Chinese President Xi Jinping Research Articles

Xi Jinping’s Political Strategy for Developing Multilateral Security Diplomacy

The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of the multilateral diplomatic policy in the feld of security by the current head of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping. To achieve this goal, the article uses the method of content analysis of the public speeches of the leader of the Chinese state, followed by a generalization and inductive analysis of the main directions of the implementation of China’s modern foreign policy. The article discusses the current directions of the foreign policy strategy of the head of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, which allows to ensure the achievement of the state’s national interests in the feld of global security. The main vectors of multilateral diplomacy of modern China and its positioning in the world community as a leading state are considered. The role of China in security issues and UN peacekeeping missions is noted. The analysis resulted in the vectors of China’s foreign policy outlined in the article to ensure global security and develop multilateral diplomatic ties from the standpoint of Chinese President Xi Jinping. Conclusions are drawn about the correspondence of the main foreign policy discourse of Xi Jinping to the values of peaceful development, and its focus on the positions of multilateralism, cooperation and mutually benefcial relations of China on a global scale.

Issues in Australian Foreign Policy January to June 2022

Issues in Australian Foreign Policy January to June 2022

The “Chinese Dream” as a discursive symbol

Abstract This study examines the political discursive construction of the “Chinese Dream” and its representations in global media by drawing on the methodological combination of the discourse-historical approach, corpus linguistics, and framing analysis. The data for analysis consists of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s official speeches and news coverage on the Chinese Dream by the China Daily, the South China Morning Post, and The New York Times for around six years (2012–2018). The analysis identified that the Chinese Dream discourse largely aims to serve toward Chinese nationalism, the reinforcement of the ruling Party’s legitimacy, and the Chinese leadership’s authority. Meanwhile, it was also found that the three media adopted different dominant frames to reshape the Chinese Dream, namely China Daily’s Chinese national-centric frame, South China Morning Post’s multiculturalist-oriented frame, and The New York Times’ US-centric “othering” frame. These news frames were tactically designed to serve their sociopolitical and ideological interests. Through corpus-assisted discourse analysis, the article aims to 1) reveal the discursive strategies and patterns of the Chinese Dream; 2) shed light on the discursive representations of the Chinese Dream in specific global media; and 3) bridge the gap between the original political discourse and its discursive reproduction in media representation.

A Strategic Base in the Global Supply Chain: Türkiye

Türkiye is becoming a new base in the global supply chain due to its geopolitical position and the cost advantages it provides. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, logistics problems, especially production and transportation costs, have further strengthened Türkiye’s position in this context. Türkiye’s strategic location, strong logistics infrastructure, costeffective and qualified workforce, along with a liberal investment climate, offer a suitable environment for international companies. Türkiye ranks well in the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index, which evaluates countries’ logistics performance in customs, transportation, and infrastructure. Türkiye has served as a bridge between the east and west since historical times. During the Seljuk period, caravanserais and other infrastructure and service areas were established in Anatolia to support commercial activities. The Silk Road, which had an important place until a certain period of the Ottoman Empire, lost its importance due to other developments. The “One Belt One Road Project” initiated by China, still in progress and planned to be completed in 2049, will make Türkiye even more important in terms of the global supply chain in the next 10 years. İpekyolu follows the northern and southern routes in Anatolia. With China’s “One Belt One Road Project”, the Silk Road will regain its former importance as the “Modern Silk Road”. Chinese President Xi Jinping fi rst mentioned the Land and Sea Silk Road project in one of his speeches in 2013. It has been decided to name these two projects as the “Belt and Road Initiative-BRI” or the “One Belt One Road-OBOR” project. The word belt constitutes the land route of the project, which includes highways, railways, oil and natural gas pipelines, and infrastructure investments. The word road includes the sea routes covered by the project. The routes of these corridors are provided by multidimensional corridors in the direction of Asia-Europe instead of a single route. Within the scope of this project, many infrastructure investments are made in Türkiye as well. In this study, the cost advantages that Türkiye will provide to the global supply chain will be evaluated due to both its cost and geographical location and the infrastructure investments made.

An Analysis of the Guidelines of China’s Unified Market

The new plan of building a national unified market was released in early 2022, indicating the urgency of breaking down local protectionism and market segmentation at the current stage of economic development. This article examines the driving forces of the new plan and the plan’s relationship with the “dual circulation” strategy proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping. It also analyses the major barriers to building a unified market and the impacts on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the short run and in the long run.

