Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry Research Articles

中国生物医药产业园投融资规划设计—以武汉光谷生物城为例

本文从国家“十二五”规划的相关政策出发，对生物医药产业投融资规划的文献进行了评述，对中国生物医药产业的发展现状、投融资现状进行了系统的梳理，最后以武汉光谷生物城生物医药产业园为例，提出了一个具体可行的投融资规划设计方案。 This paper from the relevant policies of the Chinese “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”, reviewed the re-search on financing investment and biological pharmaceutical industry, studied the current situation of the development of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, and the financing status systematically. Finally we give a case on biological medicine Industry Park of Wuhan Optics Valley, and then put forward a practical financing plan.

Duality or Specialization: The Innovation Performance and the Interaction between Science-Based Innovation and Technology-Based Innovation

This paper examines the impact of the interaction between science-based innovation and technology on innovation performance by using patent data. To do so, we introduce the “Enterprise-Science Correlation Index (ESCI)” and “Enterprise-Technology Correlation Index (ETCI)” based on duality theory. Then we divide Chinese pharmaceutical industry listed companies into duality organization, specialization organization (science-based and technologybased) and other organizations. Three substantive conclusions are as follows. First, both science-based innovation and technology-based innovation have significant positive impact on innovation performance in both duality organizations and specialization organizations. Second, the interaction between science-based innovation and technology-based innovation has a significant positive impact on innovation performance in duality organizations. Third, the interaction between science-based innovation and technology-based innovation has a significant negative impact on innovation performance in specialization organizations.

Research on Stock Adjustment Model of Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry in the Reforming Process of Mixed Ownership

The aim of Chinese pharmaceutical industry restructuring and upgrading is to achieve the transformation from incremental expansion to the stock adjustment road. As the mail strength of industrial restructuring, pharmaceutical companies of state-owned and state-holding are the main object of pharmaceuticals industry mixed ownership reforms. Basing on the analyzing of mixed ownership reforming process and industry restructuring, the paper discussed the impacting factors of Chinese pharmaceutical restructuring with the empirical analysis of Panel Data model. Result display that the state-owned companies perform the more quantity, extensive mode of production, which need the stock adjustment model. Restructuring road include the incremental and stock adjusting, micro-stock adjusting, social capital participating and state-owned capital exchange building.

Chinese manufacturing industry development strategy from the financial perspective

Purpose – Based on literature review, the purpose of this paper is to design a comprehensive evaluation system for pharmaceutical industry from the financial perspective, and then analyses the development strategy of Chinese pharmaceutical industry according to the data of listed companies. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses the development strategy of Chinese pharmaceutical industry through building the grey dominance evaluation model including absolute degree of grey incidence model and relative degree of grey incidence model. Findings – Through the analysis of the grey dominance evaluation model, the authors find that four factors including total assets turnover, quick ratio, inventory turnover and current ratio can be grouped into first grade assessment indicator when evaluating the performance of Chinese pharmaceutical industry. These four indexes contain the concept of operational efficiency which shows that operation capability is the key to support the development of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, needing to be highly valued when organizations making business policy. When it comes to velocity of development, the contribution of R & D intensity is relatively small, which shows innovation ability of China’s pharmaceutical industry is still weak. Innovation is the lifeblood of enterprise development, needing to be improved to promote enterprise’s core competitiveness in the future development. Originality/value – This paper selects Y1-Y7 as the performance evaluation system of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, while X1-X15 as performance evaluation index system from the financial perspective, which indicated that the evaluation system is scientific and practical. The empirical result shows that the operation capability makes the largest contribution to the performance of China’s pharmaceutical industry, while R & D ability and the enterprise core competitive ability are weak.

Dr. Jia-Xiang Shen: a pioneer of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry.

Dr. Jia-Xiang Shen: a pioneer of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry.

To optimize the concentrate process of Danshen injection by nanofiltration technique

Objective To optimize the concentrate process of Danshen injection. Methods The concentration changes of Salvianic acid A sodium, Protocatechuic aldehyde and Salvianolic acid B were selected as indexes to compare mospheric concentrate, vacuum concentrate, nanofiltration concentrate and nanofiltration-vacuum coupling concentrate methods with HPLC. Results Phenolic acid composition changed when atmospheric and vacuum concentrate method were used. Retention rate of three phenolic acids were over 93% after nanofiltration concentration, but the concentration efficiency was limited by solution viscosity. Nanofiltration-vacuum coupling concentrate methods could solve the above problems, meanwhile, retention rate of three phenolic acids were over 91%. Conclusions Nanofiltration technology takes advantage in medicine extraction concentrate with heat sensitive ingredients, and its application prospect in traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical industry would be broad. Key words: Dan shen zhu she ye; Nanofiltration; Concentrate process; Technology improving (TCD)

