Chinese Medical Workers Research Articles

Effects of Organizational Support and Professional Identity on Job Satisfaction Among Medical Social Workers in China

The current status of job satisfaction among Chinese medical social workers and the impact of organizational support and professional identity on job satisfaction among Chinese medical social workers were investigated in the context of the Healthy China Initiative. This article used quantitative research methods, and the data were drawn from the China Social Work Longitudinal Study (CSWLS). The article’s sample comprises 218 medical social workers who participated in a medical social work module survey and who are directly engaged in social service practices in hospitals in China. The results showed that the job satisfaction score of Chinese medical social workers was 3.58, which was considered good. Professional identity can significantly and positively predict and impact job satisfaction, and as a dimension of professional identity, professional enthusiasm has a significant impact on job satisfaction. Organizational cultural support significantly affects job satisfaction and organizational support mediates this relationship between professional identity and job satisfaction among medical social workers. Together, these findings suggest that organizational support and professional identity significantly impact the job satisfaction of medical social workers in China. Future studies should aim to promote professional enthusiasm and enhance organizational culture support to improve job satisfaction among medical social workers.

Occupational well-being in medical workers in Inner Mongolia after the Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Strategy: A cross-sectional study

Little is known about the status of occupational well-being among the Chinese medical workers after the implementation of Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control strategy as most studies are performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was designed to investigate the occupational well-being among the medical workers in our city in the COVID-19 after the release of Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Strategy since May 7, 2020 in mainland China. We included the medical workers involved in the front-line of COVID-19 that were randomly selected from 7 hospitals in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The occupational well-being among medical workers was evaluated using the modified occupational well-being scales and the symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale. Then Logistic regression analysis was given to identify the risk factors that may affect the occupational well-being among the medical workers. Our data showed that hospital type (p < 0.01), hospital grade (p < 0.01), marital status (p < 0.01) and monthly income (p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for the occupational well-being among the medical workers. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, somatization, phobic anxiety, depression and interpersonal sensitivity were risk factors for poor occupational well-being. Therefore, attention should be given to the occupational well-being of the medical workers. Meanwhile, appropriate measurements are necessary to improve their working quality.

Machine translation +Post-editing: Translation process analysis of a science text from English to Chinese

Translation conveys ideas from one language to another for the purpose of communication, spreading culture and knowledge as well as promoting social civilization. Translators should reproduce the equivalent of the source-language message in terms of both meaning and style. The development of artificial intelligence is closely related to the study of human brain, so English to Chinese translation of the article A Brain for Speech. Evolutionary Continuity in Primate and Human Auditory-Vocal Processing is of considerable significance for Chinese AI workers, medical workers and common people. The translation of this article is completed by commonly used free translation softwares found in internet in mainland China plus painstaking and repeated post-editing by the student translator guided by the professors and experts in different fields. In this report, the “Comprehension, Expression and Adaptation” framework is used to analyse the problems encountered in the process of machine translation and solutions adopted in post translation editing stage to ensure accuracy of the information conveyed in the source text and expression in the target language version.

Marital Beliefs and Decisions Among Young Chinese Medical Workers

The marital status of young medical workers deserves attention due to their working situation, occupational, and personal characteristics. This study investigated the marital decisions and the influencing factors of marital decisions (i.e., marital beliefs, marital policy, work stress, social support, and demographic variables) among 500 young medical workers in China. The results found that the majority of young medical workers decide to marry and have children, and most of them choose to marry or have children before the age of 30, have only one child, and have no preference for the sex of their child. Young medical workers placed the highest importance on marital relationships among the four dimensions of marital beliefs (i.e., marital salience, marital context, traditional norms, and marital relationships). The results further showed that marital salience, marital context, gender, age, educational level, job type, census register, and satisfaction with marital policy had influences on marital decisions. In the future, attention should be paid to different groups' marital beliefs and decisions, help young medical workers improve intimate relationships, enhance awareness of the importance of marriage and childbearing, and strengthen marital welfare policies and services.

Association of low-dose ionising radiation with site-specific solid cancers: Chinese medical X-ray workers cohort study, 1950–1995

BackgroundThe dose–response relationship between cancers and protracted low-dose rate exposure to ionising radiation is still uncertain. This study aims to estimate quantified relationships between low-dose radiation exposures and site-specific solid...