Shaping China’s Engagement with the Arctic: Nationalist Narratives and Geopolitical Reality

ABSTRACT Nationalist narratives and geopolitical reality have played an opposite role in shaping China’s engagement with the Arctic, with the former pushing it forward while the latter pushing it back. Specifically, Chinese nationalist narratives on strong feelings of love for and pride in the Chinese nation not only initiated but also facilitated China’s engagement with the Arctic. Moreover, the ‘China Dream’, an official narrative put forward by the Chinese President Xi Jinping, has driven the country to undertake proactive measures to engage with the Arctic, among others, including self-ascribing China as a ‘Near-Arctic State’ and self-designating the ‘Polar Silk Road’. In stark contrast, however, the geopolitical reality featured by Arctic countries’ policies to push back China’s activities in this region has stymied its ambition to attain great power status in the Arctic.

Chronology of Events: April 2022 to June 2022

Chronology of Events:April 2022 to June 2022 Chen Juan (bio) Resources for China–ASEAN Relations As a research institute based in Singapore, the EAI monitors developments in relations and interactions between China and the individual countries of Southeast Asia as well as the ASEAN grouping as a whole. This material is presented in the form of (i) a chronology of events and (ii) important documents. —the Editors CHINA–ASEAN RELATIONS APRIL 2022 TO JUNE 2022: CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS APRIL 2022 1st Myanmar's Foreign Minister U Wunna Maung Lwin upon invitation visits Tunxi in ChinaJs Anhui province and meets with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. The Myanmar side has expressed concerns over domestic economic difficulties. Wang suggests advancing poverty alleviation projects, starting with a batch of "small yet smart" livelihood projects. Both sides jointly inaugurate the Consulate General of Myanmar in Chongqing and exchange cooperation documents in areas such as economics, technology and agriculture. Both sides also exchange views on the South China Sea issue and the Rakhine State issue. 2nd Thai Foreign Minister Don Pramudwinai visits Tunxi and holds talks with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. The former expresses hope to expand cooperation in agricultural trade and connectivity, industrial and supply chains security, and sustainable development. Wang proposes that both sides explore conducting pilot and demonstration projects on industrial parks in Thailand. Both foreign ministers also exchange their views on the Ukraine issue. Wang briefly summarises for Pramudwinai Chinese President Xi Jinping's opinions delivered to European Union leaders on the Ukraine crisis. 3rd Philippine Foreign Minister Teodoro Locsin visits and meets with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Tunxi. They discuss the South China Sea issue, and Wang emphasises the need to eliminate interference and to properly manage differences between the Philippines and China. The Philippines side has agreed to strengthen communications. Both sides have also exchanged views on issues in Myanmar and Ukraine. 5th The 23rd ASEAN–China Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting, held online, reaffirms ASEAN's and China's commitment to further strengthen their partnership and cooperation in line with the ASEAN–China Comprehensive Strategic Partnership established in 2021. Both sides discuss the follow-up to the implementation of the comprehensive strategic partnership, such as enhancing cooperation in trade and investment through the ASEAN–China Free Trade Area and implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement. They also update the substantive progress of the ASEAN–China Plan of Action 2021–25 in cooperation in these areas such as trade and investment, digital economy, connectivity including air connectivity, clean energy and environmental protection. 8th Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte and Chinese President Xi Jinping have a telephone conversation and they officially inaugurate the Binondo–Intramuros Bridge, which is the second bridge funded by China under Duterte's "Build, Build, Build" infrastructure programme. Built at a cost of US$105.6 million, the bridge connects two busy districts in Manila city across the Pasig River and it aims to ease daily traffic congestion, catering for a daily traffic volume of 30,000 motorists. Both sides have also agreed to further enhance bilateral trade and investments, jointly address the impact of climate change and promote collaboration in the pandemic response. 14th Vietnamese Foreign Minister Bui Thanh Son and Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi speak over the telephone. Both foreign ministers share their views on the South China Sea and the consultations of the three maritime working groups of both sides. They have expressed hope to see substantive progress and advancement of maritime delimitation in the sea area outside the mouth of Gulf of Tonkin (or Beibu Gulf). They also exchange views on the Ukraine issue. 26th Malaysia's Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the People's government of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China jointly organise an inaugural online investment forum. The objective of the forum is to promote investment and business opportunities in the Malaysia–China Kuantan Industrial Park (MCKIP) and the China–Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park (CMQIP). The forum is also part of a series of events to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the CMQIP. Companies from both sides have signed 11 memoranda of understanding for future projects...

