers increases exponentially with age. Although smoking has been shown to increase the incidence of lung cancer to some extent, it is most likely not the main cause of lung cancer. In addition, it appears that the highest rates of lung cancer incidence occurs in mainly in primary general practitioners, medical radiologists, and nurses. The lack of awareness of personal safety measures may place healthcare workers at a greater risk of lung cancer.

Decomposition of Extensive and Intensive Trade Margin Impacts of Chinas Agricultural OFDI

Economic theory indicates that some ambiguity in the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI)and trade. This paper estimate the impact of OFDI on the extensive and intensive agricultural import margins of at HS 6-digit commodity level over the sample period from 2012-2020 with the top ten trade partners. We find that standard gravity variables provide good explanatory power for bilateral trade on extensive margin. The empirical results show that the scale of OFDI has a positive impact on the total imports of agricultural products by diversifying product varieties rather than increasing the price of agricultural products, i.e. the impact of OFDI is concentrated exclusively on the extensive margin of China agricultural imports rather than intensive margin. Importantly, based on specific categories of agricultural products, our results suggest that OFDI almost works on food processing and animal products. Additionally, in order to further investigate the motivation of China`s agricultural OFDI, we construct expanded gravity model. The empirical results show that agricultural-related OFDI exhibits characteristics of seeking labor-intensive factors. Overall, our results support that OFDI promotes the diversification of China`s agricultural imports and contributes to the improvement of the welfare of Chinese residents.

Does the use of the internet enhance residents’ well-being?—Evidence from China

Using data from the 2018 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this study empirically examined the impact of Chinese residents’ Internet use on their subjective well-being. The results show that Internet use significantly increases residents’ subjective well-being; the results of the marginal effect show that the increase in Internet use increases the probability of residents choosing “Relatively happy” and “Extremely happy”; further analysis shows that Internet use increases the probability of residents choosing “Relatively happy” and “Extremely happy” through the marginal effect. “Moreover, in the heterogeneity analysis, Internet use significantly increases the subjective happiness of middle-aged people aged 35–60, and increases the subjective happiness of low-education and low-income groups, while rural residents have higher subjective well-being from Internet use relative to urban residents. This study mitigates the estimation bias that may be caused by the sample self-selection problem through propensity score matching (PSM), and conducts a series of robustness tests on the empirical results. Therefore, the government should emphasize the role of Internet use in enhancing residents’ happiness and promoting the happiness effect of Internet use by further improving Internet infrastructure and upgrading residents’ Internet use skills.

Income composition inequality of Chinese residents and fiscal redistribution effect: An empirical analysis on individual income tax and transfer system.

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper decomposed Chinese residents' income into labor income and capital income by income source, and measured the income inequality and income composition inequality of Chinese residents during 2010-2018. We take the Gini coefficient as a measure of inequality and, by decomposing it by income source, analyze the absolute and relative marginal effects of capital income and labor income on the overall income inequality. On this basis, this paper discusses the redistributive effect of financial instruments such as personal income tax and transfer payment on income inequality and income composition inequality. The results show that capital income is not only the main driving factor for the increase of overall income inequality, but also its influence on inequality is gradually increasing. The results of the redistribution effect of fiscal instruments show that although individual income tax and transfer payment both help to reduce the overall income inequality, only individual income tax can reduce the inequality of income composition, while transfer payment will exacerbate it. In the background of the rising share of capital income, it may widen the income distribution gap in the long run. Hence, future fiscal redistribution efforts should consider the income composition inequality. This includes further promotion of individual income tax reforms, optimization of the tax rate structure, enhancement of relevant tax laws governing capital income like property income, and continuous improvement in the redistributive impact of fiscal instruments.

Histories of Chinese and Japanese residents challenging the White Australia Policy, 1945–1960: making the ordinary extraordinary

Post-WWII histories about Japanese ‘war brides’, pearl shell divers, Chinese sailors and ‘Colombo Plan’ students frame these cohorts as early ‘challengers’ of the White Australia Policy. Because these histories are typically siloed from each other, bringing them together offers a fresh way to view how Japanese and Chinese residents shared a social space that linked Australia’s societal change and domestic concerns to international developments. Juxtaposition of these cohorts also compels considerations of less familiar cohorts of Chinese and Japanese residents in post-WWII Australia and of how historians might best use their craft to draw ‘extraordinary meaning’ through studies of these supposedly ‘ordinary lives’.

