Chinese Primary School Teachers Research Articles

Research on the Cultivation of Primary School Chinese Core Literacy from the Perspective of Information Technology Media

In 2024, Huai Jinpeng, secretary of the Party Group and Minister of the Ministry of Education, pointed out in his speech at the National Education Conference that we should "strengthen the reform and innovation of education and teaching, and constantly explore and practice new teaching methods and means". Nowadays, cultivating primary school students' Chinese core quality has become an important direction of primary school Chinese classroom reform, the core of which lies in cultivating students' individual cognition and application ability of Chinese. Based on this, this paper breaks down the cultivation concept of primary Chinese core quality into individualized learning orientation, teaching orientation of students' subjectivity and feedback mode of multiple evaluation. The paper deeply integrates the use of information technology media with primary school Chinese teaching, and puts forward the cultivation mode of primary school Chinese core quality under the vision of information technology media. This model includes three parts: deep interaction of teaching and research, flipped classroom learning model, multiple evaluation and intelligent data management, in order to help the reform of the primary school Chinese core literacy training model.

Research on primary school Chinese teaching under the guidance of core literacy

In the research of primary school Chinese teaching under the guidance of core literacy, it can be seen that the educational circle has an in-depth discussion and research on how to effectively cultivate students' Chinese core literacy. The concept of core literacy emphasizes the students in the language construction and use, thinking development and promotion, aesthetic appreciation and creation, cultural understanding and dissemination of all-round development, this idea requires teachers in the teaching process not only teach basic language knowledge and ability, but also to the students' thinking ability, correct values and individual emotional experience.

Psychometric properties of the Range and Differentiation of Emotional Experience Scale among Chinese teachers

The Range and Differentiation of Emotional Experience Scale (RDEES) is a useful assessment of individual differences in emotional complexity. We recruited 721 Chinese primary and middle school teachers to examine the psychometric properties of the RDEES for use with this population. The results supported a two-factor model, comprising the range of emotional experience and the differentiation of emotional experience. The Chinese version of the RDEES showed a significant correlation with the Chinese version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale. Internal consistency coefficients ranged from .58–86 and test‐retest reliability ranged from .59â–“.66. Therefore, the Chinese version of the RDEES can be used for measuring emotional complexity in Chinese primary and middle school teachers.

Teachers' Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment: A Moderated Mediation Model of Teachers' Psychological Well-Being and Principal Transformational Leadership.

Given the global challenge of increasing teacher attrition and turnover rates, the exploration of factors and mechanisms that improve teachers' organizational commitment has become a pivotal topic in educational research. In this context, the present study examines the influence of teachers' emotional intelligence on their organizational commitment, with a specific inquiry into the mediating role of teachers' psychological well-being and the moderating role of principal transformational leadership, as informed by the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and the trait activation theory. We verified this study's hypotheses based on 768 valid questionnaires collected from Chinese primary and secondary school teachers. The results reveal that teachers' emotional intelligence can predict their organizational commitment both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of psychological well-being. Additionally, principal transformational leadership amplifies the positive effect of teachers' emotional intelligence on psychological well-being and, subsequently, organizational commitment. These findings theoretically deepen our understanding of the psychological pathways and the boundary conditions linking teachers' emotional intelligence to their organizational commitment, while also offering valuable practical implications for building a stable and effective teaching workforce.

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the digital competence of educators among Chinese primary and secondary school teachers

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the digital competence of educators among Chinese primary and secondary school teachers

Professional identity and development of Chinese primary school teachers

Professional identity and development of Chinese primary school teachers

Unleashing digital superheroes: Unravelling the empathy factor in digital competence and online teacher autonomy support

