Chinese Ink Research Articles

Discuss the Countermeasures and Measures of Developing Yunnan Garden in Southwest China - Take the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, for Example

Located in the Himalayan south extension of Yunnan garden has its specificity, because the element is very rich, tiancheng natural endowment objectively has "cast" the vivid "Chinese ink painting", "step for the scene, turned into", in the carved, in "painting" in "Yunnan garden", perfecting the connotation and extension creation process, is an economic phenomenon, also belongs to the cultural category, is the crystallization of collective wisdom in Yunnan, is constructing "Yunnan garden" system. It has been nearly 10 years since the end of 1990s. Over the past 10 years, relying on its own resource endowment, making use of the market and combining with the growing needs of Yunnan people for a "better life", Yunnan has created a unique "Yunnan School Garden". The 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 15) will be held in Kunming, China on October 11-24,2021, aiming to "formulate the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework". The conference is in line with the concept of "clear waters and green mountains are gold and silver mountains" under construction in China. Dian-style gardens practice biodiversity. On the occasion of the meeting, on the basis of analyzing the resource endowment of Yunnan province, this paper traces the growth process of "Yunnan School Garden" and puts forward the countermeasures and measures for development, which has far-reaching practical significance.

The coral‐inspired steam evaporator for efficient solar desalination via porous and thermal insulation bionic design

AbstractThe solar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) technology shows great prospects in seawater desalination and sewage treatment, but it is unable to obtain highly efficient and high‐quality clean nontoxic water at low cost. Here, a novel biodegradable hydrogel‐based solar evaporator (BBH‐L) with a bionic coral structure taking Chinese ink as the solar absorber was developed. This evaporator consists of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and a loofah substrate. The average evaporation rate and efficiency of BBH‐L reach 4.37 kg/(m2·h) and 98.2%, respectively, under one sun illumination (1 kW/m2), which are attributed to its excellent thermal localization and water transporting abilities. Meanwhile, high salt resistance enables BBH‐L to achieve efficient desalination and purification of other unconventional water. Heavy metal ions in seawater can be effectively removed by chelation and forming hydrogen bonds in hydrogels. This study is anticipated to provide new possibilities to enhance evaporation performance and reduce the costs of water treatment systems.

Experimental and numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of Chinese ink nanofluid in built-in rotor tube

For increasing the heat transfer efficiency of the tubular heat exchanger, Chinese ink (CI) nanofluid was applied in the built-rotor tube, and the effects of the mass fraction of CI and structures of the rotors were investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental results indicated that the heat transfer performance improved with an increase in the nanofluid mass fraction and that the nanofluid in the built-in rotor tube produced a better heat transfer enhancement effect than that in a plain tube (PT). The Nu of 0.1% CI nanofluid in the PT increased by 11.12%–13.69%, whereas that in the built-in rotor tube increased by 17.57%–18.94%. The flow pattern and temperature distribution in the tube were studied via numerical simulations. The addition of rotors can make the flow pattern change from an axial flow to a three-dimensional spiral flow. This flow pattern reduces the thickness of the laminar sublayer and the temperature of the medium near the wall, as well as the synergy angle in the tube, which makes nanofluid with good thermophysical properties have a better heat transfer enhancement effect in the built-in rotor tube than in the PT.

Based on the Development Countermeasures of Yunnan Garden in the Southwest Frontier of Honghe Prefecture

Located in the Himalayan south extension of Yunnan garden has its specificity, because the element is very rich, tiancheng natural endowment objectively has "cast" the vivid "Chinese ink painting", "move for the scene, turned into", in the carved, in "painting" in "Yunnan garden", perfecting the connotation and extension creation process, is an economic phenomenon, also belongs to the cultural category, is the crystallization of Yunnan collective wisdom, is constructing "Yunnan garden" system. Since the 1990s, relying on its own resource endowment, making use of the market and combining with the growing needs of Yunnan people for a "better life", Yunnan has created a unique "Yunnan School Garden". The 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 15) was held in Kunming, China on October 11-24, 2021. The conference is in line with the concept of "clear waters and green mountains are mountains of gold and silver" under construction in China. Dian-style gardens practice biodiversity. On the basis of analyzing the resource endowment of Yunnan, this paper traces the growth process of "Yunnan Garden" and puts forward the countermeasures and measures for development.