Revenge outbound travel in the post-pandemic era: evidence from an extended TPB model

ABSTRACT Revenge travel has become a hot topic in the global tourism industry since the lifting of pandemic-based travel restrictions. This research aims to thoroughly investigate the factors motivating revenge outbound tourism. Using an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model, this research considers factors such as social and environmental information, psychological stimulation, and rational control. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) analysis of questionnaire responses from 561 Chinese residents confirm that environmental and social information and psychological stimulation jointly influence travelers’ attitudes toward revenge tourism, along with perceived behavioral control (PBC). These factors significantly facilitate intention and, in turn, promote retaliatory tourism behavior. The results of this research provide valuable contributions to the theoretical analysis of revenge tourism and the TPB model. This study also offers practical guidance on the recovery and growth planning of the tourism industry after the relaxation of travel restrictions.

Influence of internet usage on physical activity participation among Chinese residents: evidence from 2017 China General Social Survey.

This study aimed to examine the impact of internet usage on physical activity participation among Chinese residents, utilizing data from the 2017 China General Social Survey (N = 12,264). The objectives were to investigate the relationship between internet usage and physical activity participation and to explore the moderating effects of gender, age, and education level. Multiple regression models and a binary Probit model were employed to analyze the data. The study focused on exploring the association between internet usage and physical activity participation, considering the moderating effects of gender, age, and education level. The sample consisted of 12,264 participants from the 2017 China General Social Survey. The study found a positive association between increased internet usage and decreased engagement in physical activity, suggesting a negative influence of internet usage on physical activity. Significant age-related moderating effects were observed, indicating varying patterns of the internet-physical activity relationship across different age groups. Gender and education level were also found to significantly moderate this association, highlighting the impact of gender equality and educational attainment on individuals' utilization of the internet for physical activity purposes. This study underscores the evolving role of the internet in shaping physical activity behaviors in the Chinese context. It emphasizes the importance of considering age-related dynamics and societal factors such as gender equality and educational attainment in health promotion strategies.

Association between nutritional literacy and nutrition label use in Chinese community residents.

Nutritional literacy (NL) has a critical influence on food choices. The objective of the present study was to examine the association of NL with nutrition label use. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bengbu, China. In total, 955 adults were interviewed using a questionnaire designed for the present study to collect information on demographics, lifestyle, nutrition label use, and NL. Binary logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for nutrition label use and its predictive variables. In total, 40.4% of the participants reported looking at nutrition label when purchasing prepackaged foods. NL was significantly positively associated with nutrition label use and specifically with checking nutrition facts table, purported nutrition benefits and purported health benefits. In terms of specific facets of NL, nutrition knowledge, applying skills, and critical skills were associated with nutrition label use. After stratification by monthly income and education, the association between NL and nutrition label use was discovered only in individuals with low monthly income. Additionally, nutrition knowledge was associated with nutrition label use only in adults with high education level, whereas applying skills were associated with nutrition label use only in those with low education level. The use of nutrition label remains low among Chinese community residents, especially the purported nutritional benefits and purported health benefits. NL is positively associated with nutrition label use, especially with respect to functional and critical NL, with differences based on socioeconomic status. The findings highlight the need for NL interventions targeting individuals with different levels of education and income to encourage use of nutrition label in China.

Pre, mid and post-COVID-19 aquatic food purchasing behavior in China

Abstract This paper aims to understand the changes in what, how, and where people consumed and purchased aquatic food due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors affecting the purchase of aquatic food by Chinese residents. The theoretical basis is Stimulus-Organism-Behavior-Consequence (SOBC) with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and a theoretical model was proposed to explain Chinese residents’ aquatic food purchasing behavior. The methods used in this paper are descriptive statistical analysis and empirical analysis based on structural equation model (SEM). The former is used to compare the characteristics of aquatic food purchasing behavior in different periods. The latter used the 1708 responses obtained in the survey to identify the factors that influence aquatic food purchasing behavior. The results reveal that 1) the frequency, types and channels of residents' purchase of aquatic food were different before, during and after the epidemic; 2) SOBC model can effectively explain the formation mechanism of residents' aquatic food purchasing behavior. The results of this study can provide reference for aquatic food marketers and fishery development in China.