AbstractConsiderable research has been dedicated to studying teachers' digital competence, yet limited insights have been gained regarding its impact on online teacher autonomy support. Based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, this study utilized a multiple regression analysis model to explore how teachers' digital competence affects online teacher autonomy support. Drawing on data from 652 Chinese primary school teachers, the study revealed that teachers' digital competence positively influenced online teacher autonomy support via teachers' cognitive empathy. Teachers' emotional empathy strengthened the direct effect of cognitive empathy on online teacher autonomy support, and its indirect effect on teachers' digital competence on online teacher autonomy support. The findings inform TPACK framework development and practical considerations in online teaching, deepening understanding of the impact of digital competence on online teacher autonomy support.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Previous research has recognized the importance of teachers' digital competence in supporting learners' autonomy and enhancing their online learning experiences. Existing studies have explored different dimensions of teachers' digital competence, including technological proficiency, pedagogical knowledge and content expertise. Studies have also examined the role of empathy in online teaching and learning, emphasizing its importance in fostering positive teacher–student relationships and promoting student engagement and motivation. What this paper adds This study introduces digital competence as a novel and comprehensive assessment of technology integration in teaching, bridging an existing gap in the literature. This study recognizes the importance of socio‐emotional skills in online teaching by including teachers' empathic traits within the expanded TPACK framework. Teachers' cognitive empathy acts as a mediator and emotional empathy functions as a moderator in the relationship between digital competence and online teacher autonomy support, offering new insights into the underlying mechanisms. Implications for practice and/or policy Teacher educators should find ways to support teachers' digital competence in facilitating learners' autonomy in online learning environments effectively. Teacher educators should incorporate teacher empathy development into teachers' professional development programmes for online teaching, offering tailored interventions to differentiate and enhance both cognitive and emotional empathy.

Chinese Primary School Teachers’ Perceptions of Social Media-Based Microlearning for Improving Students’ English-Speaking Abilities

Aim/Purpose: This study aimed to identify primary school teachers’ perceptions of leveraging social media-based microlearning to improve students’ English-speaking abilities. Background: The value of social media as an effective educational tool for English language learning has been recognized by educators in higher education in China. However, there is a lack of investigation into primary school teachers’ perceptions of using social media to improve English in China, especially English speaking, which has long been a weak component for Chinese EFL learners. Microlearning, as an effective learning approach for training, has been effectively adopted in various fields. Therefore, exploring the Chinese primary school teachers’ perceptions of social media-based microlearning to improve students’ English-speaking abilities may contribute to innovative learning for EFL speaking. Methodology: This study served as a case study, particularly a single-case design, in investigating how in-service Chinese primary school teachers perceived the role of social media-based microlearning in improving students’ speaking skills. Data was gathered through an online qualitative survey and analyzed via Thematic Analysis using NVivo 14. Twenty participants were recruited through convenience sampling from a primary school in Chengdu, Sichuan, in southwest China. Contribution: This study contributed to the awareness of using social media-based technologies to improve Chinese college students’ English-speaking abilities by providing the teachers’ perspectives. Findings: The analysis yielded several subthemes for the six primary themes, namely Disparities, Affordances, Drawbacks, Challenges, Suitable Content Types, and Helpful Suggestions. Specifically, the affordances of social media-based microlearning included Flexibility in Learning Pace, Accessibility and Convenience, Diverse Learning Resources, and Authentic Language Exposure. Additionally, there are five suitable content types: Multimedia-based Stories and Content, Practical English, Popular Channels, and Learning Skills. The analysis of drawbacks and challenges indicated that the learner-centered design of social media-based microlearning still needs improvement. Lastly, focusing on the creation of a supportive learning community, several subthemes were listed for Helpful Suggestions. Recommendations for Practitioners: The findings revealed that social media-based microlearning is a promising approach to English-language learning in primary schools. Relevant guidelines, challenges, and suggestions found in this study should also be taken into consideration for effective application. Recommendation for Researchers: For researchers in the field of instructional technology, it is essential to realize that this study primarily focuses on teachers’ perspectives in terms of the use of social media-based microlearning for learning, which means that incorporating the viewpoints of students and experts may be necessary for an in-depth needs analysis. Impact on Society: Leveraging social media-based microlearning to enhance students’ English-speaking abilities presents advantages and disadvantages. Yet the potential for effective social media-based English learning, if well designed, becomes promising. Future Research: More empirical studies investigating social media-based microlearning modules on students’ English speaking should be conducted for future research, along with integrating new technologies or teaching paradigms, such as social media-based collaborative learning.