A Newsvendor with Priority Classes and Shortage Cost

We consider an extension of the standard newsvendor problem by allowing for multiple classes of customers. The product is first sold to customers with the highest priority, and the remaining units (if any) are sold at a discounted price to customers in decreasing order of priority until all classes of customers have been served, limited only by the available stock. Unsold items, if any, have a salvage value. The demands of different priority customers are independent random variables with known probability distributions. The problem is to find the purchase quantity that maximizes the expected profit. We show that this problem actually reduces to the standard newsvendor problem with the demand distribution being a mixture of the input demand distributions. Since this mixture of distributions is typically hard to handle analytically, we propose a simple general heuristic which can be implemented using different types of distributions. Some of these implementations produce near optimal solutions. We tested these implementations for the case of two demand classes of customers and found that they outperform previously published heuristics in almost all instances. We suggest applications for this model in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry, apparel industry, and perishable goods among others. We also propose an extension involving shortage cost.

Exploring the International Connectivity of Chinese Inventors in the Pharmaceutical Industry

This paper explores the integration of emerging countries into the global system of innovation, as a channel for their technological catch-up. Using data on the innovative activity in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry, we analyze the geographic dispersion of inventor networks linked to China, as a function of the characteristics of the innovative actors that coordinate their inventive work.

Status of Anti-Lung Cancer Drug Patents Applications in China from 2003 to 2012

During the past 10 years, dramatic progress has been made in the development of effective lung cancer drugs in China. However, little is known about their patents. To summarize and analyze lung cancer patents or potential drug candidates issued in China over the last 10 years, and thus help researchers and developers to understand the current situation and potential candidates of lung cancer drug patents in China. Data were obtained from China Intellectual Property Right Net (CNIPR), a website maintained by the Intellectual Property Publishing House (IPPH) subordinate to the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO), and analyzed by bibliometric methods. A total of 707 lung cancer drug patents have been granted in China over the past 10 years. These patents include synthetic compounds, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), combinations of synthetic compounds and TCM, biological products and medical apparatus. Current TCM approaches focus primarily on alteration of natural product rather than whole herb treatments, and there is an effort to modify TCM components and natural products to achieve optimal cancer targeting effects. The patents on synthetic lung cancer drug compounds in China mainly focus on well-known targets, such as EGFR, which comprises 93% of patents for validated targets. There has been a surge in lung cancer patents filed in China in recent years due to advancements in the Chinese pharmaceutical industries, improved practices that protect intellectual property rights, and a growing demand for lung cancer drugs. Therefore, there are great opportunities for obtaining lung cancer drug patents, particularly patents on active ingredients from TCM in China.

The Structure of Competition: How Competition Between One’s Rivals Influences Imitative Market Entry

This paper investigates how the pattern of encounters between a firm’s competitors affects the firm’s inclination to follow its competitors into a new market. We theorize that direct encounters between a firm’s rivals lead to a herding effect, making imitative market entry more likely. Past mutual forbearance between a firm’s competitors (resulting from asymmetric multimarket competition) further strengthens this herding effect, by enhancing the firm’s expectations of market attractiveness. In contrast, aggressive past rivalry between the competitors (resulting from symmetric multimarket contact) dampens these expectations, producing a competition effect that makes herding less probable. We test our idea in two distinct contexts—the Chinese pharmaceutical industry and the Taiwanese computer hardware industry—and find consistent support in both settings. We discuss how our analysis of what we call the “structure of competition” can be extended to research on other forms of firm behavior.

Analyzing the Impact of Innovation on Firm Performance in a Changing Institutional Landscape

We analyze how innovation influences firm performance ¨C both in terms of its level and its variability ¨C when undertaken in an environment characterized by significant institutional change: the Chinese pharmaceutical industry. We argue that, in such a context, developing new product innovations, given their long lead time, will frequently backfire for a firm, because by the time it launches the new product the performance landscape will often have changed. Our results confirm that this harms a firm's financial performance. By contrast, firms that license innovative products or imitate them from foreign companies often do increase their profitability as a result, because they can select them at a time when the relevant performance landscape is clearer. Our findings on how product innovation influences the variance of a firm's profitability lend further credence to our theory.

