Chinese Graduate Research Articles

More restrictive U.S. policy on Chinese graduate student visas raises alarm

More restrictive U.S. policy on Chinese graduate student visas raises alarm

Academic Integrity from China to the United States: The Acculturation Process for Chinese Graduate Students in the United States

The ethics-related beliefs of Chinese international graduate students are heavily influenced by their academic cultural background, and given the nature of that culture, they often face challenges when adapting to the U.S. academic environment. This qualitative study examines Chinese graduate students’ perceptions of the differences between Chinese and American academic integrity practices and the effects of those differences on their ethical practices and adaptations in a graduate program in the United States. Data were collected via semistructured interviews in a public university in the United States. Findings suggest that perceptions of academic integrity in Chinese universities are influenced by Confucian philosophy, collectivist assumptions, and a resultant convenience mind-set. These cultural premises clash with academic expectations in the United States. Participants describe how they, and their Chinese peers, navigate U.S. integrity standards and provide recommendations for ways that U.S. schools can help them better adjust. We expand on those and provide recommendations for university personnel.

Investigating higher Education Students’ Professional Socialisation: a revised framework

ABSTRACTResearch on professional socialisation in higher education has been conducted in nursing, pharmacy, teaching and law, but there is a lack of studies on professional socialisation in tourism and hospitality education. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by revising the professional socialisation framework ‘Conceptualising Graduate and Professional Student Socialisation’ through the findings of a broader study on the professional socialisation of Chinese international students enrolled in tourism and hospitality degrees at a particular Australian university. The study examined diverse stakeholders’ perceptions of attributes needed by Chinese graduates with Australian university qualifications in tourism and hospitality management entering the Chinese hotel industry. The revised framework, ‘Higher Education Students’ Professional Socialisation Framework’, suggests different processes for enhancing the socialisation and career development of Chinese international students with an Australian tourism and hospitality management degree through work-integrated learning; language learning and communication; teamwork and mentoring; and interactions among different stakeholders. Furthermore, workplace socialisation emphasises mentoring and recognises different approaches to career development. Finally, the revised framework explains how the different stakeholders impact on the professional socialisation of students and graduates. The revised framework, which has a cross-cultural dimension, is generic and can be applied to other fields of study and to both international and domestic students in higher education.

Chinese graduate students paraphrasing in English and Chinese contexts

Paraphrasing is based on one's comprehension and interpretation of the source text (e.g., Yamada, 2003). It is not clear, however, how English as a Second/Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) students paraphrase to project their individual views in their research papers when writing in English or their home language. This study compares the Chinese and English paraphrasing of 17 graduate students who speak Chinese as their first language. The participants (12 from a Chinese university and 5 from a North American university) identified 117 paraphrases (66 Chinese and 51 English) from their research papers and explained how they paraphrased each example. The Chinese paraphrases were found to contain significantly more textual borrowing from the matching source text than the English paraphrases. The former were not all acknowledged but the latter were. There were also a total of 80 mentions of content recontextualization (55 Chinese and 25 English). These mentions featured selecting information in the English paraphrases (24, 96%), compared with using the citer's own interpretations (17, 31%) and additional ideas (22, 40%) in the Chinese paraphrases. Implications of these cross-cultural differences are discussed.

Are L1 and L2 strategies transferable? An exploration of the L1 and L2 writing strategies of Chinese graduate students

ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, second language writing has witnessed a growth of studies on learners’ writing strategies, as well as a shift from product-oriented to process-oriented research. Although the field has achieved a greater understanding of strategies used by English-as-an-additional-language (EAL) writers, limited research has examined the strategies used by learners in completing the same writing task in their L1 (first language) versus L2 (second language). Such an exploration would shed light on the transferability of writing strategies between L1 and L2 in different writing tasks. The present study used a questionnaire, concurrent think-aloud protocol and immediate post-task retrospective interviews to examine the strategies used by 35 Chinese EAL learners in completing L1 and L2 writing tasks and how these strategies related to writing performance. Results pertaining to the identified L1 and L2 writing strategies, similarities and differences between L1 and L2 writing strategy use, the potential transferability of L1 and L2 strategy use in writing, and strategy use in relation to writing performance are reported and discussed in relation to previous research. Also considered are implications, limitations and future research directions to move the field forward.