The Role of Chinese Medical Social Workers in a Children’s Hospital: A Qualitative Study

The Role of Chinese Medical Social Workers in a Children’s Hospital: A Qualitative Study

How organizational support can help employees mitigate the effects of distributive injustice: a hierarchical moderated mediation model

Objectives. At present, the mechanism of distributive justice leading to presenteeism is still unclear. We aim to explore the relationship among distributive justice, organization-based self-esteem, presenteeism and organizational support among Chinese medical workers by building a moderated mediation model. Methods. We employed a cross-level research design that aggregated organizational support to the organizational level. Medical staff from 50 different hospitals in China were invited to participate in the survey, and 1122 valid data questionnaires were obtained. We used hierarchical linear modelling to test this cross-level moderated mediation model. Results. Our results suggest that, at the individual level, organization-based self-esteem partially mediates the distributive justice–presenteeism relationship, and at the individual level, organizational support moderates the relationship between distributive justice and organization-based self-esteem. Conclusions. Distributive justice enhances individuals’ organization-based self-esteem, which is associated with a reduction in presenteeism, and underscores the importance of organizations shaping an organizational support climate.

Restoring Doctor-Patient Trust to Curb Violence Against Doctors.

Violence against doctors is a global concern. Specifically, Chinese medical workers face severe violence on a large scale. According to a survey by the Chinese Hospital Association (CHA), on average, 27 violent incidents involving doctors occur in each Chinese hospital every year. Violence against doctors occurs for many reasons, and the most common is the loss of trust between the doctor and the patient, which worsens the doctor-patient relationship. We found that the loss of doctor-patient trust is attributed to changes in the doctor-patient relationship to a seller-buyer interaction. Patients have high expectations of medical technology, while effective communication between doctors and patients is lacking. Restoring doctor-patient trust could help reduce and reduce violence against doctors. The Chinese government should take effective measures to improve the doctor-patient relationship based on medical reform. Medical institutions and social networks should provide medical knowledge to common people and guide patients to establish reasonable expectations for treatment. Health departments should train physicians and patients in communication skills to improve the efficiency of communication between physicians and patients and restore patients’ trust in physicians.

When Social Work Client Self-Determination Principle Meets Confucius Culture: A Living Will Decision-Making Case Study in China.

Background. In western countries like the United States of America, living will is seen as a vehicle for achieving greater wisdom and skill in a fundamental aspect of health care and a civilized approach to mortality. However, the inception of living will in China emerged only a decade ago. Although, nowadays, Chinese medical social workers can provide living will service in health settings, their services are in a preliminary status. Objective. This exploratory case study aims to present an ethical dilemma and analyzes the reasons the social work client self-determination principle failed in living will decision-making in the oncology ward that has Confucius as a cultural context. Results. This case illustrates that the patient's family has the final say in living will decision-making. The social work principle of client self-determination exemplifies the difficulties of applying medical social work practices with living will to Chinese patients in hospital wards. Conclusions. Chinese patients and their families are still bound to Confucianism's long tradition. In China, individuals are still being defined by relationships, and the "self" exists only in a hierarchical interpersonal network known as the differential pattern. The Chinese people do not like to talk about death. Even in modern society, it will take time for the Chinese people to come to terms with the end-of-life planning with living will, mainly for cancer patients after diagnosis. Practice Implications. Future social work practices that implied living will similar to this case that has Confucius culture in the background should consider the cultural context where the social worker-client are situated and the types of social work values the profession hold.

How empowering leadership influences medical workers' work-family conflict in the post-pandemic era: A moderated mediation model of leadership "black box".

After experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, the status and mechanisms of leadership, and the challenges for medical workers in terms of family–work conflicts, have caused widespread concern. In the post-pandemic era, based on role theory and the stressor-detachment model, this paper seeks to break the “black box” of negative effects that can be caused by leadership, research the mechanism and boundary conditions of those negative effects, and explore factors to reduce those negative effects. We recruited 1,010 Chinese medical workers fighting COVID-19 on the frontline. Our study results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between empowering leadership and work–family conflict, and this relationship was completely mediated by role stress, while psychological detachment moderated the relationship between role stress and work–family conflict. Moreover, psychological detachment moderated the mediating effect of empowering leadership on work–family conflict through role stress. Therefore, higher levels of psychological detachment were less conducive to medical workers' family–work conflict. This study has important theoretical significance and practical value for revealing the negative effects and mechanisms of empowering leadership and for medical workers to better deal with work–family relations.