Research on the Strategy of Integrating Patriotism Education into Primary School Chinese Teaching

Research on the Strategy of Integrating Patriotism Education into Primary School Chinese Teaching

Advantages, Disadvantages and Fusion of Multimedia Technology in Primary School Chinese Teaching

Advantages, Disadvantages and Fusion of Multimedia Technology in Primary School Chinese Teaching

Discussion on Primary School Chinese Teaching Strategy under the New Curriculum Basic Concept—Taking the Second Volume of the Fourth Grade “Sunrise over the Sea” as an Example

Discussion on Primary School Chinese Teaching Strategy under the New Curriculum Basic Concept—Taking the Second Volume of the Fourth Grade “Sunrise over the Sea” as an Example

The Application of Tao Xingzhi's Educational Thought in Primary School Chinese Teaching Reform

The Application of Tao Xingzhi's Educational Thought in Primary School Chinese Teaching Reform

The Implementation Mechanism and Effectiveness of a National Plan of a Digital Competence Training Program for Chinese Primary and Secondary School Teachers

This study investigated the implementation and effectiveness of a national plan for a digital competence training program (DCTP) aimed at Chinese teachers. A relational content analysis was performed using policy documents, observations, and assessments to identify four DCTP implementation stages. Local educational departments and training institutes were afforded a moderate degree of autonomy to organize training activities. A t-test indicated disparities in the effectiveness of training between privately funded and publicly funded institutes, with the latter demonstrating stronger assessment outcomes in certain subject areas. The study examined the advantages and disadvantages of this implementation process, proposing collaborative efforts between privately funded and publicly funded training institutions.

SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHERS' PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF GRIT: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

With the comprehensive promotion of social transformation and educational reform, Chinese primary and secondary school teachers shoulder multiple tasks, and their work pressure is increasing, and their mental health is not optimistic. If teachers are in a state of low well-being for a long time, it will certainly bring great hidden dangers to the development of China's education. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the problem of primary and secondary school teachers' psychological well-being. This study aims to propose a conceptual framework involving spiritual leadership, psychological well-being, and grit of primary and secondary school teachers on the basis of previous studies by scholars. By exploring their relationship, we can provide insights for improving primary and secondary school teachers' psychological well-being.

Cultural universality and specificity of teacher-student relationship: a qualitative study in Belgian, Chinese, and Italian primary school teachers.

Extensive evidence highlights the significant influence of dyadic, emotional teacher-student relationship (TSR) on students' cognitive functioning, socio-emotional development, and overall well-being. However, it remains unclear whether the TSR construct and its manifestations can be generalized across cultures. This qualitative study investigated TSR among 60 primary school teachers in Belgium, China, and Italy (i.e., countries with varying positions on the collectivistic-individualistic continuum of culture). Through semi-structured interviews and metatheme analysis, the study examined the similarities and differences in TSR across these countries, revealing a nuanced and diverse picture in various cultural contexts. The findings align with the existing TSR model by including dimensions of closeness, conflict, and dependency, while also extending the model to identify additional dimensions such as authority, balance, distance, fairness, increasing student motivation, patience, and strictness. Regarding cultural perspective, teachers from these three countries exhibited similar conceptualizations of closeness, conflict, fairness, increasing student motivation, patience, and strictness, whereas the conceptualization of dependency, authority, balance, and distance may be influenced by (collectivistic versus individualistic) culture. Moreover, the manifestations of TSR varied across countries, highlighting the influence of cultural factors such as cultural norms, collectivistic versus individualistic values, and the perceived legitimacy of teacher authority. These findings shed light on the complexities of TSR across countries and emphasize the significance of culturally sensitive approaches in fostering positive TSR in education.

Chinese primary school teachers’ working time allocation after the enactment of the “Double Reduction” policy: A mixed-methods study

This study uses mixed methods to explore Chinese primary school teachers’ working time allocation after the enactment of the “Double Reduction” Policy. Data were collected from 364 questionnaires and six subsequent in-depth interviews. Findings reveal that despite having brought about some benefits, the “Double Reduction” Policy has increased Chinese primary school teachers’ working time. Moreover, the teachers’ working time is unevenly allocated, with disproportionately more time devoted to subject teaching and less time devoted to professional development. As a result, the nature of the different types of Chinese primary school teachers’ working time further affect the teachers’ perceived workload and work-related stress. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers recieve greater support and time for their ongoing professional development.

Effect of cognitive attitude and affective attitude on formative assessment practice: Intention as a mediator

Despite the significance of formative assessment in the classroom, limited empirical research has been conducted on this topic in Mainland China. We investigated the relationship between formative assessment practice and both cognitive attitude and affective attitude, and explored whether the intention to implement a formative assessment would mediate this relationship. Participants were 504 Chinese primary school teachers. In this study formative assessment practice had two aspects: instructional adjustment and feedback practice. The results showed that the relationship between affective attitude and formative assessment practice was partially mediated by intention and that the relationship between cognitive attitude and formative assessment practice was fully mediated by intention. This study highlights the importance of affective attitude in practicing formative assessment and has implications for teacher training.