Ecopharmacovigilance: Current state, challenges, and opportunities in China

In a context of severe pharmaceutical pollution, “ecopharmacovigilance” (EPV) has been an area of novel interest. It aims to ensure that significant environmental issues associated with pharmaceuticals in the environment are identified in a timely way, and managed appropriately. EPV has become a research hotspot as a comprehensive and boundary science in Europe and North America, and regulatory requirements governing the comprehensive environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pharmaceuticals exist in these regions. A speedy Chinese pharmaceutical industry development and drug consumption, China should shoulder more international responsibility and contribute to the worldwide EPV. Compared to the west, EPV in China is in its infancy. We analyzed the current state of EPV-related practice in China and found that many efforts have been made by the Chinese government and specialists to control the ever-worsening environmental pharmaceutical pollution problems, including consummating related policies and regulations, revealing the occurrence and behavior of pharmaceutical residues in environment and developing new technologies to improve their removal performance. Besides, we posed some recommendations on appropriate EPV implementation that can be taken with China in future. These include, building perfect laws and regulation system on EPV, defining the evaluation index for EPV, continuing the clinical rational medication and the pharmaceutical take-back programs in China, popularizing the concept of EPV in China, and strengthening the policy-guided and scientific researches of EPV in pharmaceutical firms and academia.

Acquisition and Long-term Shareholder Value of Acquiring Firm in Chinese Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Industry: Empirical Evidence Based on Motive Information

Acquisition and Long-term Shareholder Value of Acquiring Firm in Chinese Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Industry: Empirical Evidence Based on Motive Information

Approvals of Pharmaceutical Drugs in China in the Post-Drug Registration Regulation II Era.

To delineate the impact of the revised Drug Registration Regulation (DRR II) issued in 2007 on drug approval in China and reveal the change in approval situations for new drugs and generic drugs in the post-DRR II era (2007-2011). Data of drug approvals were collected from the database of the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) and were analyzed by introducing 3 ratio indicators and utilizing statistical analysis tools. In the post-DRR II era, the drug approvals showed a general trend of the following: (1) a statistically significant rise in both the absolute number and proportion of new drugs, (2) a nonsignificant change for drugs in new dosage forms, and (3) a statistically significant drop in both the absolute number and proportion of generic drugs. On the other hand, Class 1 (new chemical entities) drugs accounted for an extremely small proportion in new drugs. Except for the rise in gastrointestinal and cardiovascular new drugs, no significant changes were found in other therapeutic categories. Thanks to the DRR II, the aberration in Chinese drug registration has been terminated. Approvals for new drugs and high-quality generics are the main trends. Because of the severe paucity of Class 1 drugs, innovation and collaboration will be the main 2 themes for the Chinese pharmaceutical industry as well as the upcoming version of the DRR III in the near future.

Application of bioinformatics in study of Chinese medicine resources

In the late 20th century, the rapid development of life sciences resulted masses of biological data, in which laws of life sciences urgently needed to be excavated. Together with the progress of computer science and technology, bioinformatics was born. Chinese medicinal resources, especially the plant resources, are the basis for the development of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry. As a new discipline and important life science research tools, bioinformatics applied rapidly in the study of Chinese medicine resources and involved in different aspects of genomics in recent years. Bioinformatics provides a new research approach to reveal the biological principles, methods and techniques and powerful tools of excavation, at the same time it is speeding researches in the field of Chinese medicine resources and the development of the industry. This article summarizes a comprehensive collection of bioinformatics application data in the study of Chinese medicine resources, prospects the application in Chinese medicine resources, and provides a basis bioinformatics information for the study of Chinese medicine resources.

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Chinese medicine is a historic cultural legacy of China. It has made a significant contribution to medicine and healthcare for generations. The development of Chinese herbal medicine analysis is emphasized by the Chinese pharmaceutical industry. This study has carried out the experimental analysis of ten kinds of Chinese herbal powder including Fritillaria powder, etc., based on the photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) method. First, a photoacoustic spectroscopy system was designed and constructed, especially a highly sensitive solid photoacoustic cell was established. Second, the experimental setup was verified through the characteristic emission spectrum of the light source, obtained by using carbon as a sample in the photoacoustic cell. Finally, as the photoacoustic spectroscopy analysis of Fritillaria, etc., was completed, the specificity of the Chinese herb medicine analysis was verified. This study shows that the PAS can provide a valid, highly sensitive analytical method for the specificity of Chinese herb medicine without preparing and damaging samples.