The association between fear of malpractice and burnout among Chinese medical workers: The mediating role of legal consciousness

BackgroundAs a major reason for defensive medicine, the status and effect of “fear of malpractice” among Chinese medical staff is an important topic that needs to be studied. Our study investigated fear of malpractice among Chinese medical workers, assessed its association with burnout, and explored the mediating role of legal consciousness between these factors.DesignA quantitative, cross-sectional study.SettingAll respondents were investigated using a self-report questionnaire. Demographic characteristics and measurements including a fear of malpractice scale, and a burnout and legal consciousness scale were employed. The effect of fear of malpractice on burnout was examined by carrying out a binary regression analysis. A mediation model was used to test the mediating role of legal consciousness.ParticipantsThe study sample included 1031 doctors and nurses (297 male and 734 female; age = 36.3 ± 8.98).ResultsThe average score of fear of malpractice was 20.97 ± 5.34. Respondents with higher levels of fear of malpractice were more prone to burnout ([OR] = 2.865; 95% CI 1.942–4.226). Legal consciousness partially and negatively mediated the effect of fear of malpractice on burnout.ConclusionHigh levels of fear of malpractice were found among Chinese medical workers, and this fear had a significant effect on burnout. Legal consciousness may be a resource that can alleviate burnout.

THE INFLUENCE OF LOW-DOSE OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS IN A COHORT OF CHINESE MEDICAL RADIATION WORKERS

Abstract Objectives The study aims to assess the change of peripheral blood cell numbers following protracted low-dose radiation exposure among medical radiation workers. Methods A cohort of 375 Chinese medical workers were followed for 5 years (2015–19) and recorded the changes in blood cells and cumulative doses. T-test, least significant difference-T test, variance analysis and correlation analysis were utilized in this study. Results Compared with the control group, the white blood cells, hemoglobin counts and the ratio of eosinophils in the study group showed a downward trend. The differences in blood cells between groups were mainly found in the number of red blood cells. In a short cumulative time, such as 1 or 3 years, a correlation between the cumulative dose and the quantity of blood cells was detected, but not at 5 years. Conclusions There is no significant difference in the blood cell counts between different types of work, and the long-term cumulative dose has not been statistically correlated with the number of blood cells. So that the number of peripheral blood cells can no longer be used as a good indicator of radiation damage.

Low-dose ionizing radiation exposure and risk of leukemia: results from 1950–1995 Chinese medical X-ray workers’ cohort study and meta-analysis

BackgroundIt has been well-established that acute radiation exposures increase the risk of leukemia. However, it is still unknown whether these leukemia risk estimates could be extrapolated to occupational populations who receive repeated low-dose radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to estimate quantified associations between low-dose radiation exposures and leukemia. MethodsThe Chinese medical X-ray worker study (CMXW) included 27,011 medical X-ray workers employed at major hospitals in 24 provinces in China from 1950 to 1980, and a control population of 25,782 physicians matched by hospital, who were unexposed to X-ray equipment. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) for the incidence of leukemia associated with cumulative doses. A meta-analysis of the published literature on low-dose occupational radiation exposure and leukemia risk was also conducted. ResultsThe incidence rates of leukemia in X-ray workers and the control group were 6.70 and 3.39 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Among X-ray workers, the average cumulative red bone marrow dose was 0.046 Gy. We found a positive relationship between 2-year lagged cumulative red bone marrow dose and risk of leukemia excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (ERR = 0.66 per 100 mGy, 90% CI: 0.09, 1.53; EAR = 0.29 per 104 PY-100 mGy, 90% CI: 0.07, 0.56). The excess risk was largely driven by myeloid leukemia (ERR = 1.06 per 100 mGy, 90% CI: 0.22, 2.51). Based on the meta-analysis, the pooled ERR at 100 mGy was 0.19 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.31). ConclusionThis study provides strong evidence of a positive and linear doseresponse relationship between cumulative red bone marrow dose and the incidence of non-CLL leukemia.