بناء مجتمع الصحة المشترك للبشرية التجربة الصينية نموذجا / Building a Community of Common Health for Mankind: The Chinese Experience as a Model

Abstract Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, humanity has been challenged in many different ways, and numerous calls for unity and international cooperation have emerged to handle the crisis and recover from its impacts. Among these calls is the Chinese President Xi Jinping’s initiative to “build a community of shared health for mankind.” This research strives to learn all about China’s role in confronting the repercussions of the pandemic at the global level, as well as its efforts to build a community of health for all. The result shows that China’s performance over the past two years has contributed, significantly, to saving human lives in China and around the globe. This result is based on reviewing China’s implementations in the face of the pandemic, on several levels: the research examines China’s success in combating the pandemic, its combined efforts with the World Health Organization and the scientific community, its efforts in the field of humanitarian aid, as well as its efforts in the international cooperation to produce the vaccine and provide it for the public. This research also sheds light on the two-year-long collaboration between China and Arab countries as a model for cooperation between nations in times of crisis.

National Image Construction of New Year Addresses by Xi Jinping from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor: A Corpus-based Study

The New Year Addresses by Chinese President Xi Jinping has the function of conveying New Year’s blessings and constructing a national image. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory of cognitive linguistics, this study selects the English version of New Year Addresses by President Xi Jinping from 2014 to 2021 as the research corpus and adopts the method of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis to identify the distribution of conceptual metaphors in the New Year Addresses and what kind of national image has been constructed by the main conceptual metaphor types. It is found that President Xi Jinping’s New Year Addresses mainly constructs the national image through the use of journey metaphor, construction metaphor, war metaphor, and personification metaphor. China’s image is political integrity, full of vitality, committed to world peace, and making a greater contribution to humanity.

Restrictions on Freedom of Expression Under Chinese President Xi Jinping in the Globalization Era

Much literature has highlighted the current Chinese government’s restriction on freedom of expression on the internet and religious freedom. However, very little research has examined the nexus between freedom of expression in China and globalization. This article aims to offer a view on President Xi Jinping’s increasing autocracy over the freedom of expression and its implications on China’s performance in this globalizing world. A qualitative approach was utilized in this study and data were collected via library research. It was found that China’s increasing autocracy under Xi Jinping, as shown in its tightening controls on online freedom of expression and rules on religious freedom, has created a setback for China’s participation in globalization. This argument lies in two basic assumptions. Firstly, the spirit of globalization enables people to interact around the globe more freely in any way, while China’s government restricts such interaction. Secondly, as a significant global player, China shows little respect for the freedom of religion. Accordingly, it violates the globalization of religious liberty, which is considered a universal human right in the 21st century. KEYWORDSChina; freedom of expression; globalization; religious freedom

A Geocultural Power Competition in UNESCO’s Silk Roads Project: China’s Initiatives and the Responses From Japan and South Korea

Since Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, China has increasingly engaged in UNESCO’s Silk Roads project. China’s emphasis on its western routes signals its strategic interest in the reconstruction of its historical connections that matches China’s global networking in Eurasia, the Middle East, and Europe. However, whether China will successfully reformulate the international visions of the past, present, and future for its benefit remains an open question. This article focuses on the responses from Japan and South Korea, both of which hold critical positions as the owners of eastern Silk Roads heritage and the funders of UNESCO’s Silk Roads heritage studies and World Heritage nomination assistance. Extending the conceptual framework of memory infrastructure to the study of heritage politics and diplomacy highlights the competitive aspect of a transnational heritage project in shaping and reshaping historical and contemporary geographical landscapes.