Affective diathesis of Chinese contemporary graduate students

Affective diathesis of Chinese contemporary graduate students

Концепт НАДЕЖДА в русской и китайской языковых картинах мира в свете сопоставительного лингвокультурологического анализа

The article presents contrastive linguo-culturological analysis of the unique Russian cultural concept NADEZHDA (HOPE) and the corresponding Chinese one. The purpose is to give complex description of content and structure features of verbal embodiment of the concept NADEZHDA in the aspect of Russian-Chinese language correlations. Design / methodology / approach include the following. The linguo-culturological approach is the base of the research methodology. The concrete method is the methodic of contrastive linguo-culturological analysis of conceptual content and language objectification of the concept. The material of the study is the data of basic Russian and Chinese dictionaries. Practical implications of the research are conditioned by possibility to use its results for teaching Russian as foreign language for Chinese graduate and post-graduate students. The results can be also used in the theory and practice of compiling the innovational dictionaries of concepts and linguo-cultural thesauri. Findings are that all the sense components of the Russian cultural concept the concept NADEZHDA are mainly presented in Chinese, but they are realized in different, diverged semantically and historically words. If the Russian concept NADEZHDA goes back to the idea of a stronghold, a support, the Chinese concept accents prospective semantics on the basis of spatial representations. Different cultural realities of Russian and Chinese worlds are expected to be reflected in language embodiment of compared concepts. Originality / value consists in that the analysis proves that the Russian concept NADEZHDA is connected with the other concepts VERA (FAITH) and SUD’BA (DESTINY) together with them expressing the key idea of the Russian language picture of the world about unpredictability of the universe, while the Chinese concept is corresponded with the idea of Middle Way and moderation, it is mainly oriented to the concept NORM.

Understanding employers’ perceptions of international graduates: An investigation of the employment prospects of Finnish-educated Chinese graduates in Finnish companies operating in China. Yuzhuo Cai. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University Press, 2012. 197 pp. (paperback), 27€, ISBN: 978-9-5144-8907-5.

Understanding employers’ perceptions of international graduates: An investigation of the employment prospects of Finnish-educated Chinese graduates in Finnish companies operating in China. Yuzhuo Cai. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University Press, 2012. 197 pp. (paperback), 27€, ISBN: 978-9-5144-8907-5.

The current situation and influential factors of ego-depletion of international graduate students in China

Objective To examine the differences and influential factors of ego-depletion source and its aftereffects between Chinese and non-Chinese graduate students (international graduate students) enrolled graduate programs in Chinese Universities. Methods Three different questionnaires were employed to assess the current situation of ego-depletion of 647 graduate students: demographic information questionnaire, Ego Depletion Source Scale (EDS-S) in postgraduates and Ego Depletion Aftereffects Scale (EDA-S). Collected data were analyzed by an independent samples t test, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results ①The scores of non-Chinese graduate students in China (83.59±25.97) were higher than those of Chinese students (67.39±25.46) on EDA-S in postgraduates, the difference was significant (P<0.01). ②The scores of non-Chinese graduate students (132.71±19.89) were higher than those of Chinese students (104.15±33.02) on EDS-S, the difference was significant (P<0.01). ③Of all the 11 dimensions of EDS-S, social distress, challenging task, thought suppression, compulsive task positively anticipated the EDA-S for Chinese graduate students (R2adj=0.584, R2adj=0.450, R2adj=0.624, R2adj=0.615, P<0.05) and social distress, decision making, compulsive task positively anticipated the EDA-S for non-Chinese graduate students (R2adj=0.698, R2adj=0.603, R2adj=0.668, P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to Chinese graduate students, ego-depletion source and ego depletion aftereffects of non-Chinese graduate students were higher.Of all the 11 dimensions of EDS-S, social distress, challenging task, thought suppression, compulsive task was in high correlation with EDA-S for Chinese graduate students, and social distress, decision making, compulsive task was in high correlation with EDA-S for non-Chinese graduate students. Key words: Ego-depletion source; Ego-depletion aftereffects; Ego depletion; International students

Risk Factors of Suicide Ideation in Chinese Graduate Students: CHAID Tree Analysis