Советская медицина на Ляодунском полуострове во второй половине 40-х – начале 50-х гг. XX в.

The article deals with the activity of Soviet physicians on the Liaodong Peninsula in the 40- 50s of the twentieth century. On the basis of a wide range of sources, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the analysis of the sanitary-epidemiological situation in Port-Artur (Luishun), Dalniy (Dalyan), and Dzin-Zhou is performed. There is an information on training of Chinese medical workers, interaction of Soviet military and Chinese civilian administrations in issues of healthcare is reflected. Soviet medical workers activity was a set of therapeutic, scientific and education al measures which condition effectiveness of the transfer of Soviet health care principles. Disinterested Soviet medical worker`s help was commended by Chinese patients and colleagues and was reflected in reviews, letters with gratitude and articles in local newspapers, which are kept in foundation R-9501 of State Archive of Russian Federation (GARF). Documents and memoires show that Soviet medicine became a factor in strengthening the political influence of the USSR and forming its positive image in the mass opinion of the Chinese population of the region.

To craft modern (hi)story through music

Almost two years after the first contaminations and while the origins of COVID-19 and its worldwide proliferation remain unclear, analysing the music released by Chinese rappers in 2020 offers a relevant angle to engage with the country’s narration of the present. In the People’s Republic of China, where any cultural production lies under a strict control of the state, rap music recently reached the mainstream, forcing its actors to quickly comply with the authorities’ directives and become representative of ‘positive energy’. After the lockdown of Wuhan on 23 January 2020, Chinese rappers were prompt to mobilize and share songs with COVID-19 as the central topic. In close alignment with the country’s rejuvenated cultural nationalism, rap music thus became a vigorous sounding box for the government’s propaganda during the crisis, enhancing the bravery of Chinese medical workers, the responsibility of the Chinese people and displaying images broadcast by national media in music videos. This article draws on the official concept of the ‘main melody’ and focuses on the texts and the illustrations of three songs retrieved from a corpus of rap songs uploaded on online platforms during the first month of the pandemic. It argues that in the first phase of the crisis, official and non-official collaborations between state actors and musicians contributed to the creation of a uniform historical narrative that bolstered the state’s propaganda in its fight against the virus. The article also points out that such cooperation has not only been beneficial for the state but has also boosted the visibility of the artists involved.

The Influence of Low-Dose Occupational Radiation Exposure on Peripheral Blood Cell in a Cohort Chinese Medical Radiation Workers

The study aims to assess the change of peripheral blood cell number following protracted low-dose radiation exposure among medical radiation workers.A cohort of 185 Chinese radiation workers which divided into 4 groups by different occupational categories which include Interventional radiologists group (IRG); nuclear medicine doctors group (NMD); medical diagnostic radiographers group (MDR); radiologists group (RG) were followed by 5 years (2015-2019). This study observed and recorded the changes in the cumulative dose and peripheral blood cell counts consecutively for five years. While exploring the changes in blood cells and cumulative dose, the correlation between dose and the quantity of peripheral blood cells was also discussed. Individual doses were recorded by dose monitoring system. The counts of peripheral blood cell were based on the physical examination data of the workers of the annual physical examination in the hospitality-test, SD-T test and Variance analysis were used to analyze the radiation dose-response changes of the peripheral blood cell. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the number of peripheral blood cells and the cumulative dose.The results of this study showed that compared with the control group, the number of white blood cells (WBCs), the number of hemoglobin (Hb) and the ratio of eosinophils (EO%) in the study group decreased (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis between the average cumulative dose in different years and the number of peripheral blood cells in different groups showed that the average cumulative dose of nuclear medicine group in 2016 was negatively correlated with WBC (r = -0.602, P < 0.05) and NE% (r = -0.596, P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the average cumulative dose of the radiological diagnosis group in 2015 and MO% (r = 0.530, P < 0.01). For the radiologists' group, there was a significant negative correlation between the average cumulative dose and the number of WBCs in 2016 (r = -3.37, P < 0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation between the average cumulative dose and RBC in 2017 (r = -4.12, P < 0.05).The results of the study suggest that the blood cell levels of workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation for a long time can show dynamic changes, and relevant workers should take appropriate protection measures and regularly monitor peripheral blood cell indicators.