AUTOMATIC COLORIZATION OF CHINESE INK PAINTING COMBINING MULTI-LEVEL FEATURES AND GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS

Advanced Chinese ink painting also includes work-brush flower and bird paintings with brilliant colors, in contrast to traditional ink paintings that often only use water, ink, and black and white. This serves as the foundation for our investigation into a generalized transfer problem involving ink and wash, or an ink painting coloring problem. Our goal is to automatically colorize black and white ink paintings using deep neural networks. This study can serve as a guide for coloring ink paintings and broaden the range of applications for ink painting style transfer. The high-level semantic information and low-level local features of ink paintings cannot be successfully extracted using the current generalized style transfer approach (colorization algorithm). The resulting images have muddy borders and low color saturation. In order to improve the accuracy and coherence of the coloring of ink paintings, we build training by combining the global and local features of ink paintings with the achievements of generative adversarial networks already made in the field of colorization. Comparative and objective evaluations of the experimental portion are made using metrics like peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), colorfulness, and user studies. Additionally, our approach beats the previous comparison approaches in terms of creative expression, color richness, and color overflow management.

A Study on the Application of Chinese Ink Painting Effects in 3D Animation Design

A Study on the Application of Chinese Ink Painting Effects in 3D Animation Design

Isolation and identification of filamentous fungi and yeasts with zoonotic potential obtained from cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) droppings.

The different microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota of birds can be present in different substrates such as the soil and other elements that make up the habitat. In the case of the cattle egret, the intestinal microbiota can change due to partially migratory habits. Thus, this study aimed to isolate and identified fungi and yeasts with zoonotic potential obtained from cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) droppings settler in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, at Eastern economic zone of Mexico. Cattle egret droppings were collected for analysis, a total of 240 pool samples, which were spread on Sabouraud agar and incubated at 25.00 - 37.00 ˚C for 2 to 3 days. Filamentous fungi and yeast were identified by morphology and Lactophenol Blue staining or Chinese Ink stains. Filamentous fungi genera Mucor spp. (42.35%), Rhizopus spp. (26.71%); Penicillium spp. (13.35%); Paecilomyces spp. (11.40%); Scedosporium spp. (1.95%); and, from yeasts such as Cryptococcus spp. (2.29%); Rhodotorula spp. (1.95%) were identified. In this work, the presence of filamentous fungi genera and yeasts with zoonotic potential were isolated from droppings of cattle egret. The clinical presentation of fungal infections in humans can occur when immunosuppression is present or different predisposition factors are conjugated. The presence of birds and their dropping in anthropogenic activities is not a predisposing factor for the presentation of the disease in immunologically competent humans.

Impacts of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on the tibial insertion of the medial collateral ligament of the canine stifle joint – A cadaveric study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the potential consequences of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) for the medial collateral ligament (MCL) tibial insertion (TI) with a particular focus on the effects of the TPLO planning technique and of the size of saw blade. Study designEighty-six stifle joints were collected from 43 canine cadavers and dissected free of soft tissue to expose the MCL. The MCL insertion sites were first identified with Chinese ink on intact stifle joints, and then marked with radio-opaque barium sulfate after removal of the MCL. Mediolateral radiographs were made of each marked stifle joint and used for TPLO digital planning. For each stifle, planning the TPLO was performed by centring the osteotomy at the intersection of the tibial plateau and the mechanical axis of the tibia in group 1, and at the top of the intercondylar tubercles in group 2. Whenever possible, two saw blade sizes were tested in each group. Measurements were taken after TPLO simulation to assess how the procedure would alter the MCL TI. ResultsIn group 1, the integrity of the MCL TI was affected by the TPLO planning in 87.2% of the cases with the small saw blade and in 59.3% of the cases with the large blade, and in group 2, in 94.2% of the cases with the small and 77.9% with the large saw blade. In group 1, the osteotomy line was located above the TI, completely severing the MCL in four cases versus in 11 cases in group 2, while severing occurred in 14/15 cases with the small saw blade. ConclusionDuring TPLO, the osteotomy line transected the MCL TI in the majority of dogs. Centring the osteotomy at the intersection of the tibial plateau and the mechanical axis of the tibia and using the largest saw size that preserves tibial tuberosity and patellar tendon insertion seems to be the best way to preserve the MCL TI as much as possible. Further research is needed to evaluate the clinical impact of MCL TI transection.