The present study aims to identify the risk factors and develop a decision tree model of suicide ideation in Chinese graduate students. A chi-square automatic interaction detection tree analysis was conducted in a graduate students sample (N=1036). Measurements included University Personality Inventory (UPI), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results showed that suicide incidence of Chinese graduate students was 1.15%, with males’ was higher than females. Seventeen potential variables were considered and only three of them (depression, obsession, and neuroticism) were found to be risk factors of suicide ideation in Chinese graduate students, and the interactions between them constructed a decision tree model. These findings should be helpful for school and mental health providers to detect graduate students with a high possibility of suicide ideation, which will aid in planning of early suicide intervention and prevention for at risk students.

Second Language Graduate Students’ Experiences at the Writing Center: A Language Socialization Perspective

The writing center is a common form of academic writing support in Canadian and U.S. universities (Moussu &amp; David, ). With its nonproofreading policy, some scholars have indicated the service may be less effective for international students who require more explicit assistance on surface‐level features in their academic writing (Harris &amp; Silva, ; Myers, ). However, these discussions often omit or insufficiently address international graduate students as a distinctive population (Phillips, ). To address this gap, this article presents results from two complementary case studies involving the use of writing centers by three second language (L2) Chinese graduate students (two doctoral and one master's) at a research‐intensive Canadian university. Drawing on a second language socialization theoretical framework (Duff, ; Zuengler &amp; Cole, ), the researchers examine the role of the university's writing center in the participants’ enculturation into academic discourses, practices, identities, and communities. Data indicate that international graduate students spend considerable time and effort seeking out writing support to improve academic practices. Only the master's student was able to make full use of the writing center tutorials due to her strategic socialization of the tutor. Implications are provided to minimize student burden and maximize specialized writing support for L2 graduate students.

On Features of Legal Terms Applied in the Criminal Case News: Based on Xinran Ji Reports

The legal terms stand as an essential part of legal language representing specialized concepts in laws, acts and regulations, whose distinguishing features remains, even with the applications in other non-legal instruments, and keep affecting the writing style of legal instruments, explicitly, the case news. Criminal cases are the main staples reported in case news, because people’s preferences, social controversies and public policies are able to be indicated in criminal cases. Furthermore, criminal cases can also inspect senses of social justice and morality in a more profound perspective, therefore the criminal case news is more valuable than the civil case news. But relatively speaking there are numerous legal terms being involved in criminal news reports, which requires reporters or editors should posses the corresponding attainment of legal knowledge, master the features of legal language and precisely understand the relation between the legal terms and the news story so that the news events could be represented in the presence of readers objectively and veritably, at the same time the communication effects made by news media could be actually exerted. This paper selects news reports of the case of Chinese graduate Xinran Ji studying in America murdered from media as research texts, which combine with features of the legal terms and criminal case news to add up and analyze the legal terms utilized in news reports on the case. In the end, it is hoped that the summary on features of the legal term applied in criminal case news would be drew out to contribute some inspirations and reflections.

Enhancing Overseas Chinese Graduate Employability: The Case of Chinese Graduates with Finnish Academic Qualifications

This paper explores ways to enhance overseas Chinese graduate employability by taking Finnish-educated Chinese students/graduates as an example. In so doing, it understands that graduate employability development is a joint effort of multiple stakeholders including students, graduates, academics, program coordinators, employers, and policymakers. Accordingly, it provides arguments and suggestions for how to enhance the employability of these graduates in terms of the labor market context, employers’ beliefs and actions, the responsibilities of higher education institutions, and student/graduate commitment. It also points out two major challenges faced by overseas Chinese graduates as well as their educational providers, which are linked respectively to gaps between what graduates acquire in higher education and what is required in the labor market, as well as gaps from the employers’ perspective: areas where employers need to understand more about universities and catch up with new ideas generated by them.

How Chemistry Graduate Students and Researchers are Finding and Using Chemical Information: Findings from Interviews in a Chinese University.