The Improvement Path of Primary School Students' Chinese Literacy under Diversified Reading

Reading is the key content of primary school Chinese teaching, so teachers should stimulate students 'interest in reading, deepen students' reading comprehension, optimize students 'reading effect, and finally improve students' core quality of reading. However, there are still many outstanding problems in the current reading teaching, such as students 'weak interest in reading, inappropriate reading strategies, superficial reading and teachers' disordered reading guidance. This requires primary school Chinese teachers to combine the basic situation of reading teaching, and actively explore measures to better optimize reading teaching driven by problems, so as to lay a solid foundation for the comprehensive improvement of students' reading ability and reading literacy. This article explores the path of improving primary students' Chinese literacy under diversified reading, including blank reading, stimulating reading interest, group reading, improving the quality of thinking; theme reading, light up the spiritual world; group book reading, rich life background; speculative reading, sound personality charm, and fashion reading, enriching life connotation.

The Impact of Chinese Primary School Teachers' Sense of Work Meaningfulness on Organizational Commitment: A Chain Mediation Model.

This present study aims to explore the effects of work meaningfulness on primary school teachers' self-reflection, self-efficacy and organizational commitment and their mechanisms of action. This study used a meaningfulness, self-reflection, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment measures. A total of 417 teachers from urban, rural, and mountainous elementary schools were recruited to complete the survey including the measures of work meaningfulness, self-reflection, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment. In this study, descriptive statistics were run using SPSS 26.0 and the relationship model between variables was tested with the SPSS macro program PROCESS. The study found that work meaningfulness and self-efficacy independently predicted primary school teachers' organizational commitment, but self-reflection did not significantly predict organizational commitment. It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the four studied variables of work meaningfulness, self-efficacy, self-reflection, and organizational commitment with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.24 to 0.57. The study also found that work meaningfulness can directly predict elementary school teachers' organizational commitment, and work meaningfulness can also indirectly predict elementary school teachers' organizational commitment through self-efficacy and self-reflection. The results of this study are useful for understanding the value of enhancing the organizational commitment of primary school teachers from a social cognitive perspective, and have implications for how to build a stable, high-quality and dynamic primary school teaching force.

Psychometric evaluation of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) among Chinese primary and middle school teachers

BackgroundTeachers in high-stress roles face increasing psychological distress such as anxiety and depression, underscoring the need for validated assessment instruments. Given the current absence of a comprehensive, designated, and time-efficient scale capable of evaluating depression, anxiety, and stress among the teacher population, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) presents itself as a promising alternative. Despite the widespread application of the DASS-21 for assessing psychological distress across various populations, its validity among teachers, along with questions about its factor structure and its potential property of time equivalence, remain unverified. This study endeavors to address these considerations by investigating the psychometric properties of the DASS-21 specifically within the population of Chinese primary and middle school teachers.MethodsCross-sectional (n = 9,030) and longitudinal surveys (n = 1,642) were conducted using a non-probability sampling method. In addition to the DASS-21, the Chinese version of Chinese Teachers’ Job Burnout Questionnaire (CTJBO) was utilized to evaluate the criterion validity of this scale. Three different approaches, namely confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and network analysis, were employed to evaluate internal reliability, construct validity, as well as time invariance of the DASS-21.ResultsThe DASS-21 demonstrated a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.85) as well as excellent convergent validity, despite poor discriminant validity as determined by average variance extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis and network analysis further supported convergent validity. The three-factor structure outperformed one- and two-factor alternatives, establishing time invariance. Rasch analysis at the item level identified six inappropriate items within the anxiety and stress subscales, which were subsequently removed. Network analysis presented a better revised network. Regression analysis with emotional exhaustion as the criterion provided logical and accurate results.ConclusionThe DASS-21 was found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring the mental health of teachers over time. To assess the instrument’s psychometric properties, a combination of confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and network analysis was utilized, which proved effective and is recommended for evaluating contentious instruments. Based on the results of the study, researchers and healthcare professionals are recommended to use the DASS-21 for assessing teachers’ psychological distress. However, certain items identified in the study may need to be removed to enhance the instrument’s appropriateness for this specific population.