Chinese President’s Visit to Nepal and Consolidation of Relations of Two Countries

This paper explores Chinese President Xi Jinping’s Nepal visit and its significance in diplomatic relations between the two countries. Drawing information from the secondary sources, this paper provides a brief overview and analysis of the Nepal-China relation, high-level visits between the two countries and Xi Jinping’s new diplomacy of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The paper argues that President Xi’s visit to Nepal on 13 October 2013 following his visit to India should be taken as part of his new diplomacy rather than the continuation of the tradition of exchanging high-level visits between the two countries. During this visit, Nepal and China signed a 20-point comprehensive agreement. In his statement, President Xi mentioned that China will help Nepal to get transformed from a ‘landlocked’ to a ‘land-linked’ country. For that purpose, he put forward the modality of Trans-Himalayan Multi-Dimensional Connectivity Network as a way out. Xi has expressed the commitment to opening up further new entry points between China and Nepal for enhancing connectivity between the two countries. President Xi announced financial help of around 56 billion rupees to Nepal between 2020 and 2022. The recent developments, with careful and timely implementation, have the potentiality of opening new geopolitical, regional, and economic opportunities for Nepal.

CONTEMPORARY GEOPOLITICS OF EURASIA AND THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping launched the Belt and Road Initiative. This modern initiative aims to revive the ancient Silk Road and connect China with many neighboring and distant countries and economic blocs. China invests mainly in infrastructure by developing a network of land and maritime roads, facilitating communication, trade and transportation. The various projects under this initiative will make China a leader in international trade and an attractive region for giant partners. This paper analyzes the Chinese presence in Eurasia after the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative and the contemporary geopolitics of Eurasia in light of the great Chinese expansion. This study contributes to clarifying the China-Central Asia relationship and represents this relationship within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. This study is based on data issued by governmental institutions and international research centers, which makes it an important reference in Central Asian studies. This paper concluded that the Belt and Road Initiative will have a significant impact on the economy of Central Asia and its geopolitical position through the great Chinese openness and dependence on Central Asia in China’s regional and international trade. The paper also discusses the Sino-Russian contrast that may arise with the Chinese penetration into Central Asia.

The effects of government political visits on sustainability of energy enterprises: evidence from rare earth companies in China

ABSTRACT Against the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction, we use Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to rare earth companies as an exogenous event to investigate market investors’ pursuit effect, on 11 rare earth companies. We find that (1) Xi’s visit had an important signal effect, causing abnormal fluctuations in the stock prices and a significantly positive cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) of the 11 companies . (2) After government political visits (GPV), firms located in developing regions, younger firms, firms with poor historical performance, and firms with high ownership concentration can generate higher cumulative excess returns than those in developed regions, more established firms, firms with better financial performance, and firms with lower ownership concentration. (3) Our findings can be interpreted from two perspectives: the information asymmetry between market investors and enterprises and the signal effects of GPV. Finally, we discuss policy recommendations from the perspective of information transfer and securities analysts.

On the Notion of “Peaceful Rise” and its Value Orientations: Some Views from China

As Chinese President Xi Jinping assesses, the entire world is now facing unprecedented changes not seen before in hundreds of years. In this respect, China has in recent years increasingly turned to its tradition, including philosophical concepts of ancient thinkers and traditional values, to draw on its own historical experience in the search for new formulas and ways of building (or rebuilding) a world order, as well as to promote its “peaceful rise”. In this article author attempts to find answers to the question, “What is meant by China's peaceful rise?” in the writings of Chinese scholars. It briefly outlines the ongoing debate on the essence of China's peaceful rise, and hence the experts' views on what impact the Chinese rise may have on the world order as a whole. The paper pays attention to the question of value orientations in this process by analyzing a number of new so-called Chinese theories of international relations and foreign policy. Examples touched upon include the theory of the “celestial” system, the theory of “moral realism”, and the theory of new cosmopolitanism, the development of which takes into account the essential need of modern China at the international level. In particular, their role for the construction of the community of destiny of mankind both on the theoretical and practical foreign policy level is also studied. As the main conclusion, it is noted that China today is gradually moving along the specific path, the essence of which is reflected in the four idioms put forward by Fei Xiaotong. Adhering to this path, China takes various opportunities and occasions to show the world which way it will develop under the guidance of values emanating from the depths of Chinese history and culture. Author is grateful to Prof. A.N. Karneev and T. Kuznetsova for constructive comments on the article's content and editing.