Although scholarship has addressed issues around serving international students in U.S. and Canadian libraries, reports on how Chinese graduate students use information in Chinese universities, especially for a particular discipline, are rare. In this study, the author interviewed 15 graduate students and researchers in a top-ranked chemistry program in Beijing, China, in July 2015. The study focused on six areas: use of print and e-books; use of databases; the status of chemical information instruction; awareness of interlibrary loan and copyright; knowledge of open access and data management; and use of reference management tools. Findings from the study will benefit both chemistry and science librarians who work with international students in chemistry and related areas from China, as many of the graduate students interviewed will pursue a postdoctoral experience in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration of ideas: China and U.S.

Migration of ideas comes not only from permanent migrants but also from temporary migrants, such as international students, conference attendees, and visitors at foreign laboratories and centers. Given that collaborations generally arise from personal connections ([ 1 ][1]), it is hard to imagine internationally coauthored research expanding absent researcher mobility. Ties between U.S. and Chinese researchers exemplify how migration advances knowledge and benefits source and destination country. The United States is the top destination of Chinese international students and postdocs, and China is the top source of foreign students in the United States, and they contribute to U.S. scientific productivity ([ 2 ][2]). Those who return to China tend to outperform other Chinese researchers in terms of citations in international scientific journals ([ 3 ][3]). Homophily in citations suggests that a paper with authors from two countries is likely to spread new ideas or findings more rapidly across borders than if the paper's authors were from the same country. Having a foreign collaborator with a network of researchers in another country usually attracts overseas attention to research. In scientific work, China and the United States are each others' biggest partners: 16% of U.S. international collaborations are with China, and 48% of China's international collaborations are with the United States ([ 4 ][4]). U.S. corporations conduct research and patent inventions in China, and Chinese firms buy U.S. start-ups and patent in the United States. About 15% of author names on papers written at U.S.-based institutions are Chinese, whose first names (e.g., Xu rather than David) identify them as born overseas ([ 5 ][5]). Connections between migrants and natives on papers, patents, and citations does not directly measure the migration of ideas, which requires latent semantic analysis of the content of the underlying documents. But network links between collaborators from different countries establish a prima facie case for policies that treat foreign-born students and migrant researchers as valuable contributors to the United States and home-country scientific and economic progress and as possible future U.S. citizens as well. 1. [↵][6]1. A. Jaffe and 2. B. Jones 1. R. B. Freeman, 2. I. Ganguli, 3. R. Murciano-Goroff , The Changing Frontier: Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy, A. Jaffe and B. Jones, Eds. (University of Chicago Press, 2015), pp. 17–48. 2. [↵][7]1. G. Borjas, 2. K. Doran, 3. Y. Shen , “Ethnic complementarities after the opening of China: How Chinese graduate students affected the productivity of their advisors” (NBER Working paper 21096, NBER, Cambridge, MA, 2015). 3. [↵][8]1. A. Guena 1. R. B. Freeman, 2. W. Huang , Global Mobility of Research Scientists: The Economics of Who Goes Where and Why, A. Guena, Ed. (Academic Press-Elsevier, 2015), pp. 155–175. 4. [↵][9]National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2014 (National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 2014), appendix table 5-56. 5. [↵][10]1. R. B. Freeman, 2. W. Huang , J. Labor Econ. 33 (suppl. 1, part 2), S289 (2015). [OpenUrl][11] [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1 in text [7]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2 in text [8]: #xref-ref-3-1 View reference 3 in text [9]: #xref-ref-4-1 View reference 4 in text [10]: #xref-ref-5-1 View reference 5 in text [11]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ.%2BLabor%2BEcon.%26rft.volume%253D33%26rft.spage%253DS289%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx

环境因素对建立关系和宗教身份的影响∶中国研究生在美国两个社会文化环境中的个案分析

Linking concepts from networks, identities, and ecology, I draw on material collected during sixty interviews to show how a group of culturally homogeneous Chinese graduate students, when placed in two sociocultural environments in the United States, displayed different processes of religious identity network formation. In a large and heterogeneous community with more possible identities, students showed human agency by forming religious identities less constrained by networks. Human agency is also exemplified in the expansion of their religious circle of friends once they developed a religious identity. Religious identity often preceded networks. However, in a small and homogeneous community, students did emotion work to stay in pro-religious groups, presumably due to the limitations they had in choosing friends, particularly Chinese friends. The formation of networks more likely preceded the emergence of religious identities premised on the coexistence of multiple relationships in dyads and solidarity within primary groups. The narratives demonstrate how ecology matters for the formation of network ties and religious identity. 根据对60个对硕士博士研究生的采访，通过运用网络分析、身份研究、和环境研究领域的概念，本文详述同属一个文化的中国留学生当处于美国两个不同城市文化环境中时，通过生活圈子发展特定身份的不同过程。在一个大型、充满差异的城市里，留学生的身份选择具有多样性。其主体性表现在自主选择宗教认同并扩大有宗教信仰的朋友圈子。他们的宗教认同常常先于他们的宗教朋友圈。而在一个小型、倡导同化的城市里，由于可选择的中国朋友人数少，留学生常常通过控制自我感情来维系与亲宗教的朋友的关系。他们的宗教网络常常先于他们的宗教认同。在这种环境中，当两人有多重社会关系，并处于一个高度团结的小群体中时，宗教认同才得以传播。本研究显示社区规模和文化是重要的影响身份和社会网络的环境因素。 (This article is in English.)

Patterned Fluidity of Chinese Ethnic Identity: Networks, Time, and Place

This study tests the salience/prominence of Chinese ethnic identity by applying identity theory, social identity theory, and social network analysis. Using survey data of Chinese graduate students in two universities in the United States, I show how Chinese ethnic identity salience varies with the percentage of Chinese in an individual’s ego network revolving around him or her. In addition, among newcomers to the United States, as the percentage Chinese in ego networks increases, the decline of Chinese identity salience/prominence declines, but for old timers in the United States, as the percentage Chinese increases, the decline of Chinese identity salience/prominence is reversed. The ethnic identity salience lapses with time unless the respondents keep a cohort of co-nationals. Moreover, a cosmopolitan sociocultural environment is conducive to the maintenance of ethnic identity when an individual has many co-nationals in his or her ego network while having many co-nationals does not stop the decline of ethnic salience in an isolated social environment.

Effects of different language environments on Chinese graduate students' perceptions of English writing and their writing performance

This paper reports on findings from a study of the impact of language-environments on the second-year Chinese graduate students' English writing perceptions and performance. Ninety-four students were divided into three groups in order to see the effects of language environments on their English writing. One group, a study-abroad group (i.e., ESL learners), consisted of 31 non-English majors, who moved to the U.S. to pursue graduate education. The other two groups were studying for graduate degrees in universities in China. To find out the effects of language environments on their English writing perceptions and performance, we used a self-designed 80-item questionnaire and two writing tests (a letter-writing task and an argumentative essay writing task). Results suggest that in comparison with the at-home group, the ESL language environment had a statistically significant effect on the study-abroad group's English writing perceptions and performance. The study-abroad group was significantly more competent in English letter writing than the two at-home groups (p ≤ 001). The performance of the study-abroad students was also statistically better than the at-home non-English major group in argumentative essay writing, although they did not outperform the at-home English-major group. Implications of the study are also discussed.

Ethnic Complementarities after the Opening of China: How Chinese Graduate Students Affected the Productivity of Their Advisors

ABSTRACT:The largest flow of scientific talent in the world is the migration of international students to universities in industrialized countries. We use the opening of China in 1978 to estimate this flow's causal effect on the productivity of their professors in the United States. Our identification relies on both the suddenness of China's opening and on a key feature of scientific production: intra-ethnic collaboration. The increased access that Chinese-American advisors had to a new talent pool led to an increase in their productivity, in both coauthorships and solo-authored papers. Comparable non-Chinese advisors mentored fewer non-Chinese students and published fewer papers.

How Thai and Chinese Young Adults Manage Time?

This paper aimed to investigate the differences in time management behaviors between Thai and Chinese young adults. Two studies were conducted among Thai and Chinese graduate and undergraduate students: a test of Macan’s Time Management Behavior Questionnaire and an experiment investigating time management behaviors. Based on the results, Thai participants self-reported they had more behaviors typically related to managing time, setting goals and sequencing tasks. Chinese participants reported they had more behaviors related to work in an organized method and maintained an organized work environment and Chinese participants perceived they had better time control. On the other side, based on the results of the experiment, Chinese participants performed better in managing time.