Chinese Name Research Articles

A Review of Foreign Publicity Translation Research on Chinese Brand Names in the Past Decade

A Review of Foreign Publicity Translation Research on Chinese Brand Names in the Past Decade

에도 시대 후기 조정의 변화와 천황호 · 한풍시호 재흥

This article explores the transformation of the imperial court in the Late Tokugawa Era through the revival of the Chinese posthumous name (kanfū shigō ) and the title of tennō (emperor).BR The retired emperor Tomohito, who died in 1840, was given the title of “Kōkaku tennō ” (Emperor Kokaku) in 1841. It was the revival of the title of “tennō ” and the Chinese posthumous name after approximately 900 years. This is well-known in previous studies, implying that it represents the emergence of the emperor’s authority. After the death of Tomohito, Takatsukasa Masamichi, the kanpaku (chief advisor) of the time, got permission from the Tokugawa shogunate to revive the posthumous name through preliminary negotiations. The posthumous name of Tomohito was devised by the Sugawara Clan, the traditionally specialized court nobles in Chinese literature. Meanwhile, Masamichi sought advice from the Confucian scholar Ito Toho, the descendant of Itō Jinsai. The posthumous name of “Kokaku”, which was finally adopted, was also originally devised by Toho. It seems that the samples of Sugawara nobles are revised by the order of Masamichi, considering the samples submitted from Toho.BR This is an interesting example that reveals how the intellectuals outside of the imperial court were involved in court politics in Late Tokugawa Japan.

Identifying Place Names in Johan Nieuhoff’s First Dutch Embassy to China from 1655 to 1657

The paper aims to identify place names in illustration titles in John Nieuhoff’s An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China (English in 1669, Dutch in 1665). Nieuhoff’s text was very popular with the 17th century European public. After its first publication in Dutch it was translated into French, German, Latin and English and reprinted fourteen times in many European countries. In particular, his illustrations were highly appreciated because they provided realistic and vivid images of China to Europeans at a time when there had been little information about China. It had a great influence on the fever for Chinese style in Europe in the 18th century. Nieuhoff’s illustrations were frequently applied to everyday painted objects such as furniture, screens, wallpaper, textiles, and dishes. About 80% of illustrations present scenery in the area where the Dutch embassy anchored or passed by on their journey from Guangdong to Beijing. However, the place names which were transliterated into Dutch and other European languages are a major obstacle for following Nieuhoff’s travelogue. It is not easy to infer the Chinese regional names from either the Dutch or the English text. Therefore, the paper identifies Chinese regions in the text by mainly comparing Nieuhoff’s information and transliteration with Martino Martini’s Novus Atlas Sinensis (1655).

Neural similarities and differences between native and second languages in the bilateral fusiform cortex in Chinese-English bilinguals

In the field of bilingualism, researchers have proposed an assimilation hypothesis that posits that bilinguals apply the neural network of their native language to process their second language. In Chinese-English bilinguals, the bilateral fusiform gyrus has been identified as the key brain region showing the assimilation process. Specifically, in contrast to left-lateralized activation in the fusiform gyrus in native English speakers, Chinese-English bilinguals recruit the bilateral fusiform cortex to process English words as they do in the processing of Chinese characters. Nevertheless, it is unclear which type of information processing is assimilated in the fusiform gyrus. Using representational similarity analysis (RSA) and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis, this study examined the differences in information representation and functional connectivity between both languages in the fusiform subregions in Chinese-English bilinguals. Univariate analysis revealed that both Chinese and English naming elicited strong activations in the bilateral fusiform gyrus, which confirmed the assimilation process at the activation intensity level. RSA indicated that the neural pattern of English phonological information was assimilated by Chinese in the anterior and middle right fusiform gyrus, while those of orthographic and visual form information were not. Further PPI analysis demonstrated that the neural representation of English phonological information in the right anterior fusiform subregion was related to its interaction with the frontotemporal areas for high-level linguistic processing, while the neural representation of English orthographic information in the right middle fusiform subregion was linked to its interaction with the left inferior occipital cortex for visual processing. These results suggest that, despite the recruitment of similar neural resources in one's native and second languages, the assimilation of information representation is limited in the bilateral fusiform cortex. Our results shed light on the neural mechanisms of second language processing.

Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) XII: Notes on the Chinese Metriogryllacris Karny, 1937

This paper reports two new species based on new material deposited in Guangxi Normal University, namely Metriogryllacris (Metriogryllacris) obscurata sp. nov. (Chinese name: �-) and M. (M.) hamata sp. nov. (Chinese name: ). Also, the female sex of M. (M.) bimacula Yu, Liu & Bian, 2022 and male sex of M. (M.) nigrilimbis Liu & Bian, 2021 are firstly described.

Fast Screening of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge by Cell Display-Based Ligand Fishing.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge is a medicinal plant (Chinese name "Danshen") widely used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in traditional Chinese medicine. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been recognized as a potential target for insulin sensitizing for the treatment of diabetes. In this work, PTP1B was displayed at the surface of E. coli cells (EC-PTP1B) to be used as a bait for fishing of the enzyme's inhibitors present in the aqueous extract of S. miltiorrhiza. Salvianolic acid B, a polyphenolic compound, was fished out by EC-PTP1B, which was found to inhibit PTP1B with an IC50 value of 23.35 µM. The inhibitory mechanism of salvianolic acid B was further investigated by enzyme kinetic experiments and molecular docking, indicating salvianolic acid B was a non-competitive inhibitor for PTP1B (with Ki and Kis values of 31.71 µM and 20.08 µM, respectively) and its binding energy was -7.89 kcal/mol. It is interesting that in the comparative work using a traditional ligand fishing bait of PTP1B-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-PTP1B), no ligands were extracted at all. This study not only discovered a new PTP1B inhibitor from S. miltiorrhiza which is significant to understand the chemical basis for the hypoglycemic activity of this plant, but also indicated the effectiveness of cell display-based ligand fishing in screening of active compounds from complex herbal extracts.

Widely quasi-quantitative analysis of both metabolites and tryptic peptides in animal-originated medicinal materials: Bufonis Venenum as a case

It is challenging to achieve in-depth quality analysis for animal-originated medicinal materials (AMMs) owing to containing abundant metabolites and proteins. RPLC–MS/MS intrinsically bears the ability to simultaneously monitor metabolites and peptides. Hence, its potential towards merging quasi-quantitative metabolomics and tryptic proteomics characterization is therefore assessed in current study, and a well-known AMM namely Bufonis Venenum (BV, Chinese name: Chansu) was employed as a proof-of-concept. Qualitative information of metabolites was acquired by RPLC–Qtof-MS and translated to plausible structures through careful “spectrum-to-structure” analysis. Bottom-up proteomics was conducted to characterize the tryptic peptidome using nanoLC–QExactive HF orbitrap-MS. Quantitative MS/MS parameters of either metabolites (72 ones) or tryptic peptides (28 unique peptides) were optimized using online energy-resolved MS and applied to configure RPLC–selected-reaction monitoring (RPLC–SRM) program. Ultimately, SRM response of each analyte was converted to quasi-content by serially diluting a so-called universal metabolome standard (UMS) solution and building regressive calibration curve set to achieve widely quasi-quantitative metabolomics and proteomics. Although being sourced from identical species, significant differences occurred among the metabolite and protein profiles between BV and toad skins, and bufadienolides (i.e., 3-(N-adipoyl-argininyl)-gamabufotalin/isomer) along with several tryptic peptides (i.e., ISGLIYEETR sourced from Histone H4) served as the primary differential variables. Above all, RPLC–SRM is a promising analytical tool for in-depth quality evaluation of AMMs, and more importantly, the workflow described here is a fit-for-purpose pipeline to merge quasi-quantitative metabolomics and bottom-up proteomics.