Black pigmented dysphagia.

A 63-year-old male of Turkish origin was referred to our department for further investigation of dysphagia for solids since 2 years with recent occurrence of food impaction. The patient had no significant medical history besides smoking. There was no mention of weight loss or other systemic complaints. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a large subobstructive pedunculated mass in the lower thoracic esophagus. The lesion was remarkably pigmented and seemed to be infused with Chinese ink (see figure 1). Biopsies were taken.

A non-photorealistic rendering method based on Chinese ink and wash painting style for 3D mountain models

The ink and wash painting stylized rendering with oriental aesthetic features is an important topic in non-photorealistic rendering (NPR). The research on the stylized rendering of two-dimensional (2D) models has received extensive attention, but there is still a lack of systematic research on the three-dimensional (3D) rendering effects of different brush strokes and texture mapping methods. In this paper, we mainly render the 3D mountain models from the whole ink and wash painting rendering process, different winkle rendering methods, and the canvas texture based on spatiotemporal consistency. First, the proposed rendering process is divided into feature lines rendering and interior area stylization, and the wrinkle rendering is carried out by the method of texture synthesis and texture mapping. In addition, mesh parameterization is introduced to avoid stretching and distortion that may occur during the texture mapping. Then, an empirical model is used to simulate the ink diffusion effect in the rendered image space. Finally, we investigate a dynamic canvas texture method considering temporal coherence, which uses a noise-based algorithm to generate the canvas texture that maintains the 2D appearance of the canvas under camera motion. Experimental results show that the winkle rendering and texture mapping method proposed in this paper adds rich details to 3D mountain models, and the “Shower Door” effect does not occur in the case of camera motion.

Curating the international profile of contemporary Chinese ink medium art: The Third Chengdu Biennale (2007) and The Met’s Ink Art (2013–14)

This article aims to shed light on a curatorial momentum that was generated at the turn of the 2010s in the broader international art world, allowing contemporary Chinese ink works for the first time within the context of the new century to have a more geographically widespread spotlight of attention under a dual label of the Indigenous and the international. Indeed, in the run up to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the curatorial approach to ink art in both China and North America and Europe began to change, emphasizing not only ink’s cultural uniqueness but also its transcultural applicability. The pioneering event to do this was the Third Chengdu Biennale in China, following which there was a noticeable escalation in similar exhibitions across countries like the United States or the United Kingdom. These ranged from the ground-breaking Ink Art: Past as Present in Contemporary China (2013–14) at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met) to exhibitions at international auction houses and commercial galleries, such as Christie’s or the London-based Saatchi Gallery. By focusing on the Third Chengdu Biennale and The Met’s Ink Art exhibition as the two case-study examples, this article elucidates in what specific ways present-day Chinese ink works were framed by these two significant internationally oriented exhibitions, as well as what kind of critical reception this attracted. Drawing from this analysis, the article also provides a reflection on this curatorial momentum’s both achievements and limitations, suggesting that altogether they present an important foundation for present-day curators to devise new constructive ways of positioning Chinese ink as the global contemporary medium of artistic expression.