House price, gender spatial allocation, and the change of marriage matching

<abstract> <p>We investigated the relationship between changes in housing prices and marriage patterns among Chinese residents, considering the evolving real estate market and increasing prevalence of homogamous marriages. Using microdata from the China Household Income Project (CHIP) and urban housing price data, our results showed the following: First, housing price levels significantly decreased the likelihood of residents engaging in hypergamous mating and marrying individuals from lower social strata. Second, regional fluctuations in housing prices could influence residents' marital matches by affecting the spatial distribution of genders. Specifically, the higher the level of urban house prices, the greater the crowding out effect on marriageable men, and the less likely men in that area were to match downwards and marry women from lower social classes. Third, heterogeneity analysis indicated that residents in the eastern regions, younger populations, and migrants faced greater housing price pressures in the process of marital matching, resulting in a more substantial impact on these groups. The study contributes to marriage matching theories and offers policy insights for real estate reforms.</p> </abstract>

JN.1: enhanced immune evasion ability propels it to become the predominant strain in China, unlikely to trigger pandemic similar to late 2022.

Due to the widespread presence of susceptible populations, the pandemic caused by BA.5 subbranches swiftly disseminated China, impacting the majority of individuals within a span of 1 to 2 months. Subsequently, XBB and its subbranches became the dominant variants in China. We tracked the immune landscape in the population after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in late 2022 in China. Our findings suggested that low levels of neutralizing antibodies against BA.5 subbranches before the pandemic might have contributed to the national outbreak at the end of 2022. The widespread breakthrough infections subsequently increased immunity to BA.5, XBB.1.5/1.9.1, and JN.1, inhibiting a new wave of large-scale infections caused by XBB subbranches in China. Additionally, JN.1 demonstrated enhanced immune evasion capabilities; however, Chinese residents had comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies against JN.1 as those observed for XBB.1.5 among confirmed cases at the end of 2022. We anticipate that JN.1 will replace XBB subbranches as the predominant epidemic variant in subsequent transmissions within China. However, it is unlikely to cause a large-scale spread comparable to that witnessed at the end of 2022, with transmission patterns potentially resembling those observed for XBB post-pandemic.

Evaluation of three prediction formulas of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To determine the appropriateness of three widely used formulas estimating 24-h urinary Na (24hUNa) from spot urine samples in the Chinese population. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature review was conducted to identify studies for estimating 24hUNa using the Kawasaki, Tanaka and INTERSALT formulas simultaneously in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library databases. The mean difference (MD) and correlation coefficients (r) between measures and estimates from different formulas were assessed. Information extraction and quality assessment were performed in thirteen studies involving 8369 subjects. Two studies which affected the overall robustness were excluded in the 'leave-one-out' sensitivity analyses. Within the final meta-analysis included eleven studies and 7197 participants, 36·07 mmol/d (95 %CI 16·89, 55·25) of MD was observed in the Kawasaki formula, and -19·62 mmol/d (95 %CI -37·37, -1·87) in the Tanaka formula and -35·78 mmol/d (95 %CI -50·76, -20·80) in the INTERSALT formula; a pooled r-Fisher's Z of 0·39 (95 %CI 0·32, 0·45) in the Kawasaki formula, 0·43 (95 %CI 0·37, 0·49) in the Tanaka formula and 0·36 (95 %CI 0·31, 0·42) in the INTERSALT formula. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the possible factors affecting the accuracy of the formula estimation from three mainly aspects: population types, Na intake levels and urine specimen types. The meta-analysis suggested that the Tanaka formula performed a more accurate estimate in Chinese population. Time of collecting spot urine specimens and Na intake level of the sample population might be the main factors affecting the accuracy of the formula estimation.

Individual and interaction effects of monounsaturated fatty acids on their associations with hypertension in Chinese residents.