One new species of Liara (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) from Guangxi

One new species of the genus Liara is described, Liara (Liara) longispina sp. nov. (Chinese name: ) from Guangxi, China. All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new species.

Diterpenoid glucosides with anti-inflammatory activity from Rubi Fructus

For centuries, dried unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese name “Fu-pen-zi”) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various diseases, commonly associated with kidney deficiency. Rubi Fructus is an edible berry suitable for consumption either directly or in the form of juice and jam. The phytochemical investigation focused on the bioactive non-nutrient ingredient from the fruit of R. chingii, especially diterpenoid compounds. Seven diterpenoid glucosides, including three new (1–3) and four known (4–7) compounds, were obtained from the fruits of R. chingii. The structures along with the absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 showed anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further, the preliminary structure–activity relationships of these active compounds have been scientifically evaluated and discussed in this study.

First report of the genus Liara (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini) from Guangxi, China with description of two new species

Based on specimens collected in 2022 and housed in the Guangxi Normal University the genus Liara is recorded from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for the first time. Two new species are described: Liara (Acanthocoryphus) axinis sp. nov. (Chinese name: ) and Liara (Liara) guangxiensis sp. nov. (Chinese name: ). We provide the morphological photographs of male phallus of Liara (Liara) shii Liu & Bian, 2021.

METHODS OF TRANSLITERATION OF CHINESE ONOMASTIC NAMES IN KAZAKH ALPHABET WITH LATIN GRAPHICS

Translation of onomastic names from one language into another or their correct spelling is one of the most important problems of linguistics and translation. This is due to the fact that onomastic names are not only linguistic units, phenomena, but also non-linguistic factors (ideological, historical, cultural, geographic, social, linguistic relations), which play a very important role in the development of relations between states and peoples. The Kazakh and Chinese languages, both genetically and typologically, belong to different language groups: one belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language group, the other to the Altai language group; typologically, one refers to isolating languages, the other to agglutinative ones. Moreover, there are significant differences in the spelling of both languages: one uses a semantic syllable and the other uses phonetic notation. The "Palladium transcription system" based on the current phonetic rules of the Russian language does not correspond to the phonetic rules of the Kazakh language. The study shows the ways and rules of transliteration of Chinese onomastic names into the Kazakh alphabet with Latin graphics.

Polygonum capitatum, the Hmong Medicinal Flora: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics.

Polygonum capitatum, known as “Tou Hua Liao” (Chinese name), is a crucial source of Hmong medicinal plants that has benefited human health for a long time. This folk-medicinal plant is widely distributed in the south-west of China for the treatment of various urologic disorders including urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, and urinary calculus. The purpose of this paper was to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical applications of this flora. Up until the end of 2022, at least 91 compounds had been reported from P. capitatum, mainly covering the classes of flavonoids, lignanoids, phenols and other components. The compounds and extracts isolated from P. capitatum exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, hypothermic, diuretic and other pharmacological effects. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses were also covered. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research on this medicinal plant were also discussed.

Antifungal, Repellency, and Insecticidal Activities of Cymbopogon distans and Ruta graveolens Essential Oils and Their Main Chemical Constituents.

Essential oils produced by Cymbopogon distans and Ruta graveolens with a similar Chinese name could be explained as book fragrance in the Chinese idiom 'shu xiang men di', namely, a wealthy intellectual family according to ancient Chinese. Therefore, volatile oils from these two plants and their main compounds were tested to explore their antifungal, repellent, and insecticide actions. In this study, the essential olis (EO) of C. distans exhibited significant antifungal activity against Rhizopus stolonifera (97 %), Mucor racemosus (97 %), and Trichoderma viride (84 %); its main compounds exhibit interesting activity, such as methyleugenol (87 %) and elemicine (85 %) against T. viride and butyl hydroxytoluene against M. racemosus (90 %) and R. stolonifera (95 %). The EO of R. graveolens and other major chemical constituents showed weak inhibitory effects against other fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum). Then, EO (C. distans and R. graveolens) and its main compounds exhibited obvious repellent activity (more than 85 %) at a concentration of 16 nL/cm2 , which was consistent with the repellency of the positive control (DEET). In terms of insecticidal activity, the mortality of C. distans volatile oil against R. padi (56.4 %) was lower than that of R. graveolens volatile oil (92.4 %), and all compounds showed weak lethal effects. These results provide a natural substance for controlling fungi and insects when storing books and that can be used as a biological pesticide for industrial production. Through our study, the book fragrance in the Chinese idiom 'shu xiang men di' was speculated to be the EO odor of C. distans.