BiTGAN: bilateral generative adversarial networks for Chinese ink wash painting style transfer

BiTGAN: bilateral generative adversarial networks for Chinese ink wash painting style transfer

The Significance of ‘Absence-Void Space’ In Chinese Traditional Painting

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the formal idea of “absence,” the so called ‘void-white area’ or ‘negative space’ that can be perceived within any of the Chinese Ink Painting styles. This area describes the form in which the appeal symbol recognizes the existence of the positive – negative spaces, playing an important role in the visual hierarchy of a composition. Chinese Traditional painting (Guó Huà - 国画), examines the theory and practices of the ‘Six Principles of Chinese Painting’ (绘画六法 - Huìhuà Liùfǎ); and the quote: ‘emptiness is not empty’, has a special context, as a pure art form. It also examines the technical spirit of ‘one stroke, one painting’ detailed by Shih-t’ao (Shí Tāo - 石涛) from his writing (Huà Yǔlù - 画语录) ‘Comments on Painting’ or ‘painting quotes’, where he speaks of ‘a style of no style’ and the importance of a single brushstroke. It is an art form that reveals the truth and the meaning of the works and exposes the signifier's object of knowledge, where this signifies "absence." Shí Tāo (石涛), known as the founder of contemporary Chinese painting, uses the spiritual symbol "Painting may follow the heart: the rule is self-reliance" to represent the pure "harmonious" style of Chinese painting, which transmits the spirit of the union of the three faiths and the transcendence of mediocrity.

Performance investigation of the solar direct-driven wood regenerator in liquid desiccant air-conditioning systems

Liquid desiccant air-conditioning (LDAC) systems are one of the most promising alternatives to conventional air conditioning systems due to the high energy efficiency. The most energy-consuming part of LDAS system is desiccant regeneration, while traditional regeneration methods often fail to balance the energy grade and energy efficiency. Inspired by solar heat localization for seawater desalination, the regeneration performance of this novel method has been investigated. Here, we fabricated a wood-based regenerator by drilling holes and spaying Chinese ink, which features high sunlight absorption and strong water transportation ability. Owing to the high hydraulic conductivity of drilled holes and low thermal conductivity of wood substrate, liquid desiccant can be regenerated efficiently with a low-temperature rise. Even for 40 wt% CaCl2 solution at 30 °C, the regeneration rate and efficiency can reach 0.64 kg·m−2·h−1 and 43.2 %. Comparisons between solar interfacial regeneration method and other traditional regeneration methods were also conducted. Results show that the solar interfacial method can significantly improve the regeneration rate at the same temperature. Given the low manufacturing cost and operating cost, high regeneration rate and efficiency, superior salt-rejecting property, and low-temperature rise, the wood regenerators based on solar interfacial regeneration show great potential in LDAC systems.

Study of Calligraphic Brushwork in Singapore Watercolor Art

This paper investigates the development of Singapore watercolor art. Although watercolor is a western painting medium, Singapore watercolor art adopted its concepts from both the traditional British watercolor and Chinese ink painting. While it inherited its painting techniques from the British watercolor, the concept of calligraphic brushwork was adopted in two diverse directions, one from the British watercolor and the other from the Chinese calligraphy and ink painting due to the diverse backgrounds of artists. The application of various forms of calligraphic brushwork and their developments have shown connections to their origins. However, deviations were observed as compared to contemporary western watercolor brushwork. The study has also uncovered how the abstraction of Chinese character design concept and ink painting compositions were adopted by contemporary regional artists. The outcomes have created potential applications in animation and digital painting, especially in the area of visual simplification.

Study of Calligraphic Brushwork in Singapore Watercolor Art

This paper investigates the development of Singapore watercolor art. Although watercolor is a western painting medium, Singapore watercolor art adopted its concepts from both the traditional British watercolor and Chinese ink painting. While it inherited its painting techniques from the British watercolor, the concept of calligraphic brushwork was adopted in two diverse directions, one from the British watercolor and the other from the Chinese calligraphy and ink painting due to the diverse backgrounds of artists. The application of various forms of calligraphic brushwork and their developments have shown connections to their origins. However, deviations were observed as compared to contemporary western watercolor brushwork. The study has also uncovered how the abstraction of Chinese character design concept and ink painting compositions were adopted by contemporary regional artists. The outcomes have created potential applications in animation and digital painting, especially in the area of visual simplification.