Prediction of Mental Health in Medical Workers During COVID-19 Based on Machine Learning.

Mental health prediction is one of the most essential parts of reducing the probability of serious mental illness. Meanwhile, mental health prediction can provide a theoretical basis for public health department to work out psychological intervention plans for medical workers. The purpose of this paper is to predict mental health of medical workers based on machine learning by 32 factors. We collected the 32 factors of 5,108 Chinese medical workers through questionnaire survey, and the results of Self-reporting Inventory was applied to characterize mental health. In this study, we propose a novel prediction model based on optimization algorithm and neural network, which can select and rank the most important factors that affect mental health of medical workers. Besides, we use stepwise logistic regression, binary bat algorithm, hybrid improved dragonfly algorithm and the proposed prediction model to predict mental health of medical workers. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is 92.55%, which is better than the existing algorithms. This method can be used to predict mental health of global medical worker. In addition, the method proposed in this paper can also play a role in the appropriate work plan for medical worker.

China's Stem Cell Research and Knowledge Levels of Medical Practitioners and Students.

Over the last few decades, China has greatly expanded its scope of stem cell research, generating various scientific advances and medical applications. However, knowledge of the extent and characteristics of domestic stem cell development, particularly medical workers' opinions, is lacking. This study's purposes were to analyze the growth trends of China's stem cell community and identify the knowledge and attitudes held by Chinese medical workers regarding stem cell research. We found that there are currently 13 high-quality stem cell research centers with more than 400 PhD-level researchers across Mainland China. These centers feature many high-caliber scientists from the stem cell research community. From 1997 through 2019, the National Natural Science Foundation of China allocated roughly $576 million to 8,050 stem cell programs at Chinese universities and research institutions. China's annual publications on stem cells increased from less than 0.6% of the world's total stem cell publications in 1999 to more than 14.1% in 2014. Our survey also revealed that most participants held positive attitudes toward stem cell research, supported further funding, and had high general awareness about stem cells.

Occupational Radiation Exposure and Changes in Thyroid Hormones in a Cohort of Chinese Medical Radiation Workers

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between occupational radiation exposure and changes in thyroid hormone levels among medical radiation workers. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 2,946 radiation workers from 20 Guangzhou hospitals. Data on general characteristics, participant radiation dosimetry, and thyroid function test results [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid hormone (T4)] were extracted from dosimetry and medical records. The generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the trend of changes in thyroid hormone levels over time and was adjusted for age, gender, and occupation. ResultsThe average annual effective dose was very low and showed a general downward trend. During the follow-up period, changes in T3 and T4 levels among radiation workers were –0.015 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.018 to −0.012] nmol/L per year and −2.294 (95% CI −2.426 to −2.162) nmol/L per year, respectively. Thyroid hormone levels were significantly different between males and females. T3 levels in the group of upper quartile of dose were significantly higher than in the lower quartile group (P = 0.006). No significant decreased trend in thyroid hormone levels was observed with increasing average effective doses. ConclusionThyroid hormone secretion might be affected even in low-dose radiation exposure environments.

A basic investigation into the optimization of cylindrical tubes used as acoustic stethoscopes for auscultation in COVID-19 diagnosis.

During the COVID-19 outbreak, the auscultation of heart and lung sounds has played an important role in the comprehensive diagnosis and real-time monitoring of confirmed cases. With clinicians wearing protective clothing in isolation wards, a potato chip tube stethoscope, which is a secure and flexible substitute for a conventional stethoscope, has been used by Chinese medical workers in the first-line treatment of COVID-19. In this study, an optimal design for this simple cylindrical stethoscope is proposed based on the fundamental theory of acoustic waveguides. Analyses of the cutoff frequency, sound power transmission coefficient, and sound wave propagation in the uniform lossless tube provide theoretical guidance for selecting the geometric parameters for this simple cylindrical stethoscope. A basic investigation into the auscultatory performances of the original tube and the optimal tube with proposed dimensions was conducted both in a semi-anechoic chamber and in a quiet laboratory. Both experimental results and front-line doctors' clinical feedback endorse the proposed theoretical optimization.