Experimental Study on Chinese Pharmacy Wastewater Treated by Two-Phase Anaerobic

The performance of two-phase anaerobic in a laboratory-scale operating on traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry wastewater at various hydraulic retention times was investigated. The wastewater with high pollutant concentration in reactor designed based on two-phase anaerobic principles was analyzed with GC-MS. The effect of controlling the pH of the methanogonic phase of traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry wastewater digestion on the biogas production rate and pollution potential reduction was also investigated. The reactor was designed to act as a liquid-solid separator, in order to maximize the microbial mass in it, and was operated at different hydraulic retention times. It operated as a two-phase reactor when the pH of the wastewater was controlled in the methanogenic phase. The results of experiment indicate that acidifier discomposes compounds composed of big molecule were degraded into small acid molecule which is more subject to biochemical treatment, and after the final treatment of reactor producing methane, species and contents of compound contained in treated wastewater are obviously reduced.

The Risk Comparison Between Large Enterprises and SMEs on Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry: Based on the Solvency Indicators

The development of Medium and small enterprises (SMEs) in China are facing many difficulties to overcome its economic contradictions and problems. Financing will bear the brunt. As the SME’s own characteristics, which is small and the controllable resources are scarcer, often are growing rapidly, and require large capital investments. The current situation of SME financing is not good. The paper contributes using the basic method of statistical analysis of variance according to the research on financing difficulties of SMEs in relation to their business risks. Firstly the solvency indexes reflect the businesses are illustrated. Secondly, the paper introduces the basic principles of variance analysis and homogeneity of variance test and variance analysis of multiple comparisons. Finally the use of SPASS on the pharmaceutical industries’ solvency targets is analysed through the financial indicators related to SMEs’ finance difficult situation verified whether the risk of their operations has a significant impact. Keywords: SMEs; finance difficulty; operation risk; variance analysis; solvency abilityResume: Le developpement des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) en Chine est en train de faire face a de nombreuses difficultes pour surmonter les contradictions et les problemes economiques. Le financement fera les frais. Comme les caracteristiques propres des PME, elles sont petites, leurs ressources controlables sont plus rares, elles ont une croissance de plus en plus rapide et ont besoin de gros investissements. La situation actuelle du financement des PME n'est pas tres bonne. Le present article utilise une methode de base de l'analyse statistique de la variance en fonction de la recherche sur les difficultes de financement des PME par rapport a leurs risques d'affaires. Tout d'abord, les indices de solvabilite refletant les affaires sont illustres. Ensuite, l'article presente les principes de base de l'analyse de la variance, l'homogeneite du test de variance et l'analyse de la variance des comparaisons multiples. Enfin le SPASS a ete utilise pour analyser les objectifs de solvabilite des industries pharmaceutiques a travers les indicateurs financiers lies a des difficultes de financement des PME afin de verifier si le risque de leurs activites a un impact significatif.Mots-cles: PME; difficulte de financement; risque de fonctionnement; analyse de la variance; capacite de solvabilite

Process Characteristics Study of Organic Wastewater Treated by Two-Phase Anaerobic Biotechnology

The performance of two-phase anaerobic in a laboratory-scale operating on traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry wastewater at various hydraulic retention times was investigated. The wastewater with high pollutant concentration in reactor designed based on two-phase anaerobic principles was analyzed with GC-MS. The effect of controlling the pH of the methanogonic phase of traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry wastewater digestion on the biogas production rate and pollution potential reduction was also investigated. The reactor was designed to act as a liquid-solid separator, in order to maximize the microbial mass in it, and was operated at different hydraulic retention times. It operated as a two-phase reactor when the pH of the wastewater was controlled in the methanogenic phase. The results of experiment indicate that acidifier discomposes compounds composed of big molecule were degraded into small acid molecule which is more subject to biochemical treatment, and after the final treatment of reactor producing methane, species and contents of compound contained in treated wastewater are obviously reduced.

Allocation of Control Rights and Cooperation Efficiency in Public-Private Partnerships: Theory and Evidence from the Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry

This article uses incomplete contract theory to study the allocation of control rights in public-private partnerships (PPPs) between pharmaceutical enterprises and nonprofit organizations; it also investigates how this allocation influences cooperation efficiency. We first develop a mathematic model for the allocation of control rights and its influence on cooperation efficiency, and then derive some basic hypotheses from the model. The results of an empirical test show that the allocation of control rights influences how enterprises invest in PPPs. A proper allocation provides incentives for firms to make fewer self-interested and more public-interested investments. Such an allocation also improves the cooperation efficiency of PPPs.