Currently, associations between dietary intakes of individual monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and hypertension were not well disclosed, and the interaction effects of MUFAs on their associations with hypertension were unknown. Obesity was correlated with both MUFAs and hypertension, while if anthropometric obesity indices performed mediating roles in associations between MUFAs and hypertension remained underdetermined. In our study, 8509 Chinese adults investigated from 2004 to 2011 were included. Dietary information collection and physical examinations were performed at baseline and each timepoint of follow-up. As we found, inverse associations of MUFA17, MUFA18 and MUFA20 with hypertension were statistically significant after adjustments, hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.87, 0.90 and 0.91, respectively. MUFA15 was positively associated with hypertension, with an HR of 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.12). By performing principal component analysis (PCA) to estimate the joint effects of MUFAs on hypertension, the PCA score of MUFAs was only inversely associated with blood pressure. No joint effect was observed in g-computation analyses. Both linear and nonlinear interactions of MUFAs on their associations with hypertension were estimated using restricted cubic spline analysis. The association between MUFA15 and hypertension was interacted by MUFA17, and the association between MUFA20 and hypertension was interacted by MUFA18. The mediation effects of body mass index and waist circumference were found on associations of hypertension with MUFA15, MUFA17 and MUFA20. Our findings suggested that associations with hypertension were different among individual MUFAs, and mutual interactions existed, implying that the utility of individual MUFAs might be recommended for estimating relationships between MUFAs and diseases. Moreover, fat accumulation might potentially underlie associations between MUFAs and hypertension.

Generational differences in overweight and obesity among Chinese adult resident

To analyze the generational differences in overweight/obesity prevalence and central obesity prevalence among Chinese adult residents aged 20 years and above at the same ages. A total of 38 908 healthy adult residents aged 20 years and above from "the China Health and Nutrition Survey" in 1991, 2000, 2009, and 2018 were selected for this study. Based on age at the time of the survey, the study subjects were divided into 6 age groups(20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥70 years old) corresponding to 9 different generations of births in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 generations, respectively. All analyses were stratified by sex. A chi-square test was used to compare generational differences in overweight/obesity and central obesity at similar ages in populations born in different generations. Non-parametric tests were used to compare generational differences in BMI and waist circumference. (1) Body mass index(BMI), overweight/obesity rate, waist circumference, and central obesity rate showed unfavorable generational differences(P<0.0001) among different generations of residents at similar ages. BMI, overweight/obesity prevalence, waist circumference, and central obesity prevalence were higher in the younger generation. Overweight/obesity and central obesity occurred at an earlier age in the younger generation. (2) Generational differences in overweight/obesity rates and central obesity rates followed gender specificity. Unfavorable generational differences(P<0.0001) occurred in overweight/obesity as well as central obesity between the two oldest generations of females, with maximum differences of 15.5% and 8.0%. Unfavorable generational differences(P<0.0001) occurred in overweight/obesity between the two adjacent generations of men and in central obesity between the two youngest generations of men, with maximum differences of 19.5% and 17.0%. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity among Chinese adults showed unfavorable generational differences. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity was higher in the younger generation. The younger generation develops overweight/obesity at an earlier age.

RETRACTION: The Intergenerational Income Mobility of Chinese Urban and Rural Residents Based on Big Data Technology.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/6230617.].

Research on impact factors of Chinese urban residents' voluntary carbon-reducing behaviour based on the moderating role of flexible nudging

Research on impact factors of Chinese urban residents' voluntary carbon-reducing behaviour based on the moderating role of flexible nudging

Application of Delphi method in the revision of dietary quality index in the elderly

To revise the dietary evaluation method of the elderly, and scientifically evaluate the dietary quality. Delphi method was used to revise a diet quality evaluation method for the elderly according to expert consultation and statistical analysis. The recommended recipes in The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016) were selected for preliminary verification. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted, 25 experts in the industry were invited. The withdraw rate of two rounds were 100% and 84%, respectively. The authoritative coefficient were 0.82 and 0.80, the degree of familiarity was 0.92, and the basis for determination were 0.73 and 0.70, respectively. The coordination coefficient W value were 0.095 and 0.098 respectively. Delphi method had some advantages in the revision of dietary index for the elderly. Dietary quality index had some practicability, but it still needs further verification and improvement.