Objective To develop a new instrument, the resilience scale for military personnel, and examine its reliability and validity. Methods The resilience scale for military personnel was compiled according to open-ended inventory survey . The sample consisted of 860 soldiers, 50 of them were re-tested with the new scale, another 80 tested by Chinese Military Mental Health Scale (CMMHS) at the same time. Factor analysis and Pearson's correlations were used to examine the reliability and validity of the resilience scale for military personnel. Results Based on factor analysis result, 5 factors were extracted, and added 1 lie factor, there were 32 items in theformal scale. The the Cronbach'α of total scale was 0.925, and subscales 0.597~0.810(P<0.01) , split-half reliability was 0.895 of total scale, and 0.384~0.739 of subscales (P < 0.01) ; retest reliability was 0.447 of total scale, and 0.494~0.658 of subscales(P<0.01 or P<0.05). The correlation was significant between the factors of this scale and factors of CMMHS. Conclusion The resilience scale for military personnel has good reliability and validity. The resilience scale has good psychological quality and proves to be applicable to Chinese military personnel in evaluating their resilience. Key words: Resilience; Military personnel; Scale; Reliability; Validity