Negotiating Trade in Services with China from the Uruguayan Perspective

We focus on trade in services, and we aim at assessing the concessions made by China when negotiating trade agreements. Additionally, we shed light on the opportunities that Uruguay may have in exporting services to China in case of signing a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The debate on this issue started in 2016 when Uruguayan President Vázquez visited China and with Chinese President Xi Jinping raised the possibility of signing a FTA. Since then, opposing arguments have been put forward. Unfortunately, the lack of bilateral information on trade in services is a limitation for this kind of studies. It is highlighted that there will be additional large gains which would emerge from trade in goods, cooperation or investments.

The Effectiveness of Xi Jinping’s Metaphorical Discourse in Cross-Cultural Communication

Metaphor is not only a linguistic and rhetorical phenomenon, but also an important cognitive and thinking mode, which plays an important role in the formation of human conceptual system. Conceptual metaphor theory holds that metaphor is the foundation of human conceptual system and the essence of metaphor is the mental mapping from source domain to target domain on the basis of similarities. In recent years, more and more metaphorical expressions can be found in Chinese President Xi Jinping’s speeches, which have attracted wide attention of the researchers. This paper aims at exploring the effectiveness of Xi Jinping’s metaphorical discourse from the perspective of cross-cultural communication. The study shows that the use of metaphor in political discourse helps to bring about novelty, break cultural barriers, enhance cultural identity, so as to enhance cross-cultural understanding and promote the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication. Conceptual metaphor provides an effective perspective for the study of political discourse, and also provides a new perspective for constructing China’s communication discourse system to the foreign countries in the world.

Laser Challenge of China

Chinese President Xi Jinping, at a meeting with delegates of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) during the last session of the National People's Congress (NPC), demanded the introduction of scientific discoveries and innovative technologies in the army. Xi Jinping noted that new technologies are the key to modernizing the Armed Forces. The Chinese leader discussed with the military how to achieve the goals set in the field of national defense and army development and the implementation of the 13th five-year plan for the development of the armed forces. It is safe to say that Laser Weapons (LW) are on the agenda of China/1/

The Political Economy of China’s Strategic Layout in Europe: A Case Study of the Belt and Road Initiative

Following with the rise of China’s economic power, it has been thinking about increasing its political power and influence in the world. Under this consideration, the “One Belt and One Road” (OBOR) initiative was proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 when he visited Kazakhstan in September and Indonesia in October, the two countries who represent landlocked and maritime nations. From China’s strategic perspective, by means of the OBOR initiative, China not only can promote its trade and economic growth with countries along the routes, but also can disseminate China’s values and soft power. This therefore can deeply connect China with Asia, Africa and Europe and greatly strengthen China’s position and influence on the global stage. However, not every country welcomes China’s grand strategy and its well-designed layout in the regions. Thus, this article wants to use Europe as the example to explore China’s strategic considerations and layout in Europe by the OBOR projects, and also the attitudes and responses of Europe to China. It will be concluded with some suggestions.

Belt and Road Initiative alias Chinese Dream: How Are the Cards Dealt for This Game?

An old Chinese proverb says, “if you want to be rich, build a path”. The People’s Republic of China (from now on, China) has already verified this proverb’s validity in the old Silk Road. The oldest and most famous trade route in history has managed to help China and the surrounding region reach an imaginary peak in its time. Today, after centuries of unrest, wars, economic decline, and international isolation, China is once again building a path to help it return to the world’s most developed nations, the New Silk Road, respectively the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI has been defined as “the most eye-catching and possibly the one with the longest-term significance” (Ferdinand, 2017) [“Westward Ho — The China Dream and ‘One Belt, One Road’: Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping,” in Weiqing Song, ed., China’s Relations with Central and Eastern Europe: From “Old Comrades” to New Partners (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 1–18]. The Silk Road project was introduced in 2013 by the Chinese President Xi Jinping in response to the economic crisis and the subsequent effort to find new markets and trading partners. The BRI restores the idea of the ancient Silk Road. The BRI is thus the result of a changed approach to foreign policy and the idea of opening up China. However, this policy cannot be perceived only as economic cooperation, but a well-thought-out Chinese foreign policy to expand its influence not only in Asia. The Sinocentric view of the world is thus one of the fundamental aspects of Chinese foreign policy formation. What will the country have to deal with in the future and, above all, what can we expect from China? This paper aims to provide insights into the visions proposed by the BRI, i.e. to capture the main milestones in the current development of the BRI, detailed analysis of its nature, and its current situation and implementation.