Revision of the Diploderma fasciatum (Mertens, 1926) Complex (Reptilia: Agamidae: Draconinae)

While taxonomic research of the genus Diploderma has made considerable progress in the past decade, far less attention was given to the arboreal species in the subtropical areas. Combining mitochondrial genetic and morphological data, we evaluated the current taxonomic hypotheses of one of the subtropical, arboreal species complexes, the D. fasciatum complex, based on examination of the type series and newly collected specimens. Mitochondrial genealogy shows that D. jinggangense, D. fasciatum, and D. szechwanense together form a monophyletic group, and D. jinggangense is paraphyletic to D. szechwanense. Although there are moderate genetic divergences among populations, such divergence differences are gradual geographically. Morphological comparisons of all commonly used diagnostic characters fail to differentiate the three species. In particular, the previously proposed diagnosis, the presence of transverse gular fold, is variable in this species complex. Our data support the previous taxonomic hypothesis that D. szechwanense and D. fasciatum are synonyms, and we also add D. jinggangense as another junior synonym of D. fasciatum. With newly available specimens, we revise the diagnostic characters of D. fasciatum, describe its coloration in life, and expand its distribution in southwestern and southern China. Our discovery of D. fasciatum in Guangdong Province represents a new provincial herpetofauna record. Finally, we highlight the taxonomic uncertainties on the species status of D. grahami with respect to D. fasciatum and discuss the issue on the recent unnecessary changes of the Chinese common names of the genus Diploderma, recommending maintaining stability of Chinese common names and continuous usage of “Long Xi” as the common name for Diploderma.

Auditory event-related potentials based on name stimuli: A pilot study.

In recent years, diagnostic studies of brain disorders based on auditory event-related potentials (AERP) have become a hot topic. Research showed that AERP might help to detect patient consciousness, especially using the subjects' own name (SON). In this study, we conducted a preliminary analysis of the brain response to Chinese name stimuli. Twelve subjects participated in this study. SONs were used as target stimuli for each trial. The names used for non-target stimuli were divided into three Chinese character names condition (3CC) and two Chinese characters names condition (2CC). Thus, each subject was required to be in active (silent counting) and passive mode (without counting) with four conditions [(passive, active) × (3CC, 2CC)]. We analyzed the spatio-temporal features for each condition, and we used SVM for target vs. non-target classification. The results showed that the passive mode under 3CC conditions showed a similar brain response to the active mode, and when 3CC was used as a non-target stimulus, the brain response induced by the target stimulus would have a better interaction than 2CC. We believe that the passive mode 3CC may be a good paradigm to replace the active mode which might need more attention from subjects. The results of this study can provide certain guidelines for the selection and optimization of the paradigm of auditory event-related potentials based on name stimulation.