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles from Chinese ink

<p indent="0mm">Chinese ink has been widely used and preserved due to its unique color stability, diversity and uniformity, and has recently been proved to be an excellent source of carbon particles. Here, we prepared a series of carbon nanoparticles with different luminescent properties from Chinese ink, which offered a new method for preparing carbon quantum dots. The particle size and luminescence properties of carbon quantum dots were systematically investigated. We identified carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with a diameter of <sc>5–7 nm</sc> in the supernatant of the lampblack “ziyuguang”, and the fluorescence emission of CQDs was characteristic of excitation wavelength dependence, which provided the evidence for the presence of shining purple jade light in this “ziyuguang” stick. More than seven kinds of CQDs with different fluorescence properties were separated <italic>via</italic> polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) after oxidizing the raw soot. The fluorescence emission of lanes 1–7 ranged from 350 to <sc>670 nm,</sc> covering the whole visible light region of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple. The size distribution of CQDs was uniform, and the fluorescence emission spectrum was excitation independent, implying the uniform size and the simple and single interfaces. It is thus expected that high-quality CQDs can be produced on a large scale by exploiting the China’s ink capacity, laying the foundation for its application in various fields. Considering the long history and large-scale production capacity of Chinese ink production process, this provides a new way for large-scale, high-throughput preparation of CQDs with uniform size and stable fluorescence properties.

Interactively transforming chinese ink paintings into realistic images using a border enhance generative adversarial network

Interactively transforming chinese ink paintings into realistic images using a border enhance generative adversarial network

An electroless nickel plating fabric coated with photothermal Chinese ink for powerful passive anti-icing/icephobic and fast active deicing

The icing phenomenon has caused much inconvenience to people's life. With the continuous progress of technology, it has been found that hydrophobic materials can be used in the anti-icing field, however icing still occurs on hydrophobic surfaces with long-term using in extremely harsh environments. Therefore, materials with anti-icing/icephobic and deicing functionalities have become an innovative strategy. In this paper, photothermal hydrophobic materials with anti-icing/icephobic and photothermal deicing properties are prepared using the photothermal nickel, Chinese ink and polydimethylhydrosiloxane with low surface energy. Due to the synergistic effect of the photothermal nickel nanoparticles and carbon nanoparticles in Chinese ink, the prepared material has a fast temperature rise rate at 1000 W/m2, which can reach the equilibrium temperature of 72 °C within 80 s. The freezing time of water droplets can be delayed to 1018 s at −15 °C, which is 11 times longer than that of nickel-plated materials. The ice on the coating melts rapidly and slides off along the inclined surface under the sunlight, proving that the material has a good photothermal deicing performance. Additionally, the coated surface has excellent wear resistance and UV resistance, which can be used outdoors for a long time. This powerful electroless nickel plating fabric, integrated with anti-icing/icephobic and fast deicing functionality with photothermal and drag reduction effect, provides a new approach to solve the icing problem in outdoor clothing.

Reproducing ancient Chinese ink depending on gelatin/chitosan and modern experimental methodology

Chinese ink has very special significance for presentation of artistic effects and preservation of works of art; however, wasted nonrenewable resources, potential toxicity, and complex and inefficient production technologies have limited the development of inks for traditional Chinese culture. Herein, environmentally friendly, practical and antibacterial Chinese ink was prepared by facile heating-stirring of gelatin and the natural polysaccharide chitosan. The internal composition, viscosity, morphology, particle size and antibacterial properties of the ink were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and bacteriostatic zone tests. The results showed that commercial ink (CM) spread easily on Xuan paper and led to imperfect artwork, while the chitosan and gelatin ink (CG) showed good adhesion and stability on Xuan paper. Based on this study, we believe that the good performance of CG ink should be attributed to restrictions arising from its internal chitosan and gelatin network, which restrict diffusion. Finally, the author used CG ink to display traditional Chinese calligraphy and landscape painting and believes that it has significant application prospects and will be used in large-scale production.