Quality Evaluation of Crude and Salt-Processed Cuscutae Semen through Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Multiple Components Using HPLC Combined with Chemometrics

Cuscutae Semen (CS; Chinese common name “Tusizi”) is one of the most common traditional herbal medicines used to treat liver and kidney diseases in China. Although it is most commonly used as a processed product, little progress has been made on the quality control of CS and salt-processed Cuscutae Semen (PCS). The purpose of this study was to establish a comprehensive strategy integrating chromatographic analysis and chemometric methods for quality evaluation and discrimination of CS and PCS. An accurate and reliable HPLC method was established for the simultaneous quantification of 12 analyte compounds in CS and PCS. The results showed that this method exhibited desirable sensitivity, precision, stability, and repeatability. Multivariate chemometric methods were applied to analyze the obtained HPLC fingerprints, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principle component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results indicated that CS and PCS samples showed a clear classification of the two groups, and three chemical markers with great contributions to the differentiation were screened out. Collectively, the chemometrics combined with the quantitative analysis based on HPLC fingerprint results indicated that salt processing may change the contents and types of components in Cuscutae Semen.

Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) IX: One new species of Apterolarnaca Gorochov, 2004 from Guangxi with description of female Apterolarnaca (Apterolarnaca) huanglianensis Bian amp; Lu, 2021.

This study provides description of one new species, Apterolarnaca (Bianigryllacris) spiculoproceris sp. nov. (Chinese name: ), from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The morphological photographs of Apterolarnaca (Apterolarnaca) huanglianensis Bian Lu, 2021 from Menghai, Yunnan Province are provided and the female sex is described for the first time. The newly founded female is similar to Apterolarnaca (Bianigryllacris) bilobus (Guo Shi, 2012) in basal area of ventral valvulae with a pair of digitate sclerites, which is proved that reducing the status of Bianigryllacris Cadena-Castaeda, 2019 to subgeneric level under Apterolarnaca Gorochov, 2004 is reasonable. All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.

Study on the Chinese Subfamily Anabropsinae (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) VI: One new species of Anabropsis (Pteranabropsis) from Yunnan Province.

This paper is sixth study the Chinese Anabropsinae and reports one new species from Yunnan Province, China, viz. A. (Pteranabropsis) maguanensis sp. nov. (Chinese name: ). Meanwhile, the complete mitochondrical genome of the new species was determined and annotated. The 15, 962 bp circle genome consisted of 13 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and an A+T-rich region. It has the typical invertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) were initiated by typical ATN codon. The nucleotide compositions were significant bias towards AT. All transfer RNA (tRNA) genes had a typical clover-leaf structure, except trnS1 in which the base pairs of the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm was lacking. Overall, six domains and 49 helices were predicted for rrnL, and three structural domains and 27 helices were predicted for rrnS.

MULAN in the name: Causes and consequences of gendered Chinese names

Drawing on data from the 2005 China mini-census, this study aims to measure the genderedness of Chinese names and explore the determinants of gendered names and their impacts on labor market performance. The Gendered Name Index we constructed shows that male and female names have been converging over the past century, mainly attributed to the defeminization of female names. A regression analysis reveals that the gender characteristics of Chinese names are highly correlated with parental characteristics, the strength of kinship networks, and local socioeconomic conditions. Additionally, the genderedness of a name has mild but statistically significant effects on labor market performance. Notably, a masculine name will increase men's earnings, while a feminine name will prevent women from entering the labor market and reduce their earnings. These findings support both gender identity and gender discrimination mechanisms.

Lexical Items of Flora and Fauna in Local Languages: An Ecolinguistics Study

Ecolinguistcs study is becoming more popular year by year since many researcher, linguists, and other experts do some researches. Wendel’s (2005:51) definition of ecolinguistics formulated that the ecological approach to language takes into consideration the complex network of relations occurring between environment, languages and people speaking these languages. Since ecolinguistics related to environment, language and people speaking the language, this research is aimed to discuss about the local languages, Hokkian and Tio Cu related to the environment. The data used in this article is the lexical items for fauna and flower. After conducting small observastion, the researcher concludes that the knowledge of lexical items for flora and fauna in local languages, Hokkian and Tio Cu, is less because of environment factors. This means that the language of Hokkian and Tio Cu had been influenced by Bahasa Indonesia as national language. This happened as in the era before the year of 2000, Chinese were not allowed to use their Chinese name, languages (Mandarin or local languages), culture, etc.